1考研英語翻譯真題精練精講

1、2001年考研英語翻譯真題精練精講一、全真試卷In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments , allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.(71) There will be television ch

2、at shows hosted by robots , and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips , computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-telev

3、ision , and digital age will have arrived.According to BT s futurologist , Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium ( a period of 1000years) , when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.(73) Pearson ha

4、s pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine , including an ex

5、tended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and , hopefully , simulate feeling too so that we can start to dev

6、elop full sensory environments , rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,” , he says.(74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic

7、 human befo re the end of the next century.”Through his research , Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available , or when human cloning will be perfected , or when time trave

8、l will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will , for example , cause problems in2010 , while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human fr

9、iends and the droids. (75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.二、翻譯題解(74) Therewill betelevision chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitorsthatwill disablethem wh

10、en they offend.句子拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：分詞，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，連詞There will be television chat shows/ hosted by robots/, and cars with pollution monitors/ that will disable them/ when they offend.解讀：1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是帶雙主語的存在句：There will be television chat shows., and cars.2)兩個(gè)主語都帶有定語：第一個(gè)主語television chat shows的定語是過去分詞短語hostedby robots , 第

11、二個(gè)主語 cars的定語是介詞短語with pollution monitors 。3）定語從句that will disable them 修飾的先行詞是 pollution monitors，最后一個(gè)從句 when they offend是定語從句中的狀語從句。詞的處理：television chat shows hosted by robots由機(jī)器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目，重點(diǎn)詞hosted主持cars with pollution monitors 裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車disable them使汽車失靈（停止運(yùn)行）， them和they指代汽車offend多義詞（汽車）污染超標(biāo)，違規(guī)技巧

12、點(diǎn)撥：1） there be句型表存在，所以通常可以翻譯為“有，出現(xiàn)”。另外，主句部分是將來時(shí)，由于漢語動(dòng)詞不具有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等變化，需要用增詞法的翻譯技巧，增加“將，屆時(shí)?！?） That will disable them :是定語從句，其先行詞是pollution monitors （污染監(jiān)控器）。首先這個(gè)定語從句后面有一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，根據(jù)定語從句的翻譯方法，可以放在后面直接翻譯，但是需要重復(fù)先行詞。其次， them指代的是上文的cars,可以翻譯為“這些汽車”。最后謂語動(dòng)詞disable的基本意思是“使殘廢，使不能”。根據(jù)詞義選擇的翻譯技巧，聯(lián)系上下文的“監(jiān)控器”和“這

13、些汽車”，結(jié)合漢語習(xí)慣，就可以知道 disable是使這些汽車不能行使”。3） When they offend:是時(shí)間狀語從句。首先，作主語的代詞 they指代上文的cars,可以 翻譯為“這些汽車”。其次， offend通常是“冒犯”的意思，但是，這里顯然不能夠翻譯為“冒犯”，可以根據(jù)詞義選擇的翻譯技巧來分析。Offend的上文是“這些汽車”，再聯(lián)系下文思考：這些汽車冒犯了什么呢？顯然是“這些汽車”冒犯了 “污染監(jiān)控器。所以，offend 就可以翻譯為“汽車污染超標(biāo)”。完整譯文：屆時(shí)，將出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目以及裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車，一旦這些汽車排污超標(biāo)（違規(guī)），監(jiān)控器就會(huì)使其停駛

14、。（72） Childrenwill playwith dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalitieswill be regardedas workmates rather than tools, relaxationwill bein front of smell- television,anddigital agewill have arrived.句子拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，并列連詞Children will play with dolls equipped with perso

15、nality chips, / computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, / relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.解讀：1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是幾個(gè)并列的簡單句：Children will play with dolls., computerswill beregarded as., relaxation will be in front of.

16、, and digital age will have arrived.2） dolls 帶有過去分詞短語 equipped with personality chips 做定語， computers的后置定 語是介詞短語 with in built personalities , personalities 等于 personality chips,賓語 workmates rather than tools是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，表示選擇。詞的處理：dolls equipped with personality chips 裝有個(gè)性芯片的玩具娃娃 personality個(gè)性，性格computers w

17、ith in built personalities 個(gè)性內(nèi)置的計(jì)算機(jī)rather than 而不是relaxation休閑、放松、娛樂、消遣smell television氣味電視機(jī)digital age數(shù)字化時(shí)代技巧點(diǎn)撥：1) will be regared as：根據(jù)翻譯的方法，這個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)可以從用直接翻譯為漢語的被字結(jié)構(gòu)的方法來處理。2) relaxation will be in front of smell-television 。其中 relaxation 是 休閑、 放松” 的意思。 這樣這個(gè)句子就可以翻譯為“休閑將在氣味電視前，但是這個(gè)譯文顯然不符合漢語的表達(dá) 習(xí)慣。由于re

18、lexation這個(gè)詞在英語中是名詞，可是“休閑，放松”在漢語中，更多是動(dòng)詞。 所以根據(jù)翻譯里詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的技巧，把 relaxation翻譯為漢語的動(dòng)詞，然后根據(jù)增詞法的翻譯 技巧，增加一個(gè)表示泛指的主語“人們、大家”等。完整譯文：兒童將與裝有個(gè)性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有個(gè)性內(nèi)置的計(jì)算機(jī)將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具，人們將在氣味電視機(jī)前休閑，屆時(shí)數(shù)字化時(shí)代就來到了。(73) Pearsonhas piecedtogether the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium tec

19、hnology calendarthatgivesthe latest dateswhenwecan expecthundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.句子拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：動(dòng)詞不定式，連詞Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, / to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates /

20、 when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.解讀：1)主句是簡單句，to produce是結(jié)果狀語。2) calendar后面的that是定語從句。3)后面的when引導(dǎo)的也是定語從句，不是時(shí)間狀語。4) to take place作前面名詞的定語。詞的處理：Pearson皮爾森(人名音譯)pieced together 匯集； 綜合around the world世界各地，全世界produce 編制a unique millennium technology calendar

21、個(gè)獨(dú)特的技術(shù)千年歷the latest dates 最遲日期key breakthroughs重大突破，關(guān)鍵性突破技巧點(diǎn)撥：1) That gives the latest dates 是 that 弓 I導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾calendar。首先，這個(gè) that 弓 I導(dǎo)的定語從句里面還有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾dates根據(jù)定語從句的翻譯方法，可以把這個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句直接翻譯在其先行詞后面，采用重復(fù)先行詞，或用代詞代替先行詞的方法。2)when引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于先行詞dates之前進(jìn)行翻譯，而其中的動(dòng)詞不定式，to takeplace 是發(fā)生的意思，它做定語修飾hundre

22、ds of key breakthroughs and discoveries o 這樣的定語從句可以翻譯為“我們期望的將要發(fā)生的數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)”。這個(gè)漢語譯文顯得有些累贅，“期望的”事情就是“將來的事情”。所以可以采取省略法的翻譯技巧，把動(dòng) 詞短語to take place省略不譯。完整譯文：編制了 一個(gè)獨(dú)特的技術(shù)千年歷，它列出了皮爾森匯集世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的成果, 人們有望看到數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期。(74) But that, Pearson points out,isonly the start of man-machine integration: Itwill b

23、ethe beginning of the long process of integrationthatwill ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.句子拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，連詞But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: /It will be the beginning of the long process of integration / that w

24、ill ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.解讀：1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是 that. is only the start of.系表結(jié)構(gòu)2) beginning后面有多重定語：兩個(gè)of短語和一個(gè)that will ultimately lead to 定語從句。3) Pearson points out插入語，翻譯時(shí)放在句首。4) 在 the long process of integration 結(jié)構(gòu)中，integration 前省略了定語 man-machine, 翻 譯時(shí)要補(bǔ)

25、出。5) lead to a fully electronic human動(dòng)詞和賓語之間意思省略，翻譯時(shí)要加詞詞的處理：that代詞作主語，指代上文的“ breakthrough”a breakthrough突破，一定要譯出the start of manmachine integration 人機(jī)體化的開始lead to引起出現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生a fully electronic human完全電子化的仿真人，完全的電子人before the end of the next century 在下世紀(jì)末之前技巧點(diǎn)撥：1)本句的第一個(gè)that要找對(duì)其正確的指代，通過返回原文，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，that所指代的

26、是 breakthrough o2)本句第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面的 beginning o根據(jù)翻譯的方法，可以直接 翻譯在先行詞的后面。完整譯文：皮爾森指出，這個(gè)突破僅僅是人機(jī)一體化的開始：“它是人機(jī)一體化漫長之路的第一步，最終會(huì)使人們?cè)谙率兰o(jì)末之前就研制出完全電子化的仿真人?！?75) And home applianceswillalsobecomeso smartthatcontrolling and operating themwill resultin the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.句子

27、拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：連詞，介詞短語And home appliances will also become so smart / that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout /of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.解讀：句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是： home appliances will also become so smart that.,關(guān)鍵是找出 so.that.： 如此以至于(結(jié)果狀語從句)。詞的處理：home appliances 家用 電器smart聰明，智能

28、化result in the breakout of 弓I發(fā)，導(dǎo)致，出現(xiàn)psychological disorder 心理混舌L （失調(diào)）kitchen rage廚房狂燥癥，廚房憤怒技巧點(diǎn)撥：1） smart在此翻譯為“聰明”是正確的，但是不太符合漢語的習(xí)慣。根據(jù)詞義選擇的技 巧，聯(lián)系上下文的 home applicance （家用電器），可以進(jìn)一步調(diào)整為智能化”。2） the breakout of a new psychological disorder 其中，of a new a psychological disorder 是 介詞短語，可以直接翻譯為“一種新的心理疾病”。這個(gè)介詞短語修飾breakout （爆發(fā)），所以組合的時(shí)候，可以放到breakout之前翻譯。整合一下就是：新的心理疾病的爆發(fā)。這個(gè)漢語譯文顯得有些累贅，因?yàn)?，“?dǎo)致一種新的心理疾病”在語義上已經(jīng)很通順完整了。所以可以進(jìn)一步調(diào)整為：一種新的心理疾病。3） kitchen rage 是對(duì) psychological disorder 的進(jìn)一步解釋。這里 kitchen rage 如果直接翻 譯為“廚房生氣，廚房憤怒”的話是正確的，可以接受。其實(shí)聯(lián)系上下文