2018年高考新課標(biāo)全國1卷英語試題及答案解析

1、絕密啟封前卷類型A2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新課標(biāo)I）英語（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項:1 .本試卷由四個部分組成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。2 .答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。3 .回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑；回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。4 .考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上

2、。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、BC三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是Co1. Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.It'samusingB.It'sexcitingdisappointing2. HowwillSusanspendmostofhertime

3、inFrance?A. TravelingaroundB. StudyingataschoolC. Lookingafterheraunt3. Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Goingout4. Wherearethespeakers?A.Inaclassroom5. Whatisthemangoingtodo?A. GoontheInternetB. OrderingdrinksB.InalibraryB. MakeaphonecallC. PreparingforapartyCInabookstoreC.Takeatraintrip第二節(jié)（共15小題；每

4、小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、BC三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答6、7題。C.AshoerepairshopC.Amap6 .Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.AninformationofficeB.Apolicestation7 .WhatistheTownGuideaccordingtotheman?A.AbrochureB.Anewspaper聽第7段

5、材料，回答8、9題。8 .Whatdoesthemansayabouttherestaurant?A.It'sthebiggestonearound.8.1 toffersmanytastydishes.C.It'sfamousforitsseafood.9 .Whatwillthewomanprobablyorder?A.Friedfish.B.Roastchicken.C.Beefsteak.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10 .WherewillMr.Whitebeat11o'clock?A.Attheoffice.B.Attheairport.C.Atthe

6、restaurant.11 .WhatwillMr.Whiteprobablydoatoneintheafternoon?A.Receiveaguest.B.Haveameeting.C.Readareport.12 .WhenwillMissWilsonseeMr.White?A.AtlunchtimeB.Lateintheafternoon.C.Thenextmorning.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13 .WhyisBillgoingtoGermany?A.Toworkonaproject.B.TostudyGerman.C.Tostartanewcompany.14 .What

7、didthewomandislikeaboutGermany?A.Theweather.B.Thefood.C.Theschools.15.WhatdoesBillhopetodoabouthisfamily?A.BringthemtoGermany.B.leavetheminEngland.C.Visittheminafewmonths.16 .Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeaker?A.fellow-travelersB.Colleagues.C.Classmates.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17 .Whendiditrai

8、nlasttimeinJuarez?A.Threedaysago.B.Amonthago.C.Ayearago.18.WhatseasonisitinJuarez?A.Sping.B.SummerC.Autumn19 .Whataretheelderlyadvisedtodo?A.Takeawalkintheafternoon.B.Keeptheirhomescool.C.Drinkplentyofwater.20 .Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Hostingaradioprogram.B.Conductingaseminar.C.Forecastingtheweather

9、.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的AB、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。APacificScienceCenterGuide VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDontforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorrememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated（位于）upstairsinBui

10、lding3rightnexttotheLasterDome. HungryOurexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody?Ourcafeoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecafeislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses. RentalInformationLockersareavailabletosto

11、reanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired. SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion（熱情）fordiscoveryandlifelong

12、learninginscience,mathandtechnology.TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandoneweconnotachivewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersoc

13、ialorganizations.WtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.21.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B. InBuilding3.C.AtthelastDome.D.AttheDennyWayentrance.22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A.TrainScienceteachers.B.Disnciescicncebooks.C

14、. Distributescientificresearch.D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.23 .Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.BIworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLo

15、custValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl（貓頭鷹）ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedt

16、hechick（雛鳥）anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.No

17、wallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnightto

18、besure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.AnditwasaccompaniedinthenestbyzxxkthegreatestsightofallLUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24 .Whatis

19、unavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.25.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.26 .Whatmadethec

20、hickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.27 .Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It'sunexpected.B. It'sbeautiful.C. It'shumorous.D. It'sdiscouraging.CSomeoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualI

21、nternationalJazzDay.UNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying（聯(lián)合）voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusicha

22、sfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,"MorantellsN

23、ationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan."WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.It'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbe

24、enlost."Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,“saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty,“JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,“s

25、aysMoran."Forme,it'stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion（情感）lie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight（感悟）onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,"

26、saysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”28. WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?A. Torememberthebirthofjazz.B. Toprotectculturaldiversity.C. Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D. Torecognizethevalueofjazz.29. Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph

27、3referto?A. Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B. Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C. Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D. Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.30. WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?A. Itwilldisappeargradually.B. Itremainsblackandwhite.C. Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D. Itchangesevery50years

28、.31. Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A. ExploringtheFutureofJazz.B. TheRiseandFallofJazz.C. TheStoryofaJazzMusician.D. CelebratingtheJazzDay.DAbuld-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸儲器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S

29、.DepartmentofAgriculture,it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5/父5/sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer-perhapsjustadrinking

30、cup-tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplaces

31、othatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone（圓錐體）with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirect

32、lyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates（蒸發(fā)）andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentzxxkoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobr

33、eakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.32. Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sdelicate.B.It'sexpensive.C.It'scomplex.D.It'sportable.33. Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher"inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.34. What

34、'sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.35. Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupform.A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenairD.beneaththesheet第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根

35、據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36.Thefriendswhointroducedmetocamping

36、thoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanoth

37、erfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.39 Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebe

38、droom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40 Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A. Thistimetherewasnotent.B. Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C. Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D. Iwastolearnalotabou

39、tcampingsincethen,however.E. ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F. Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G. Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，茜分30分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、BC和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Whilehighschoo

40、ldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis41processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage（美式手語）.Ineverfeltanurgeto43anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing,andsoa

41、reallmyfriends.The44languageswereenoughinallmyinteractions（交往）.LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermy45forASL.The46beganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub47theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery48ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking49me.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexper

42、iencedinthe50.Thisnewnessjustleftme51more.Afterthat,feelingtheneedto52further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub'smeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto53thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy54progresswasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto55thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.Thefollowingterm,I56anASLclass.The

43、professorwasdeafandanytalkingwas57.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.58,iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhave59ustolearnless.Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe60wayofcommunicationitopens.41.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal42.A.progressB.experienceC.majorDopinion43.A.chooseB.readC.learnDc

44、reate44.A.officialB.foreignC.bodyD.spoken45.A.loveB.concernC.goalD.request46.A.meetingB.tripC.storyDtask47.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedDdiscussed48.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason49.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedDattracted50.A.endB.pastC.courseDdistance51.A.showingB.actingC.sayingD.wanting52.A.

45、exerciseB.exploreC.expressDexplain53.A.printB.writeC.signD.count54.A.slowB.steadyC.normalD.obvious55.A.chairB.sponsorC.attendDorganize56.A.missedB.passedC.gaveupDregisteredfor57.A.prohibitedB.welcomedC.ignoredD.repeated58.A.LastlyB.ThusC.InsteadD.However59.A.requiredB.causedC.allowedD.expected60.A.e

46、asyB.popularC.quickD.new第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62（effect）suchasoverweightandhea

47、rtdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotryt

48、omakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點心、)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪