U4_Amplification增詞法

1、vThe President gave Gates a heavy dose of the Clinton treatment, oozing charm and seeking emotional common ground in the fact that both had recently lost their mothers.vClinton let his Justice Department pursue a potentially devastating antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft.克林頓總統(tǒng)以自己克林頓總統(tǒng)以自己慣用的慣用的熱烈的待人

2、接物方式對(duì)熱烈的待人接物方式對(duì)待蓋茨，滿臉魅力、待蓋茨，滿臉魅力、笑容可掬笑容可掬。因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閮扇硕夹陆鼉扇硕夹陆鼏誓?，喪母，所以他滿以為所以他滿以為能在兩人之間找到共同語(yǔ)言。能在兩人之間找到共同語(yǔ)言?？肆诸D則聽(tīng)任司法部對(duì)微軟公司提出反壟斷訴克林頓則聽(tīng)任司法部對(duì)微軟公司提出反壟斷訴訟訟這對(duì)微軟公司這對(duì)微軟公司可能會(huì)是一場(chǎng)毀滅性的可能會(huì)是一場(chǎng)毀滅性的打擊打擊。Warming up Activityvthe two Bills are as different as the two ends of the baby-boom generation they representvGates, who

3、came of age in the 1970s, has a Watergate-year detachment from politics, a mind-set more me-generation than “l(fā)ove-in”.兩個(gè)比爾兩個(gè)比爾稟性稟性大不一樣，他們大不一樣，他們分別分別代表了代表了戰(zhàn)后戰(zhàn)后生育高峰首尾兩端生育高峰首尾兩端出生的這兩類人出生的這兩類人。蓋茨蓋茨2020世紀(jì)世紀(jì)7070年代長(zhǎng)大成人，年代長(zhǎng)大成人， 具有具有“水門(mén)事件水門(mén)事件”年代的人年代的人對(duì)政治冷漠超然對(duì)政治冷漠超然的特點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)， 其其心態(tài)更心態(tài)更接接近近“唯我的一代唯我的一代”，而不是，而不是“頹廢派

4、頹廢派”。Warming up ActivityvWhen called to account, both have been dismissive of the legal process and have had a strained relationship with the truth.vThe single-minded rise to political power is a timeless story, but Clintons came with the distinctive trappings of his era.當(dāng)要求當(dāng)要求他們對(duì)自己的所作所為進(jìn)行他們對(duì)自己的所作所為

5、進(jìn)行解釋時(shí)，兩解釋時(shí)，兩人都蔑視法律程序，欲蓋彌彰。人都蔑視法律程序，欲蓋彌彰。一心一心從政而最終從政而最終把握大權(quán)，這是一個(gè)永恒的話把握大權(quán)，這是一個(gè)永恒的話題。然而，克林頓的題。然而，克林頓的平步青云平步青云則明顯地帶有當(dāng)則明顯地帶有當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)時(shí)代的印記。時(shí)那個(gè)時(shí)代的印記。Warming up ActivityFor example, the translation of the word “wash”:vMary washes before meals.vMary washes before going to bed.vMary washes after getting up.vMary

6、washes for a living.vMary washes in a restaurant.瑪麗飯前瑪麗飯前洗手洗手?，旣愃艾旣愃跋词词，旣惪楷旣惪肯匆孪匆聻樯?。為生?，旣愒陲埖戤?dāng)瑪麗在飯店當(dāng)洗碗洗碗工。工?，旣惼鸫埠蟋旣惼鸫埠笙词词. 為了明確語(yǔ)義而增詞為了明確語(yǔ)義而增詞1. Supplying Words to Make Concepts Clear 英譯漢時(shí)，按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，有時(shí)需要將抽象名詞英譯漢時(shí)，按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，有時(shí)需要將抽象名詞的含義具體化。但當(dāng)?shù)暮x具體化。但當(dāng)具體名詞表示抽象概念具體名詞表示抽象概念時(shí)，具時(shí)，具體名詞后應(yīng)體名詞后應(yīng)增加相應(yīng)含義的名詞增加相應(yīng)

7、含義的名詞。1) I was struck by their cordiality to each other.2) He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.他們彼此的親密態(tài)度讓我吃驚。他們彼此的親密態(tài)度讓我吃驚。他讓法官的職責(zé)戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情而判決他兒子有罪。他讓法官的職責(zé)戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情而判決他兒子有罪。3) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 4) This lack of resistance in very col

8、d metals may become useful in electronic computers. 5) After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 氧化作用會(huì)使鋼鐵生銹。氧化作用會(huì)使鋼鐵生銹。這種在低溫金屬中沒(méi)有電阻的現(xiàn)象可能對(duì)電子計(jì)這種在低溫金屬中沒(méi)有電阻的現(xiàn)象可能對(duì)電子計(jì)算機(jī)很有用處。算機(jī)很有用處。一切準(zhǔn)備工作就緒以后一切準(zhǔn)備工作就緒以后 ，飛機(jī)就起飛了，飛機(jī)就起飛了 。I. 為了明確語(yǔ)義而增詞為了明確語(yǔ)義而增詞2. Supplying Words Omitted in the Original 原文中暗含的意思，有時(shí)需

9、通過(guò)加詞明確表達(dá)出來(lái)。原文中暗含的意思，有時(shí)需通過(guò)加詞明確表達(dá)出來(lái)。1) Inflation has now reached unprecedented level.2) Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.通貨膨脹已發(fā)展到了空前嚴(yán)重的地步。通貨膨脹已發(fā)展到了空前嚴(yán)重的地步。物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能 ，能也可以，能也可以為物質(zhì)。為物質(zhì)。v增加動(dòng)詞增加動(dòng)詞1) In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and r

10、estaurants.2) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions , he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 3) I forgot my key.在中國(guó)，我們每到一個(gè)城市就在中國(guó)，我們每到一個(gè)城市就大街、大街、商店、商店、公園、公園、演出、演出、名菜。名菜。晚上在晚上在宴會(huì)、宴會(huì)、音樂(lè)會(huì)和音樂(lè)會(huì)和乒乓球表乒乓球表演以后演以后 ，他還得起草最后公報(bào)。，他還得起草最后公報(bào)。我忘了我忘了鑰匙。鑰匙。v增加副

11、詞增加副詞人群人群散開(kāi)了。散開(kāi)了。他一坐下來(lái)就講開(kāi)了，他一坐下來(lái)就講開(kāi)了，講個(gè)沒(méi)完。講個(gè)沒(méi)完。v在不及物動(dòng)詞后增加隱含的賓語(yǔ)在不及物動(dòng)詞后增加隱含的賓語(yǔ)v增加形容詞所修飾的隱含名詞增加形容詞所修飾的隱含名詞I. 為了明確語(yǔ)義而增詞為了明確語(yǔ)義而增詞3. Supplying Words to Make Generalizations or to Convey the Concept of Plurality 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，有時(shí)需要添加概括性詞匯。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，有時(shí)需要添加概括性詞匯。1) Henry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and ag

12、ain in October. 兩度兩度2) The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, man-made satellites and rockets. 這三個(gè)領(lǐng)域這三個(gè)領(lǐng)域3) The ASIAN countries have designated 1992 as “Asian Tourism Year”, and are cooperating in a drive to convince the worlds pleasure-and-culture-seekers of their a

13、ttractions. 幾個(gè)國(guó)家?guī)讉€(gè)國(guó)家許多許多旅游景觀旅游景觀。 v增加概括性詞匯以承上啟下增加概括性詞匯以承上啟下Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.這種情況這種情況v增加表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞增加表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞增加重迭詞表示復(fù)數(shù)增加重迭詞表示復(fù)數(shù)增加數(shù)詞或其他詞表示復(fù)數(shù)增加數(shù)詞或其他詞表示復(fù)數(shù)Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵朵朵The lion is the king of animals.百百1. The best conductor has th

14、e least resistance and the poorest the greatest.2. If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?3. Air pressure decreases with altitude.Time to Practice最好的導(dǎo)體電阻最小最好的導(dǎo)體電阻最小, ,最差的導(dǎo)體電阻最大。最差的導(dǎo)體電阻最大。既然那么闊，干嘛要叫窮？既然那么窮，干既然那么闊，干嘛要叫窮？既然那么窮，干嘛擺闊氣？嘛擺闊氣？氣壓隨海拔高度的增加而下降。氣壓隨海拔高度的增加而下降。4. Note that the words “v

15、elocity” and “speed” require explanation. 5. He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars. 6. The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.請(qǐng)注意，請(qǐng)注意， 速度速度 和和 速率速率 這兩個(gè)詞需要解釋這兩個(gè)詞需要解釋. .他伸出雙腿，露出腿他伸出雙腿，露出腿上的道道傷痕。上的道道傷痕。群山開(kāi)始向山谷投下一道道蔚藍(lán)色的長(zhǎng)影。群山開(kāi)始向山谷投下一道道蔚藍(lán)色的長(zhǎng)影。7. I was taught t

16、hat two sides of a triangle were greater than the third. 8. A friend exaggerates a mans virtue, an enemy his crimes. 我學(xué)過(guò)，三角形的兩邊之和大于第三邊。我學(xué)過(guò)，三角形的兩邊之和大于第三邊。朋友宣揚(yáng)人的美德，敵人夸大人的罪過(guò)。朋友宣揚(yáng)人的美德，敵人夸大人的罪過(guò)。9. According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. 10. A scientist constantly

17、tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusion.根據(jù)科學(xué)家們的看法，自然界要用根據(jù)科學(xué)家們的看法，自然界要用500 500 年年的時(shí)間才能形成一英寸厚的表層土壤。的時(shí)間才能形成一英寸厚的表層土壤?？茖W(xué)家經(jīng)常設(shè)法推翻自己的假設(shè)，否定自科學(xué)家經(jīng)常設(shè)法推翻自己的假設(shè)，否定自己的理論，放棄自己的結(jié)論。己的理論，放棄自己的結(jié)論。II. 出于結(jié)構(gòu)需要而增詞出于結(jié)構(gòu)需要而增詞1. Supplying Necessary Connectives 1) Heated, water will change into vapor. 2

18、) However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lost.3) Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. 水如受熱水如受熱, ,就會(huì)汽化。就會(huì)汽化。不管鍋爐殼與蒸汽管封閉得多么嚴(yán)密，還是有一不管鍋爐殼與蒸汽管封閉得多么嚴(yán)密，還是有一部分熱散失損耗掉。部分熱散失損耗掉。因?yàn)榭諝饩哂兄亓?，所以處在空氣中的任何物因?yàn)榭諝饩哂兄亓?，所以處在空氣中的任何物體都會(huì)受到空氣的作用力體都會(huì)受

19、到空氣的作用力 。II. 出于結(jié)構(gòu)需要而增詞出于結(jié)構(gòu)需要而增詞2. Supplying Words to Indicate Different Tenses or Sequences 1) He served in the army for ten years.2) In Beijing, there was a divine scale and a higgledy-piggledy scale.他服過(guò)十年兵役。他服過(guò)十年兵役。過(guò)去的北京既有一種神圣的規(guī)模，又有過(guò)去的北京既有一種神圣的規(guī)模，又有一種雜亂無(wú)章的格局。一種雜亂無(wú)章的格局。II. 出于結(jié)構(gòu)需要而增詞出于結(jié)構(gòu)需要而增詞3) We w

20、ont retreat; we never have and never will.4) I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.我們不會(huì)后退，我們從未后退過(guò)，將來(lái)也我們不會(huì)后退，我們從未后退過(guò)，將來(lái)也絕不后退。絕不后退。我原本以為這不過(guò)是一種親熱的表示，但現(xiàn)我原本以為這不過(guò)是一種親熱的表示，但現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這是為了嗅嗅小羊羔氣味，以斷定在看來(lái)，這是為了嗅嗅小羊羔氣味，以斷定它是不是自己的孩

21、子。它是不是自己的孩子。Amplification for Purposes of Rhetoric or Coherence I came to a garden of grottoes, pavilions and shapely rocks and trees. 我來(lái)到一個(gè)假山花園前，園中亭閣玲瓏，山石嶙我來(lái)到一個(gè)假山花園前，園中亭閣玲瓏，山石嶙峋，樹(shù)木蔥郁。峋，樹(shù)木蔥郁。 III.出于修辭需要而增詞出于修辭需要而增詞Amplification by Repetition v英語(yǔ)為避免重復(fù)，盡量使用各種替代手段；而漢英語(yǔ)為避免重復(fù)，盡量使用各種替代手段；而漢語(yǔ)喜歡排比結(jié)構(gòu)，英譯漢時(shí)，可適

22、當(dāng)增加一些重語(yǔ)喜歡排比結(jié)構(gòu)，英譯漢時(shí)，可適當(dāng)增加一些重復(fù)詞，以順應(yīng)漢語(yǔ)行文的特點(diǎn)。復(fù)詞，以順應(yīng)漢語(yǔ)行文的特點(diǎn)。1) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.2) Ignorance is the mother of fear, as well as admiration.足以足以足以足以足以足以的根源。的根源。v翻譯比喻性詞語(yǔ)、成語(yǔ)、歇后語(yǔ)、雙關(guān)語(yǔ)有翻譯比喻性詞語(yǔ)、成語(yǔ)、歇后語(yǔ)、雙關(guān)語(yǔ)有時(shí)需要增添一些解釋性詞語(yǔ)，才能把意思完時(shí)需要增添一些解釋性詞語(yǔ)，才能把意思完整明白地表達(dá)出來(lái)。整明白地表達(dá)出來(lái)。1) shed crocodile tears2) It catered to large appe