選修8第二單元語(yǔ)法教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、選修8第二單元語(yǔ)法同位語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：同位語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：(1) 名詞名詞 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代詞代詞 I myself will do the experiment.(3) 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 She is the oldest among them six.(4) 名詞詞組名詞詞組Mr Smith, a football fan, often watches football games on TV.(5)從句從句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告訴我

2、飛機(jī)爆炸的消息。他告訴我飛機(jī)爆炸的消息。同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句the Appositive clause(1) 同位語(yǔ)從句的定義同位語(yǔ)從句的定義 在復(fù)合句中用作在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用。的一種。它在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用。語(yǔ)法精解語(yǔ)法精解( (二二) )它一般放在它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名等名詞的后面詞

3、的后面, 對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋釋, 說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體含義說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)同。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞有連詞位語(yǔ)從句的詞有連詞that, 連接副詞，連接副詞，連接代詞連接代詞how, when, where, whether, what等。等。 同位語(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式同位語(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式: 由由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is unbelievable.The news that he has been elected president of the United S

4、tates is true. 由由whether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) I have no idea when they will go. 有時(shí)可用有時(shí)可用 namely (即即), that is to say (也就是說(shuō)也就是說(shuō)), in other words (換句話說(shuō)換句話說(shuō)), that is (那就是那就是), for example 等引出同位語(yǔ)等引出同位語(yǔ), 說(shuō)明其說(shuō)明其前面的名詞或代詞。有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)前面的名詞或代詞

5、。有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。 He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它和名詞隔開(kāi)：和名詞隔

6、開(kāi)：注意注意: The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別: 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句在使用中常?；煜徽Z(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句在使用中常常混淆,我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面區(qū)別它們我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面區(qū)別它們: 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的名詞大都是說(shuō)明的名詞大都是抽象名詞抽象名詞; 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽有抽象的也有不抽象的象的也有不抽象的。We expre

7、ss the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句)Those who want to go please sign their names here.(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句) 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句所說(shuō)明的名詞與從句沒(méi)有邏所說(shuō)明的名詞與從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系輯關(guān)系； 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。The news that they won the match is true.(同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句, news和從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)

8、系和從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句, news是是told的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ))The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句, order和從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)和從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系系)The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句, day是是founded 的邏輯狀語(yǔ)的邏輯狀語(yǔ))引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略; 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

9、的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴？墒÷?。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting.同位語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句與名名詞一般可變成一個(gè)完整詞一般可變成一個(gè)完整句子句子, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用be的不同形式的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)表語(yǔ)從句此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)表語(yǔ)從句: The news was that their team

10、had won.練習(xí)練習(xí)1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面兩個(gè)句子連成一個(gè)含同位語(yǔ)從把下面兩個(gè)句子連成一個(gè)含同位語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句句的復(fù)合句。2. The Queen of England was on a four-

11、day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.3. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much tim

12、e online.4. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.用名詞性從句完成下列句子。用名詞性從句完成下列句子。5. The news _ _ (她通過(guò)了高考她通過(guò)了高考) is exciting.6. Mike made a promise _ _ (他將幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)他將幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ))th

13、at she has passed the national college entrance examination that he would help me with my English.指出劃線部分是什么從句。指出劃線部分是什么從句。7. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is known to us.8. The continent(大陸大陸) that consists of two countries is developing very fast.(同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句)(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句)9.

14、 The news that the plane will take off on time makes everybody happy.10. The news that is spreading around the country is that a heavy storm is coming.(同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句)(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句, 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句)11. The suggestion that we should learn something practical is worth considering.(同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接代詞或

15、連接副詞填空。12. I cant decide _ book I should buy.13. China is no longer _ it used to be.14. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.15. _ we need is more money.which what how What16. The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.17. _ and _ we will meet has not

16、 been decided yet.thatWhenwhere1.填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，并判斷是定語(yǔ)從句填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，并判斷是定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句：還是同位語(yǔ)從句： 1) The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all. 2) We were surprised by the fact _ she told us. 3) The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.that同同that/which定定that定定測(cè)試性評(píng)測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)價(jià)4) Word came _ our army had won the battle.5) The president has given an order_ everyone in the country should prepare for the war.6) Weve just heard a warning on the radio