2物理化學(xué)習(xí)題集

1、第一部分 概念及術(shù)語 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWX YZ第二部分 練習(xí)題第三部分模擬題及前言15概念及術(shù)語16BET 公式 BET formula16DLVO 理論 DLVO theory16HLB 法 hydrophile-lipophile balance method16pVT 性質(zhì) pVT property16電勢 zeta potential16阿伏加德羅常數(shù) Avogadronumber16阿伏加德羅定律 Avogadro law16阿累尼烏斯電離理論 Arrhenius ionization theory16阿累尼烏斯方程 Arrhenius equation

2、17阿累尼烏斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy17阿馬格定律 Amagat law17艾林方程 Erying equation17愛因斯坦光化當(dāng)量定律 Einsteins law of photochemical equivalence17愛因斯坦斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation17安托萬常數(shù) Antoine constant17安托程 Antoine equation17盎薩格電導(dǎo)理論 Onsagers theory of conductance17半電池 half cell17半衰期 half time period18飽和液體

3、saturated liquids18飽和蒸氣 saturated vapor18飽和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption18飽和蒸氣壓 saturated vapor pressure18界限 explosion limits18比表面功 specific surface work18比表面吉布斯函數(shù) specific surface Gibbs function18比濃粘度 reduced viscosity18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電動(dòng)勢 standard electromotive force18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢 standard electrode potential18標(biāo)

4、準(zhǔn)摩爾反應(yīng)焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾反應(yīng)吉布斯函數(shù) standard Gibbs function of molar reaction18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾反應(yīng)熵 standard molar reaction entropy19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾焓函數(shù) standard molar enthalpy function19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾吉布斯自由能函數(shù) standard molar Gibbs free energy function19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾燃燒焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾熵 standard molar

5、entropy19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成吉布斯函數(shù) standard molar formation Gibbs function19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平衡常數(shù) standard equilibrium constant19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氫電極 standard hydrogen electrode19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)態(tài)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熵標(biāo)準(zhǔn)standard state19standard entropy20standard pressure20標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況 standard condition20表觀活化能 apparent activation energy20表觀

6、摩爾質(zhì)量 apparent molecular weight20表觀遷移數(shù) apparent transference number20表面 surfaces20表面過程控制 surface process control20表面活性劑 surfactants21表面吸附量 surface excess21表面張力 surface tension21表面質(zhì)量作用定律 surface mass action law21波義爾定律 Boyle law21波義爾溫度 Boyle temperature21波義爾點(diǎn) Boyle point21玻爾茲曼常數(shù)玻爾茲曼分布玻爾茲曼公式Boltzmann co

7、nstant22Boltzmann distribution22Boltzmann formula22玻爾茲曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem22泊 Poise22不可逆過程 irreversible process22不可逆過程熱力學(xué) thermodynamics of irreversible processes22不可逆相變化 irreversible phase change22布朗運(yùn)動(dòng) brownian movement22查理定律 Charles law22產(chǎn)率 yield23敞開系統(tǒng)open system23超電勢 over potential23沉降

8、sedimentation23沉降電勢 sedimentation potential23沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium23觸變 thixotropy23粗分散系統(tǒng) thick disperse system23催化劑 catalyst23單單層吸附理論 mono molecule layer adsorption23反應(yīng) unimolecular reaction23單鏈反應(yīng) straight chain reactions24彈式量熱計(jì) bomb calorimeter24道爾頓定律 Dalton law24道爾頓分壓定律 Dalton partial pre

9、ssure law24德拜和法爾肯哈根效應(yīng) Debye and Falkenhagen effect24德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula24德拜休克爾極限公式 Debye-Huckels limiting equation24等焓過程 isenthalpic process24等焓線 isenthalpic line24等幾率定理等溫等容位等溫等壓位theorem of equal probability24Helmholtz free energy25Gibbs free energy25等溫方程 equation at constant temperature25低共熔

10、點(diǎn) eutectic point25低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture25低會(huì)溶點(diǎn) lower consolute point25低熔冰鹽合晶 cryohydric26第二類永第三定律熵第一類永perpetual machine of the second kind26Third-Law entropy26perpetual machine of the first kind26締合化學(xué)吸附 association chemical adsorption26電池常數(shù) cell constant26電池電動(dòng)勢 electromotive force of cells26電池反應(yīng) ce

11、ll reaction27電導(dǎo) conductance27電導(dǎo)率 conductivity27電動(dòng)勢的溫度系數(shù) temperature coefficient of electromotive force27電動(dòng)電勢 zeta potential27電功 electric work27電化學(xué) electrochemistry27電化學(xué)極化 electrochemical polarization27電極電勢電極反應(yīng)電極種類electrode potential27reactions on the electrode27type of electrodes27電解池 electrolytic c

12、ell28電量計(jì) coulometer28電流效率 current efficiency28電遷移 electro migration28電遷移率 electromobility28電滲 electroosmosis28電滲析 electrodialysis28電泳 electrophoresis28丁達(dá)爾效應(yīng) Dyndall effect28定容摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity under constant volume28定容溫度計(jì) Constant voIume thermometer28定壓摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity under constant

13、pressure29定壓溫度計(jì) constant pressure thermometer29定域子系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程動(dòng)力學(xué)控制子系統(tǒng)localized particle system29kinetic equations29kinetics control29independent particle system29對比摩爾體積 reduced mole volume29對比體積 reduced volume29對比溫度 reduced temperature29對比reduced pressure29對稱數(shù) symmetry number29對行反應(yīng) reversible reactions2

14、9對應(yīng)狀態(tài)原理 principle of corresponding state29多方過程 polytropic process30多層吸附理論 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers30二級反應(yīng) second order reaction30二級相變 second order phase change30法拉第常數(shù) faraday constant31法拉第定律 Faradays law31反電動(dòng)勢 back E.M.F.31反滲透 reverse osmosis31反應(yīng)數(shù) molecularity31反應(yīng)級數(shù) reaction orders

15、31反應(yīng)進(jìn)度 extent of reaction32反應(yīng)熱 heat of reaction32反應(yīng)速率 rate of reaction32反應(yīng)速率常數(shù) constant of reaction rate32范德華常數(shù) van der Waals constant32范德華方程 van der Waals equation32范德華力 van der Waals force32范德華氣體 van der Waals gases32范特霍夫方程 vant Hoff equation32范特霍夫規(guī)則 vant Hoff rule33范特霍夫滲透壓公式 vant Hoff equation of

16、 osmotic pressure33非基元反應(yīng) non-elementary reactions33非體積功 non-volume work33非依時(shí)計(jì)量學(xué)反應(yīng) time independent stoichiometric reactions33菲克擴(kuò)散第一定律 Ficks first law of diffusion33沸點(diǎn) boiling point33沸點(diǎn)升高 elevation of boiling point33費(fèi)米狄拉克統(tǒng)計(jì) Fermi-Dirac statistics33分布 distribution33分布數(shù) distribution numbers34分解電壓分配定律分散

17、系統(tǒng)position voltage34distribution law34disperse system34分散相 dispersion phase34分體積 partial volume34分體積定律 partial volume law34分壓 partial pressure34分壓定律 partial pressure law34反應(yīng)力學(xué) mechanics of molecular reactions34間力蒸餾封閉系統(tǒng)附加intermolecular force34molecular distillation35closed system35excess pressure35弗羅

18、因德利希吸附經(jīng)驗(yàn)式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption35負(fù)極 negative pole35負(fù)吸附 negative adsorption35復(fù)合反應(yīng) composite reaction35蓋·呂薩克定律 Gay-Lussac law35蓋斯定律 Hess law35甘 電極 calomel electrode35感膠離子序 lyotropic series35杠桿規(guī)則 lever rule35高溶液 macromolecular solution36高會(huì)溶點(diǎn) upper consolute point36法 the isolat

19、ion method36格羅塞斯德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoers law36系統(tǒng) isolated system37根均方速率 root-mean-square speed37功 work37功函 work content37共軛溶液 conjugate solution37共沸溫度 azeotropic temperature37構(gòu)型熵 configurational entropy37孤立系統(tǒng) isolated system37固溶膠 solid sol37固態(tài)混合物 solid solution38固相線 solid phase line38光反應(yīng) photoreaction

20、38光化學(xué)第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry38光化學(xué)第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry38光敏反應(yīng) photosensitized reactions38光譜熵 spectrum entropy38廣度性質(zhì) extensive property38廣延量 extensive quantity38廣延性質(zhì) extensive property38規(guī)定熵 stipulated entropy38過飽和溶液 oversaturated solution38過飽和蒸氣 oversaturated vapor38過程 p

21、rocess39過渡狀態(tài)理論 transition state theory39過冷水 super-cooled water39過冷液體 overcooled liquid39過熱液體 overheated liquid39亥姆霍茲函數(shù) Helmholtz function39亥姆霍茲函數(shù)判據(jù) Helmholtz function criterion39亥姆霍茲自由能 Helmholtz free energy39亥氏函數(shù) Helmholtz function39焓 enthalpy39亨利常數(shù) Henry constant39亨利定律 Henry law39恒沸混合物 constant bo

22、iling mixture40恒容摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity at constant volume40恒容熱 heat at constant volume40恒外壓 constant external pressure40恒壓摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure40恒壓熱 heat at constant pressure40化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué) chemical kinetics40化學(xué)反應(yīng)計(jì)量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction40化學(xué)反應(yīng)計(jì)量系數(shù) stoichiom

23、etric coefficient of chemical reaction40化學(xué)反應(yīng)進(jìn)度 extent of chemical reaction41化學(xué)親合勢 chemical affinity41化學(xué)熱力學(xué) chemical thermodynamics41化學(xué)勢 chemical potential41化學(xué)勢判據(jù) chemical potential criterion41化學(xué)吸附 chemisorptions41環(huán)境 environment41環(huán)境熵變 entropy change in environment41揮發(fā)度混合熵混合物volatility41entropy of mix

24、ing42mixture42活度 activity42活化控制 activation control42活化絡(luò)合物理論 activated complex theory42活化能 activation energy43霍根-華森圖 Hougen-Watson Chart43基態(tài)能級 energy level at ground state43基?；舴蚬?Kirchhoff formula43基元反應(yīng) elementary reactions43溶解熱 integration heat of dissolution43吉布斯杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation43吉布斯亥姆霍茲

25、方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation43吉布斯函數(shù) Gibbs function43吉布斯函數(shù)判據(jù) Gibbs function criterion44吉布斯吸附公式 Gibbs adsorption formula44吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy44吉氏函數(shù) Gibbs function44極化電極電勢 polarization potential of electrode44極化曲線 polarization curves44極化作用 polarization44極限摩爾電導(dǎo)率 limiting molar conductivity44幾率因子 ster

26、ic factor44計(jì)量式 stoichiometric equation44計(jì)量系數(shù) stoichiometric coefficient45價(jià)數(shù)規(guī)則 rule of valence45簡并度 degeneracy45鍵焓膠凍膠核bond enthalpy45broth jelly45colloidal nucleus45膠凝作用 demulsification45膠束 micelle45膠體 colloid45膠體分散系統(tǒng) dispersion system of colloid45膠體化學(xué) collochemistry45膠體粒子 colloidal particles45膠團(tuán) mic

27、elle45焦耳 Joule45焦耳-湯姆生實(shí)驗(yàn)焦耳-湯姆生系數(shù)焦耳-湯姆生效應(yīng)Joule-Thomson experiment46Joule-Thomson coefficient46Joule-Thomson effect46焦耳定律 Joule's law46接觸電勢 contact potential46接觸角 contact angle46節(jié)流過程 throttling process46節(jié)流膨脹 throttling expansion46節(jié)流膨脹系數(shù) coefficient of throttling expansion46結(jié)線 tie line46結(jié)晶熱 heat of

28、 crystallization47解離化學(xué)吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption47界面 interfaces47界面張力 surface tension47浸濕 immersion wetting47浸濕功 immersion wetting work47精餾 rectify47聚（合）電解質(zhì) polyelectrolyte47聚沉 coagulation47聚沉值 coagulation value47絕對反應(yīng)速率理論 absolute reaction rate theory47絕對熵 absolute entropy47絕對溫標(biāo) absolute te

29、mperature scale48絕熱過程 adiabatic process48絕熱量熱計(jì) adiabatic calorimeter48絕熱指數(shù)卡諾定理卡諾循環(huán)adiabatic index48Carnot theorem48Carnot cycle48開爾文公式 Kelvin formula48柯諾瓦吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law48科爾勞施離子運(yùn)動(dòng)定律 Kohlrauschs Law of Independent Migration of Ions48可能的電解質(zhì) potential electrolyte49可逆電池 reversible cell49可逆過程 r

30、eversible process49可逆過程方程 reversible process equation49可逆體積功 reversible volume work49可逆相變 reversible phase change49克拉佩龍方程 Clapeyron equation49克勞修斯不等式 Clausius inequality49克勞修斯克拉佩龍方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation49控制步驟 control step50庫侖計(jì) coulometer50擴(kuò)散控制 diffusion controlled50拉斯方程 Laplaces equation50拉烏爾

31、定律 Raoult law50蘭格繆爾欣謝爾伍德機(jī)理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism50雷利公式 Rayleigh equation50蘭格繆爾吸附等溫式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula50冷凍系數(shù) coefficient of refrigeration50冷卻曲線 cooling curve51離解熱 heat of dissociation51離解dissociation pressure51離域子系統(tǒng) non-localized particle systems51離子的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成焓 standard molar

32、 formation of ion51離子的電遷移率 mobility of ions51離子的遷移數(shù) transport number of ions51離子運(yùn)動(dòng)定律 law of the independent migration of ions51離子氛 ionic atmosphere51離子強(qiáng)度 ionic strength51理想混合物 perfect mixture52理想氣體 ideal gas52理想氣體的絕熱指數(shù) adiabatic index of ideal gases52理想氣體的微觀模型 micro-model of ideal gas52理想氣體反應(yīng)的等溫方程 i

33、sothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions52理想氣體絕熱可逆過程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases52理想氣體狀態(tài)方程 state equation of ideal gas52理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution52理想液態(tài)混合物 perfect liquid mixture52粒子 particles52粒子的配分函數(shù) partition function of particles53連串反應(yīng) consecutive reactions53鏈的傳遞

34、物 chain carrier53鏈反應(yīng) chain reactions53量熱熵 calorimetric entropy53量子統(tǒng)計(jì)量子效率臨界參數(shù)臨界常數(shù)quantum statistics53quantum yield53critical parameter53critical constant53臨界點(diǎn) critical point53臨界膠束濃度 critical micelle concentration53臨界摩爾體積 critical molar volume54臨界溫度臨界臨界狀態(tài)零級反應(yīng)電勢critical temperature54critical pressure54

35、critical state54zero order reaction54streaming potential54功 flow work54籠罩效應(yīng) cage effect54路易斯蘭德爾逸度規(guī)則 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity54dew point54線 dew point line54麥克斯韋關(guān)系式 Maxwell relations55麥克斯韋速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds55麥克斯韋能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy55毛細(xì)管凝結(jié) condensation in capillary

36、55毛細(xì)現(xiàn)象 capillary phenomena55米凱利斯常數(shù) Michaelis constant55摩爾電導(dǎo)率摩爾反應(yīng)焓摩爾混合熵molar conductivity56molar reaction enthalpy56mole entropy of mixing56摩爾氣體常數(shù) molar gas constant56摩爾熱容 molar heat capacity56摩爾溶解焓摩爾稀釋焓內(nèi)擴(kuò)散控制mole dissolution enthalpy56mole dilution enthalpy56internal diffusions control56內(nèi)能 internal e

37、nergy56內(nèi)internal pressure56能級 energy levels56能級分布 energy level distribution57能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy57能斯特方程 Nernst equation57能斯特?zé)岫ɡ?Nernst heat theorem57凝固點(diǎn) freezing point57凝固點(diǎn)降低 lowering of freezing point57凝固點(diǎn)曲線 freezing point curve58凝膠 gelatin58凝聚態(tài) condensed state58凝聚相 cond

38、ensed phase58濃差超電勢 concentration over-potential58濃差極化 concentration polarization58濃差電池 concentration cells58帕斯卡 pascal58泡點(diǎn) bubble point58泡點(diǎn)線 bubble point line58配分函數(shù) partition function58配分函數(shù)的析因子性質(zhì) property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for ea

39、ch kind of state58碰撞截面 collision cross section59碰撞數(shù) the number of collisions59偏摩爾量 partial mole quantities59平衡常數(shù)（理想氣體反應(yīng)） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases59平動(dòng)配分函數(shù) partition function of translation59平衡分布 equilibrium distribution59平衡態(tài) equilibrium state60平衡態(tài)近似法 equilibrium state approx

40、imation60平衡狀態(tài)圖 equilibrium state diagram60平均活度 mean activity60平均活度系統(tǒng) mean activity coefficient60平均摩爾熱容 mean molar heat capacity60平均質(zhì)量摩爾濃度 mean mass molarity60平均自由程 mean free path60平行反應(yīng) parallel reactions61破乳 demulsification61鋪展 spreading61普遍化范德華方程 universal van der Waals equation61其它功氣化熱氣溶膠the other

41、 work61heat of vaporization61aerosol61氣體常數(shù) gas constant61氣體氣體運(yùn)動(dòng)論 kinetic theory of gases61運(yùn)動(dòng)論的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases62氣溶膠氣相線遷移數(shù)aerosol62vapor line62transport number62潛熱 latent heat62強(qiáng)度量 intensive quantity62強(qiáng)度性質(zhì) intensive property62親液溶膠 hydrophilic sol62氫電極 hydrogen ele

42、ctrodes62區(qū)域熔化 zone melting62熱 heat62熱heat explosion62熱泵 heat pump63熱功當(dāng)量 mechanical equivalent of heat63熱函 heat content63熱化學(xué) thermochemistry63熱化學(xué)方程 thermochemical equation63熱機(jī) heat engine63熱機(jī)效率 efficiency of heat engine63熱力學(xué) thermodynamics63熱力學(xué)第二定律熱力學(xué)第三定律熱力學(xué)第一定律熱力學(xué)基本方程the second law of thermodynamics

43、63the third law of thermodynamics63the first law of thermodynamics63fundamental equation of thermodynamics64熱力學(xué)幾率 thermodynamic probability64熱力學(xué)能 thermodynamic energy64熱力學(xué)特性函數(shù) characteristic thermodynamic function64熱力學(xué)溫標(biāo) thermodynamic scale of temperature64熱力學(xué)溫度 thermodynamic temperature64熱熵 thermal

44、 entropy64熱效應(yīng) heat effect64熔點(diǎn)曲線 melting point curve64熔化熱 heat of fusion64溶膠 colloidal sol65溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy65溶液 solution65溶脹 swelling65乳化劑 emulsifier65乳狀液 emulsion65潤濕 wetting65潤濕角 wetting angle65薩克爾泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation66三相點(diǎn) triple point66三相平衡線 triple-phase line66熵 entropy66熵判據(jù) ent

45、ropy criterion66熵增原理 principle of entropy increase66滲透壓 osmotic pressure66滲析法 dialytic process67生成反應(yīng) formation reaction67升華熱 heat of sublimation67實(shí)際氣體 real gas67舒爾采哈迪規(guī)則 Schulze-Hardy rule67松馳力 relaxation force67松馳時(shí)間速度常數(shù)速率方程time of relaxation67reaction rate constant67rate equations67速率控制步驟 rate deter

46、mining step68塔費(fèi)爾公式 Tafel equation68態(tài)態(tài)反應(yīng) state-state reactions68唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium68淌度 mobility68特魯頓規(guī)則 Trouton rule68特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity68體積功 volume work68統(tǒng)計(jì)權(quán)重 statistical weight68統(tǒng)計(jì)熱力學(xué) statistic thermodynamics68統(tǒng)計(jì)熵 statistic entropy68途徑 path68途徑函數(shù) path function69外擴(kuò)散控制 external diffusion co

47、ntrol69完美晶體 perfect crystalline69完全氣體 perfect gas69微觀狀態(tài) microstate69微態(tài) microstate69韋斯頓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電池 Weston standard battery69維恩效應(yīng)維里方程維里系數(shù)穩(wěn)流過程Wien effect69virial equation69virial coefficient69steady flow process69穩(wěn)態(tài)近似法 stationary state approximation69無熱溶液 athermal solution70無限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of ext

48、reme dilution70物理化學(xué) Physical Chemistry70物理吸附 physisorptions70吸附 adsorption70吸附等量線吸附等溫線吸附等壓線adsorption isostere70adsorption isotherm70adsorption isobar70吸附劑吸附量吸附熱吸附質(zhì)adsorbent70extent of adsorption70heat of adsorption70adsorbate70析出電勢 evolution or deposition potential71稀溶液的依數(shù)性 colligative properties o

49、f dilute solutions71稀釋焓 dilution enthalpy71系統(tǒng) system71系統(tǒng)點(diǎn) system point71系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境 environment of system71相 phase71相變 phase change71相變焓相變化相變熱enthalpy of phase change71phase change71heat of phase change71相點(diǎn) phase point71相對揮發(fā)度 relative volatility72相對粘度 relative viscosity72相律 phase rule72相平衡熱容 heat capacity

50、 in phase equilibrium72相圖 phase diagram72相倚子系統(tǒng) system of dependent particles72懸浮液 suspension72循環(huán)過程 cyclic process72商 pressure quotient72壓縮因子 compressibility factor73壓縮因子圖 diagram of compressibility factor73亞穩(wěn)狀態(tài) metastable state73鹽橋鹽析陽極salt bridge73salting out73anode73楊氏方程 Youngs equation73液體接界電勢 liq

51、uid junction potential73液相線 liquid phase lines73一級反應(yīng) first order reaction73一級相變 first order phase change74依時(shí)計(jì)量學(xué)反應(yīng) time dependent stoichiometric reactions74逸度 fugacity74逸度系數(shù) coefficient of fugacity74陰極熒光永cathode75fluorescence75perpetual motion machine75氣體 Permanent gas75有效能 available energy75原電池 prim

52、ary cell75原鹽效應(yīng)增比粘度憎液溶膠salt effect75specific viscosity75lyophobic sol75沾濕 adhesional wetting75沾濕功 the work of adhesional wetting75真溶液 true solution76真實(shí)電解質(zhì) real electrolyte76真實(shí)氣體 real gas76真實(shí)遷移數(shù) true transference number76振動(dòng)配分函數(shù) partition function of vibration76振動(dòng)特征溫度 characteristic temperature of vibr

53、ation76蒸氣壓下降 depression of vapor pressure76正常沸點(diǎn) normal point76正吸附 positive adsorption76支鏈反應(yīng)直鏈反應(yīng)指前因子branched chain reactions76straight chain reactions77pre-exponential factor77質(zhì)量作用定律 mass action law77制冷系數(shù) coefficient of refrigeration77中和熱 heat of neutralization77軸功 shaft work77轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)配分函數(shù) partition functio