句子成分專題講解

1、關(guān)于句子成分專題講解現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第一頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分. .Definition現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)主要成分主要成分次要成分次要成分主語主語Subject (S)謂語謂語Predicate (V)表語表語Predicative (P)賓語賓語Object (O)定語定語Attribute狀語狀語Adverbial補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)足語句子成分句子成分Object Complement (Oc)現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)句子成分句子成分意義意義充當(dāng)詞類充當(dāng)詞類例句例句主語主語句子敘述的主體，表示句子說的是句子敘述的主體，表示句子說的是什么人或

2、什么事什么人或什么事名、代、數(shù)、名詞化的形名、代、數(shù)、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句從句We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語謂語說明主語所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特說明主語所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)，說明主語做什么，是什征和狀態(tài)，說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語賓語表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象或承受者表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象或承受者同主語同主語Both of us like English.表語表語與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，說明主語的身份、與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，

3、說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的名詞、形容詞、副詞、介名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)詞的詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句、從句Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語定語用來修飾名詞、代詞或其他名詞化用來修飾名詞、代詞或其他名詞化的詞的詞形，代，數(shù)，名形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或從句副，介詞短語或從句We have eight lessons every day.狀語狀語修飾動(dòng)詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語、分句以至句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)短語、分句以至句子，

4、表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或從句副詞，介詞短語或從句He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第四頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v是一個(gè)是一個(gè)句子句子所敘述的所敘述

5、的主體主體，表示句子說的是，表示句子說的是什么人或什么事什么人或什么事, ,一般位于一般位于句首句首。v但在但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不是疑問（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和詞時(shí)）和倒裝句倒裝句中，主語中，主語不放于句首不放于句首，而位，而位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。v主語可由主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。等表示。主語主語Subject現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第五頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)1.During the 1990s, American country mus

6、ic has become more and more popular。2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（名詞化的形容詞）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)

7、的是第六頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語從句）（主語從句）（itit作形式主語，真正的主語為后面作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）的不定式）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第七頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v說明說明主語所做的動(dòng)作主語所做的動(dòng)作或或具有的特征和具有的特征和狀態(tài)狀態(tài)。v動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組在句中作謂語，一在句中作謂語，一般放在般放在主語之后主語之后。謂語謂語Predicate現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第八頁(yè)，共

8、43頁(yè)1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.2、復(fù)合謂語、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞的各種變情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞的各種變形形構(gòu)成。如：構(gòu)成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由）由系動(dòng)詞加表語系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：構(gòu)成。如： We are students.注意：注意：謂語與主語在人稱與

9、數(shù)方面要保持一致謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致（主謂一致）。（主謂一致）?，F(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第九頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。v由由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語從句不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語從句等來?yè)?dān)任。等來?yè)?dān)任。賓語賓語Object現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on ti

10、me.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十一頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（不定式短語）

11、（動(dòng)名詞短語）（動(dòng)名詞短語）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十二頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)（1）雙賓語雙賓語（間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語）Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，等，He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，等，

12、She bought a gift for her mother.（2）復(fù)合賓語復(fù)合賓語（賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)）They elected him their monitor.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十三頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v只能接不定式只能接不定式做賓語做賓語 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，等， 如：如： He refused to

13、lend me his bike.v只能接動(dòng)名詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語做賓語 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，等， 如：如：John has admitted breaking the window .v既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但做賓語，但意義不同意義不同 stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。等。現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十四頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v用以說明主語的用以說明主語

14、的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)特征和狀態(tài)。v一般位于一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后等）之后。v表語一般由表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句語及表語從句表示。表示。表語表語Predicative現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十五頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）（代詞）3.The weather

15、 has turned cold.（形容詞）（形容詞）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十六頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）（副詞）10.The truth

16、 is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）（表語從句）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十七頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)用于用于連接主語和表語連接主語和表語，說明主語的身份、，說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)等。性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)等。系動(dòng)詞（系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞表像系動(dòng)詞表像系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞變化系動(dòng)詞變化系動(dòng)詞終止系動(dòng)詞終止系動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十八頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞:表示主語狀態(tài)表示主語狀態(tài), be eg. He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞:表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種表示主語繼續(xù)

17、或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度狀況或態(tài)度, keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, standeg. He always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系動(dòng)詞表像系動(dòng)詞:表示表示“看起來像看起來像”這一概念這一概念，seem, appear, lookeg. He seems (to be) very sad. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十九頁(yè)，共43頁(yè) 4）感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞:feel, smell, sound, taste eg. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動(dòng)詞變化系動(dòng)詞:表示主語變成什么樣，表示主語變成

18、什么樣，become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run eg. He became mad after that. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞終止系動(dòng)詞:表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，表達(dá)表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，表達(dá)“證實(shí)證實(shí)”，“變成變成”之意，之意， prove, turn out eg. The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v英語中有些英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，才能以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，才能使句使句子

19、的意義完整子的意義完整。v帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物某些及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ +賓語賓語+ +賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)。v賓補(bǔ)可由賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。充當(dāng)。賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語Object complement現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十一頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)1.His father named him Dongming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his mone

20、y to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名詞）（名詞）（形容詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（介詞短語）（從句）（從句）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十二頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v修飾名詞或代詞修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。稱為定語。v定語常由定語常由形容詞，分詞，名詞形容詞，分詞，名詞, , 代代

21、詞，不定式短語，動(dòng)名詞，介詞短詞，不定式短語，動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或從句語或從句擔(dān)任。擔(dān)任。定語定語Attribute現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十三頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）（形容詞）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）（分詞）3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）（名詞）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）（代詞）現(xiàn)在

22、學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十四頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）（不定式短語）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (定語從句定語從句)現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十

23、五頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。做狀語。v常由常由副詞，介詞短語，句子副詞，介詞短語，句子充當(dāng)。充當(dāng)。狀語狀語Adverbial現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十六頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（副詞及副詞

24、性詞組）（介詞短語）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）（不定式短語）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十七頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語）（分詞短語）（名詞）（名詞）（狀語從句）（狀語從句）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十八頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go th

25、ere if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時(shí)間狀語）（時(shí)間狀語）（原因狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（條件狀語）（地點(diǎn)狀語）（地點(diǎn)狀語）（方式狀語）（方式狀語）10種狀語種狀語現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十九頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8

26、.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9.She works very hard though she is old.10.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語）（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）（比較狀語）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十頁(yè)，共43頁(yè) p同位語（同位語（Appositive）:對(duì)前面的名詞或?qū)η懊娴拿~或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句代詞或從句擔(dān)任擔(dān)任This is Mr. Zhou, our

27、 headmaster.p插入語（插入語（Parenthesis）:對(duì)一句話做一些對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等等To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十一頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：v1. The students got on the school bus.v2. He handed me the newspaper.v3. I shall answer yo

28、ur question after class.v4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!v5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbialExercises現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十二頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v6. His job is to train swimmers.v7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8. There is going t

29、o be an American film tonight.v9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10. His wish is to become a scientist.v11. He managed to finish the work in time.v12. Tom came to ask me for advice.v13. He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.A

30、dverbialAO.RO.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十三頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)v14. Do you have anything else to say?v15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.v16. Would you please tell me your address?v17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.v18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19. He noticed a man enter the room.v20.

31、 The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十四頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)指出下列諸句中畫線部分是什么成分：指出下列諸句中畫線部分是什么成分：v On the left of my house is an old church.v Why could the boiling point of water be lower at the top of a mountain?3. I am not going to work today.4.

32、 This thing is for peeling potatoes.5.What time will you arrive?6.The Genie promised that if anyone should come and set him free, he would make him very rich.7. What nationality are you?S.S.V.Prep.O.Adv.O.C.Predicative現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十五頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)8. I couldnt understand why he had decided to retire at 50. 9. I a

33、m terribly confused by all this information.10. We had already reached 9000 feet by then.11. She reminded me to switch off all the lights.12. Ill be able to pass my driving test after I have had a few lessons.13. I love swimming. It keeps me fit.14. It is obvious that money doesnt grow on trees.Adve

34、rbialV.O.C.O.O.C.S.O.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十六頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)(二二)劃分句子成分劃分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well .3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .4.Why does the wind blow .5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to

35、everyone .8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十七頁(yè)，共43頁(yè)9.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of clothes to be washed .10.He gave his son some advice on reading .11.Read me the first paragraph .12.Ive ordered some soup for you .13.He began leaning English ten years ago .14.My being late worried my teacher .15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .16.April Day is the special day of the year when you play