中譯英技巧-否定句翻譯

1、否定句翻譯譯漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)否定謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)，英譯時(shí)譯時(shí)否定主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)物質(zhì)質(zhì)必須運(yùn)動(dòng)須運(yùn)動(dòng)，否則則就沒(méi)沒(méi)有做功。Matter must move, or no work is done.如果沒(méi)沒(méi)有太陽(yáng)陽(yáng)，什么么都不能生存。Without the sun, nothing could live. 這這里周?chē)鷩?，無(wú)論論是蒼蠅還蒼蠅還是蚊子，一只也找不到。 Not a fly nor a mosquito was found around here. 在這這些電電路中沒(méi)沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何缺陷。 No defects have been found in these circuits.謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)否定轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移至狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)否定中

2、國(guó)在任何時(shí)間和任何情況下都不會(huì)首先使用中國(guó)在任何時(shí)間和任何情況下都不會(huì)首先使用核武器。核武器。At no time and under no circumstances At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.weapons.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)否定轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移至謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)4.4. 有時(shí)孩子們下棋并不全是為了娛樂(lè)。有時(shí)孩子們下棋并不全是為了娛樂(lè)。Sometimes the children dont play

3、 Sometimes the children dont play chess for amusement.chess for amusement.在含目的狀語(yǔ)的否定句中，有時(shí)在含目的狀語(yǔ)的否定句中，有時(shí)not not 并不并不否定其后的動(dòng)詞，而是否定句中的目的否定其后的動(dòng)詞，而是否定句中的目的狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)延續(xù)否定延續(xù)否定 從前線回來(lái)的人說(shuō)起白求恩，沒(méi)有一個(gè)從前線回來(lái)的人說(shuō)起白求恩，沒(méi)有一個(gè)不佩服，沒(méi)有一個(gè)不為他的精神所感不佩服，沒(méi)有一個(gè)不為他的精神所感動(dòng)。動(dòng)。 No one who returned from the front No one who returned from the fron

4、t failed to express admiration for failed to express admiration for Bethune whenever his name was Bethune whenever his name was mentioned, and none remained mentioned, and none remained unmoved by his action.unmoved by his action. 這頭大象不像一堵墻，不像長(zhǎng)矛，不像這頭大象不像一堵墻，不像長(zhǎng)矛，不像蛇，不像樹(shù)也不像扇子。蛇，不像樹(shù)也不像扇子。 The elephant

5、 isnt like a wall or The elephant isnt like a wall or a spear, or a snake, or a tree, a spear, or a snake, or a tree, neither is he like a fan.neither is he like a fan. 解放前，他是個(gè)趕大車(chē)的，連自己的生解放前，他是個(gè)趕大車(chē)的，連自己的生活都難以維持，更不用說(shuō)養(yǎng)家了。活都難以維持，更不用說(shuō)養(yǎng)家了。 Before liberation he was a cart-Before liberation he was a cart-dr

6、iver who could hardly keep body driver who could hardly keep body and soul together, let alone and soul together, let alone support his family.support his family. 那時(shí)，我們連電腦都沒(méi)有，更不用說(shuō)電那時(shí)，我們連電腦都沒(méi)有，更不用說(shuō)電子郵件和因特網(wǎng)了。子郵件和因特網(wǎng)了。 At that time we didnt have At that time we didnt have computers, to say nothing of e

7、-mail computers, to say nothing of e-mail and internet.and internet.雙重否定句 巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊。巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊。 You cant make something out of You cant make something out of nothing.nothing. 我們學(xué)校幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。我們學(xué)校幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 Few students in our college cannot speak Few students in our college cannot speak English.Engli

8、sh. 對(duì)于會(huì)議的結(jié)果對(duì)于會(huì)議的結(jié)果, , 我們是有準(zhǔn)備的。我們是有準(zhǔn)備的。 We are not unprepared for the We are not unprepared for the outcome of the conference.outcome of the conference. 必要時(shí)我們定會(huì)幫助你。必要時(shí)我們定會(huì)幫助你。We shall not fail to help you We shall not fail to help you when necessary. when necessary. 漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)肯定形式譯譯成英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)否定形式 這些細(xì)菌要再溫度達(dá)到一百攝氏度

9、這些細(xì)菌要再溫度達(dá)到一百攝氏度時(shí)才會(huì)死亡。時(shí)才會(huì)死亡。 These bacteria will not die These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches until the temperature reaches 100.100. 所有機(jī)器在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)都要損失能量所有機(jī)器在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)都要損失能量 There is no machine but will There is no machine but will lose energy when in motion.lose energy when in motion.漢語(yǔ)雙漢語(yǔ)雙

10、重否定英譯雙譯雙重否定 沒(méi)沒(méi)有足夠夠的加速度，地球衛(wèi)衛(wèi)星是不能進(jìn)進(jìn)入太空的。 The earth satellite would not get into space without enough acceleration. 沒(méi)沒(méi)有科學(xué)學(xué)技術(shù)術(shù)知識(shí)識(shí)要建設(shè)設(shè)社會(huì)會(huì)主義義是不可能的。 Without knowledge of science and technology it is impossible to build socialism.含否定意義義的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞( (詞組詞組) : ) : 英語(yǔ)中有不少動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中有不少動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組詞組, , 形式肯定形式肯定, ,卻暗含否定概

11、念卻暗含否定概念, , 所以漢所以漢譯時(shí)用反譯法譯成否定句。常見(jiàn)的有譯時(shí)用反譯法譯成否定句。常見(jiàn)的有: : fail, forbid, forget, deny, hesitate, fail, forbid, forget, deny, hesitate, lack, wonder, miss, lose, neglect, lack, wonder, miss, lose, neglect, ignore, escape, resist, decline, ignore, escape, resist, decline, doubt, reject, deprive, refrain, d

12、oubt, reject, deprive, refrain, free/keep/save/protect/prevent/stop/ free/keep/save/protect/prevent/stop/ persuade persuade from , from , 那部車(chē)無(wú)法爬上那個(gè)山坡。那部車(chē)無(wú)法爬上那個(gè)山坡。 The car failed to climb the hill.The car failed to climb the hill. 他們不準(zhǔn)這陌生人進(jìn)入室內(nèi)。他們不準(zhǔn)這陌生人進(jìn)入室內(nèi)。 They excluded the stranger from They exclud

13、ed the stranger from entering the room.entering the room. 你沒(méi)有射中靶子。你沒(méi)有射中靶子。 You have just missed the target.You have just missed the target. 公共場(chǎng)合請(qǐng)勿吐痰。公共場(chǎng)合請(qǐng)勿吐痰。 Please refrain from spitting in the Please refrain from spitting in the public places.public places. 下雨了，他沒(méi)法出去。下雨了，他沒(méi)法出去。 Rain prevented him

14、from going out.Rain prevented him from going out. 欺騙與他的本質(zhì)格格不入。欺騙與他的本質(zhì)格格不入。 Deception is foreign to his nature.Deception is foreign to his nature. 他所做的事沒(méi)有達(dá)到要求。他所做的事沒(méi)有達(dá)到要求。 What he has done falls short of the What he has done falls short of the requirements. requirements. 含否定意義義的形容詞詞 形容詞形容詞( (詞組詞組) :

15、) : 英語(yǔ)中有不少形容詞英語(yǔ)中有不少形容詞( (詞詞組組) , ) , 肯定的形式暗含著否定概念肯定的形式暗含著否定概念, , 漢譯漢譯時(shí)用反譯法譯成否定句。常見(jiàn)的有時(shí)用反譯法譯成否定句。常見(jiàn)的有absent absent (from ) , empty of, free, far from , (from ) , empty of, free, far from , ignorant of, innocent, different ignorant of, innocent, different (from ) , least, lost, reluctant, (from ) , lea

16、st, lost, reluctant, short of, vacant, hard, devoid of, short of, vacant, hard, devoid of, other than, foreign to other than, foreign to 等。等。 他是個(gè)寡言少語(yǔ)的人。他是個(gè)寡言少語(yǔ)的人。 He is a man of few words.He is a man of few words. 這地方?jīng)]有天花和瘟疫。這地方?jīng)]有天花和瘟疫。 The place is safe from smallpox and The place is safe from smal

17、lpox and plague.plague. 他不懂拉丁文。他不懂拉丁文。 He is quite ignorant of Latin.He is quite ignorant of Latin. 一些固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)一些固定句型結(jié)構(gòu): 1) : 1) 形容詞形容詞( (副詞副詞) ) 的的比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+ than to do + than to do 結(jié)構(gòu)在某些條件下結(jié)構(gòu)在某些條件下蘊(yùn)含著一種因果關(guān)系。當(dāng)比較級(jí)表示原因蘊(yùn)含著一種因果關(guān)系。當(dāng)比較級(jí)表示原因, , than than 后的不定式表示結(jié)果則含有強(qiáng)烈的后的不定式表示結(jié)果則含有強(qiáng)烈的否定意思。否定意思。 你英語(yǔ)掌握得這么好你英語(yǔ)掌握得這

18、么好, , 不該犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤不該犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤 You have a better command of English You have a better command of English than to make such mistakes. than to make such mistakes. 2) more than+ 2) more than+ 含有含有can can 的從句這種結(jié)構(gòu)的從句這種結(jié)構(gòu)表面是超出限度表面是超出限度, , 實(shí)際上是一種力所不實(shí)際上是一種力所不能及的否定能及的否定, , 譯為譯為“不能不能”。那地方景色之美非筆墨所能形容。那地方景色之美非筆墨所能形容。 T

19、he beauty of the place is more than The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. I can describe. 3) be + anything but+ 3) be + anything but+ 名詞名詞/ /形容詞該結(jié)形容詞該結(jié)構(gòu)是一種語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)的否定表達(dá)方式構(gòu)是一種語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)的否定表達(dá)方式, , 譯譯為為“根本不是根本不是”、“一點(diǎn)也不一點(diǎn)也不”。這項(xiàng)任務(wù)根本不容易這項(xiàng)任務(wù)根本不容易The task was anything but easy. The task was anything bu

20、t easy. 4) 4) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be+ the last+ + be+ the last+ 名詞名詞+ + 不定式不定式/ /定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句此結(jié)構(gòu)是一種強(qiáng)有力的否定方式從句此結(jié)構(gòu)是一種強(qiáng)有力的否定方式, , 意思意思為為“決不至于決不至于 , , 最不最不( (可能可能) ) 的的”。 我怎么也沒(méi)料到會(huì)在這地方見(jiàn)到你我怎么也沒(méi)料到會(huì)在這地方見(jiàn)到你This is the last place where I expected This is the last place where I expected to meet you. to meet you. 5)5)在在“否定詞十否定詞十bu

21、t”but”的結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中, but , but 當(dāng)當(dāng)作關(guān)系代詞用作關(guān)系代詞用, , 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“which/who/that notwhich/who/that not ”, ”, 具有否具有否定含義定含義, , 也構(gòu)成雙重否定句也構(gòu)成雙重否定句 差小多每個(gè)星期她都要給父母信。差小多每個(gè)星期她都要給父母信。 Scarcely a week passes but she Scarcely a week passes but she writes to her parents.writes to her parents. 6) nothing (nobody, now here, none) 6) nothing (nobody, now here, none) so so butbut 無(wú)論無(wú)論 只要只要 就就( (便便) ) ; ; 無(wú)論多么困難的事無(wú)論多么困難的事, , 只要實(shí)踐便會(huì)變得只要實(shí)踐便會(huì)變得容易容易 There is no thing so difficult but There is no thing so difficult but it becomes easy by practice.it becomes easy by practice. 我全然不知道下一步該怎么辦。我全然不知道下一步該怎么辦。 I am quite at a loss what