英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作

1、 TEM 4 Writing n 2010年年TEM試卷試卷nPart VI WRITING (45MIN)nSection A COMPOSITION (35MIN)n It was recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week. And each of them paid her 60 Yuan a month. This has led to a

2、 heated debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners.nWrite on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: nShould College Students Hire Cleaners?nYou are to write in three parts.nIn the first part, state clearly what your view is.nIn the second part, su

3、pport your view with appropriate reasons.nIn the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.nMarks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction may result in a loss of marks.專四作文要求專四作文要求專四作文要求：根據(jù)所給作文題目、提綱、專

4、四作文要求：根據(jù)所給作文題目、提綱、數(shù)據(jù)等，數(shù)據(jù)等，在在35分鐘內(nèi)寫分鐘內(nèi)寫200單詞的左右的作單詞的左右的作文，分值文，分值15分分，要求：切題、完整、條理清，要求：切題、完整、條理清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)言通順、表達(dá)楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)言通順、表達(dá)得體。體裁為得體。體裁為議論文、說明文議論文、說明文（記敘文、描（記敘文、描寫文沒有考過但不能排除）。寫文沒有考過但不能排除）。一、一、分析往屆真題，判斷作文命題方式分析往屆真題，判斷作文命題方式 年份 主題或題目 題材 體裁 題型1995大學(xué)生打工利與弊 學(xué)生業(yè)余生活 議論文 利弊比較1996大學(xué)生活與中學(xué)生活的不同 學(xué)生生活 說明文

5、 對(duì)比說明1997專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)壓力利或弊 學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí) 議論文 觀點(diǎn)議論1998一種解決城市空氣污染的辦法 環(huán)境 說明文 提出建議1999電視廣告的利或弊 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象 議論文 利弊討論2000課外活動(dòng)的重要性 學(xué)生生活 說明文 觀點(diǎn)說明2001旅游開闊視野 大眾生活 說明文 觀點(diǎn)說明2002保持健康的最好辦法 大眾生活 說明文 提出建議2003保持好心情的重要性 大眾生活 說明文 觀點(diǎn)說明2004電話是否會(huì)代替寫信？ 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象 議論文 觀點(diǎn)議論2005為藝術(shù)節(jié)提建議 校園文化生活 說明文 提出建議2006攢錢/還是花明天的錢 大眾生活 議論文 觀點(diǎn)議論2007網(wǎng)上交友理智嗎 學(xué)生業(yè)余生活 議論文 觀點(diǎn)議

6、論2008做志愿者的好處 學(xué)生業(yè)余生活 說明文 觀點(diǎn)議論2009旅游傷害環(huán)境嗎 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象 議論文 觀點(diǎn)議論2010大學(xué)生聘用清潔工嗎 學(xué)生業(yè)余生活 議論文 觀點(diǎn)議論2011 私有車能交污染稅嗎？ 大眾生活 議論文 觀點(diǎn)議論2012 端午節(jié) 大眾生活 說明文 說明介紹2013 節(jié)約花錢 大眾生活 議論文 說明觀點(diǎn)2014 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生學(xué)數(shù)學(xué) 大學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè) 議論文 觀點(diǎn)議論 n二、專業(yè)四級(jí)二、專業(yè)四級(jí)命題的特點(diǎn)命題的特點(diǎn)* 題材題材常常涉及到學(xué)生生活學(xué)生生活，如學(xué)習(xí)、文化、課外活動(dòng)、文化藝術(shù)節(jié)等，大眾生活如身體健康的方法、心情愉快的重要性和旅游的作用等，一些社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題和現(xiàn)象，如網(wǎng)絡(luò)、環(huán)境、科技的負(fù)

7、面影響和私家車等話題。*體裁體裁以說明文說明文和議論文議論文為主，有時(shí)會(huì)有二者的配合使用。如“保持好心情的重要性”，首先要闡述出幾個(gè)重要性，屬于說明文；然后在分析為什么要那樣做，屬于議論文。因此有的作文以說明文為主，有的以議論文為主。 *題型題型n1）比較選擇類作文1995，1996，1999，n2）意義、重要性、危害性說明類作文2000，2001，2003，2006，2008, n3）觀點(diǎn)論證類作文1997，2002，2004，2007，2009，2010， 2011 n4）提出建議、解決問題類作文1998，2005。三、三、寫作步驟寫作步驟1.審清指令審清指令 理解指令是寫作考試至關(guān)重要的

8、環(huán)節(jié),因?yàn)橹噶畎藢?duì)作文主題、發(fā)展方式等方面的要求。例 The Best Way to Stay Healthy審題關(guān)鍵：the BEST way - doing exercises? -keeping a balanced diet ? - having enough sleep? 2. 列出寫作提綱寫作提綱 將主題思想具體化、條理化。n理清思路，使文章有章可循，有理可依。n保證不跑題, 有利于整體布局。n短語(yǔ)句子均可，自己看得懂即可。例 The Best Way to Stay Healthythe BEST way - doing exercisesREASONS: 1. physic

9、ally strong (lung, heart, blood circulation ) 2. Help to improve appetite 3. Help to release pressure-relaxation4. Help to build confidence ( by race, competition)-mentally strong conclusion3.確定主題句確定主題句：主題句是確保不跑題的前提。寫主題句最保險(xiǎn)的方法就是將考試提示中的關(guān)鍵句，甚至標(biāo)題加以靈活應(yīng)用，考生可以直接把它擴(kuò)充為主題句topic sentence。 4.安排結(jié)構(gòu)安排結(jié)構(gòu) 指令對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有

10、規(guī)定：第一段明確觀點(diǎn)（簡(jiǎn)單導(dǎo)入和主題思想句）；第二段提供理由和事例（主題句和有說服力的細(xì)節(jié)和事件-一定是具體的例子和事件，不要空虛的套話）；第三段歸納總結(jié)（使用表示總結(jié)的詞匯或詞組，不要引出新觀點(diǎn)）。5.草稿寫作草稿寫作 按照擬訂的提綱進(jìn)行充實(shí)，補(bǔ)充必要的細(xì)節(jié)。在打草稿的過程中可以不局限于提綱，任意發(fā)揮。以提綱為指導(dǎo)，對(duì)主題思想整體布局，通盤考慮?？梢詫?duì)提綱進(jìn)行調(diào)整和修改。6.適當(dāng)修改適當(dāng)修改 主題思想明確，文章不偏題； 細(xì)節(jié)與主題密切相關(guān)； 句子和段落間的銜接； 文章無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)、拼寫、大小寫和語(yǔ)法方面的錯(cuò)誤。四四. 段落的寫法段落的寫法句子分布：n按照專業(yè)四級(jí)作文的要求，在35分鐘寫一篇200左

11、右的短文，因此全文只能有13-14個(gè)句子，其中引言段3，4，3句，正文段8，7，7句，結(jié)語(yǔ)段3，3，4句即可。四四. 開頭的寫法開頭的寫法n開頭利用指令改寫 In this fast-paced society, people are confronted with stress in a variety of directions like education, career or family. Therefore, to keep a good mood is of great significance to fight against pressure from all aspects

12、 of life. n開頭開門見山The importance of keeping a good mood can never be overstated. I have the following reasons to support this statement.n 開頭開頭名言、數(shù)據(jù)等名言、數(shù)據(jù)等+觀點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn) 避免寫作的主觀性，可以在作文中出現(xiàn)別人的聲音：避免寫作的主觀性，可以在作文中出現(xiàn)別人的聲音：1. 如數(shù)據(jù)（According to a recent poll, 61percent of American high school students have admitted che

13、ating on exams at least once.）、2. 別人的話（My teacher often said that you cant tell a book by its cover. ）、3. 名人的至理名言（ “Love makes all hard hearts gentle” by George Herbert）、4. 諺語(yǔ)（A friend in need is a friend indeed.）名言都有固定的句式，不確信最好不用。名言都有固定的句式，不確信最好不用。Hobbies are the best teacher. n開頭開頭提問：注意人稱的變換提問：注意人

14、稱的變換-we, you, it? Are you in a good mood today? Do you take a good mood as an important part of your life? Definitely, the importance of a good mood can never be overstressed. The following reasons can account for why a good mood is so important. Firstly, a good can help us .五、中間段五、中間段/主體段的寫法主體段的寫法n

15、中間段要有主題句主題句（topic sentence) 主旨句是針對(duì)全篇文章，是全文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，并依靠全文的段落支持。因此應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在開頭段里。 主題句是對(duì)整個(gè)段落而言，它是段落思想的概括，并靠整個(gè)段落中的例子、細(xì)節(jié)等來(lái)支持、開展。Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence1）Topic sentence should be a complete sentence with a complete meaning. Many items to be ready for a safe, enjoyable hike.I need many items to be rea

16、dy for a safe, enjoyable hike. nTopic sentence should not be too general and should be clear in meaning. Television is very important. Television plays an educational role in daily life.3) Topic sentence should have practical content. (主題句內(nèi)容必須具體。主題句內(nèi)容必須具體。)To improve reading ability, one needs to ac

17、quire some reading skills. To improve English proficiency, one need to acquire some skills. 4) Topic sentence should not be a specific description. (描寫細(xì)節(jié)的句子不能作主題句。描寫細(xì)節(jié)的句子不能作主題句。) 1. He sent his wife a diamond ring on her thirtieth birthday. 2. They moved to a new apartment last month. 3. He encounte

18、red an old friend yesterday.n5) Topic sentence: topic + controlling ideanBefore writing any essay or even a paragraph, it is important to think: - the topic - what you want to say about the topic (controlling idea). People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions. Topic: avoid burglaries C

19、ontrolling idea: by taking certain precautionsThere are several advantages to growing up in a small town. Topic: growing up in a small town Controlling idea: several advantagesMost US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons. Topic: Most US score Controlling idea: for a n

20、umber of reasons requirements: 1. Topic sentence should be complete sentences.2. Topic sentence should not be too general and should be clear in meaning. 3. Topic sentence should have practical content. 4. Topic sentence should not be a specific description. 5. Topic sentence includes: topic + contr

21、olling idea.Practice: write at least two topic sentences for the following topicsnFirecrackers should be banned.nReduce waste on campus.nHow I finance my college education.nTourism brings harm to the environment.nI prefer living in rural areas to living in urban areas. nFirecrackers should be banned

22、. Firecrackers form a potential cause for fire accidents. Firecrackers may cause injuries to both the people who set them off and the innocent bystanders. Firecrackers pollute air. Firecrackers are a waste of money and resources.nReduce waste on campus.Try to avoid using disposable/ throwaway tablew

23、are.If we are the last one to leave the dorm or classroom, remember to turn off the lights.nHow I finance my college education. I can ask my parents for help if they have nice careers. With the help of my teacher, I can apply for a loan especially provided for college students by the state. I can al

24、so do a part-time job to make some money.nTourism brings harm to the environment. In the process of exploiting a scenic spot, the construction of artificial facilities will have certain unfavorable effects on the environment. Some tourists dont have the awareness to protect the environment, and dest

25、roy the environment.nI prefer living in rural areas to living in urban areas. Living in a rural area keeps me away from all kinds of pollution. Living in a rural area, I will have less working pressure. Living in a rural area, I enjoy more harmonious interpersonal relationships.細(xì)節(jié)的展開細(xì)節(jié)的展開n表示不同關(guān)系的連接詞

26、匯，如:n1） 時(shí)間（to begin with, moreover, finally; first of all, next, then, eventually; first, second, third）n2） 因果(owing to, due to, in this way, as a result, for this reason, consequently, accordingly )n3）比較、對(duì)比(unlike, in contrast, on the contrary, similarly, in the same way, in like manner, just as, w

27、hereas, in spite of )細(xì)節(jié)的展開細(xì)節(jié)的展開n4） 附加 (besides, not only but also, apart from, furthermore )n5）遞進(jìn)(furthermore, moreover, equally important, last but not least, additionally, likewise, as well as, besides)n6）舉例a case in point, to illustrate, take for example, as follows, as an illustration, just as)n

28、7）讓步(in spite of, regardless of, even though, whereas)n8）轉(zhuǎn)折(on the other side, on the contrary, nevertheless)n9）解釋、同位( roughly means, in other words, assuggests, as regards, as for, in terms of, that is to say, with regard to )n10）選擇(or rather, rather than, not but, whetheror, alternately, neitherno

29、r, either. Or)n11）總結(jié)(all in all, in short, as has been mentioned, to conclude, in conclusion, in summary, on the whole)We can draw the conclusion from what we have talked aboutPersonally, I For these reasonsAccording to the above analysis, we can arrive at the conclusion that等連詞，如能恰當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用在作文中，會(huì)增加連貫性，使

30、句子地道流暢。七 范文賞析n怎樣利用范文背范文：n不同類型各背一遍， 背熟 （背不熟與不背是一樣的） 熟到可以默寫下來(lái) （10-15分鐘） 對(duì)照原文找錯(cuò)誤，即弱點(diǎn)（拼寫、語(yǔ)法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)，時(shí)態(tài)等）背后要有意識(shí)用，即仿寫，背誦的表達(dá)用得越多越好堅(jiān)持此種方法練筆，必會(huì)有所收獲Should College Students Hire Cleaners?nAccording to a recent report, six university students hired cleaners to clean their dorm and do their laundry every week. Althou

31、gh we have no right to tell them what to do with their money, as a university student myself, I find this practice absurd. (第一段必須提出觀點(diǎn)第一段必須提出觀點(diǎn))nFor a start, away from our parents, it is in university that we learn to be independent adults. Cleaning the room and doing ones laundry are the most basic

32、living skills. If we always depend on others to take care of us, how can we survive when there is no one to help us? How can we take on any responsibility when we step into society?nFor another, the practice reflects their flippant attitude towards money. The money they paid for the cleaners probabl

33、y comes from their parents, who must be very depressed once they know the truth. It also sets a very bad precedent on campus. Other students may follow suit to show the wealth of their families; or worse, they tend to think money can buy them anything in this world, which obviously is wrong.nAll in

34、all, I think we must do away with this practice. Otherwise, we may never appreciate the good value of money and an independent way of life. The better and sooner we can take care of ourselves, the more proud our parents will be.(2)The Benefits of VolunteeringnDirections: December 5th is Internationa

35、l Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the dpecial day, tens of millions of people around the world have volunteered to help those in need. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering? (注意審題，注意審題， who are YOU here?)nVolunteering means being willing to help people in need and make contributions to society for no financial rewards. Needless to say, volunteering is of tremendous benefits to both those in need and the socie