平衡-波羅的海生態(tài)區(qū)域海洋景觀綜述

1、Mapping marine landscapes in the Baltic Sea ecoregion ICES WGMHM, Woods Hole18th of April 2007Per sand Kristensen & Johnny RekerThe Danish Fisheries Research Institute &The Danish Forest and Nature AgencyOUTLINE The BALANCE project Marine landscapes in the Baltic Sea Submarine structures mad

2、e by leaking gases in northern Kattegat. Photo: Dan KaasbySCOPEBSR INTERREG IIIB region. The “BALANCE” project area includes The Baltic Sea, Kattegat & Skagerrak 19 partners + 7 consultants10 countries incl. Norway & U.S.A but excl. RussiaBudget 4,7 mio. Runs 2 year from 1/7 2005Covers the e

3、ntire Baltic SeaFunded by the BSR INTERREG IIIB Programme (DG Regio)TRANSNATIONAL & CROSS-SECTORAL PARTNERSHIP% partners per sector19% Universities4% Regional Authorities20% Fisheries12% Nature Conservation authorities15% WWF15% Environmental Research Institutes15% Geological SurveysThe Danish F

4、orest and Nature Agency (Lead) The Geological Survey of Denmark and GreenlandThe National Environmental Research InstituteThe Danish Institute for Fisheries ResearchWWF DenmarkWWF GermanyInstitute of Aquatic Ecology, University of LatviaEstonian Marine Institute, University of TartuCoastal Research

5、and Planning InstituteMetshallitus Natural Heritage ServiceThe Finnish Environment InstituteThe Geological Survey of FinlandWWF FinlandThe Swedish Environmental Protection AgencyThe National Board of FisheriesThe Geological Survey of SwedenCounty Administrative Board of StockholmDepartment of Marine

6、 Ecology, Gothenburg UniversityWWF SwedenAIMAim:Development of an informed management template for the Baltic Sea focused on marine spatial planning through cross-sectoral & transnational co-operation. Activities: Identify & collate available BS marine data (physical, biological, socio-econo

7、mic), meta-database Identify & map marine landscapes & habitats in the Baltic Sea Assessment of the Baltic MPA network & development of the “blue corridors” conceptDevelopment of Baltic marine zoning plans in 2 pilot areasStakeholder communication strategy & disseminationCharacterisa

8、tion requirements- similarities between directives Waterframework Directive (art. 5.1, Annex II): “- an analysis of its river basin district characteristics” Habitats Directive (art. 3.2, Annex I): “- shall contribute to the creation of Natura 2000 in proportion to the representation within its terr

9、itory of the natural habitat types and the habitats of species” Proposed Marine Strategy Directive (art. 7.a, Annex II): “- an analysis of the essential characteristics and current environmental status of those waters and covering the habitat types, the biological components, the physio-chemical cha

10、racteristics and the hydromorphology” All three directives (WFD art. 5.1, Annex II), pMSD art. 3.1, HD art. 1.c) requires a transnational approach covering entire ecoregions e.g. the Baltic Sea.MARINE LANDSCAPES- characterising the marine environment It is a broad scale characterisation of the marin

11、e environment based on geophysical and hydrographical features. It is an cost-effective and suitable for describing offshore marine areas where biological data often are sparse. It was first developed by Roff and Taylor (2000) for predicting species assemblages based on geophysical and oceanographic

12、 data for Canadian territorial waters. The purpose was to enhance conservation of marine biodiversity through the establishment of a national framework of MPAs and can be applied for describing both the benthic and pelagic environment. The method has been applied in the North-western Atlantic throug

13、h MESH, the UK through the Irish Sea Pilot Project and UKSeaMap.Marine landscapes are defined as (UK approach): Seabed features which occur away from the coast, i.e. the seabed of open sea areas. In this group, the marine landscapes comprise the seabed and water at the substrate/water interface; Coa

14、stal (physiographic) marine features such as fiords and estuaries where the seabed and water body are closely interlinked. In this group, both the seabed and the overlying water are included within the marine landscape; Water column marine landscapes of open sea areas, such as mixed and stratified w

15、ater bodies and frontal systems. In this group, the marine landscapes comprise the water column above the substrate/water interface. MARINE LANDSCAPESTHE BALANCE APPROACH Collate and analyse available geophysical and hydro-graphical information for the entire Baltic Sea & Kattegat Define and agr

16、ee on an unified data format Decide a common platform for data handling, processing and projection of marine landscape map, e.g. ArcGis, WGS84, UTM Define standards for classifying Baltic marine landscapes A validation scheme to confirm the whether the predicted landscapes are describing the real li

17、fe situation Evaluate the existing Baltic network of MPAs, identifying Baltic marine diversity hotspots & strategic tool for planning field work etc.Sediments 5 classes First compiled sediment map of the Baltic Sea Bathymetry Derived slopeTopographic and bedform features 13 types identified Diff

18、icult to justify the ecological relevance Good for planning field surveys Sediment 5 classes First compiled sediment map of the Baltic Sea Salinity Modelled in 7 km grid in 20 layers 6 classes based on biogeographic distribution patterns of macroalgae and ecological requirements of fish (e.g. Cod) S

19、alinity at the seafloor used Seafloor within the photic zone Modelled Based on Secchi measurements from March to November over 10+ yearsHalocline Based on modelled dataSecondary data layers: Ice cover Oxygen depletion (incomplete) Current velocity Wave exposure Bed Shear Stress Temperature Data laye

20、rs are merged for the entire region ecosystem approachBenthic marine landscapes of the Baltic SeaMajor basinsBiogeographic boundariesPicks up known banks and reef areas Field stations (salinity, temperature & oxygen)Areas with suitable conditions (11 PSU and 2ml O2/l) for survival of Cod egg. Pelagic landscapes a Baltic exampleAreas with s