高三英語(模塊解題方法專題：翻譯考點(diǎn)梳理)全體

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上教師輔導(dǎo)講義年 級(jí)：高三 科 目：英語 課時(shí)數(shù)：3課 題翻譯考點(diǎn)梳理教學(xué)目的掌握翻譯考查重點(diǎn)，熟悉翻譯涉及到的重點(diǎn)句型。教學(xué)內(nèi)容一、考綱考點(diǎn)主要測(cè)試學(xué)生的書面表達(dá)能力。具體考核目標(biāo)為: 能運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)譯出正確通順的句子。二、翻譯相關(guān)考點(diǎn)梳理學(xué)生要準(zhǔn)確無誤地用英語將中文句子的意思表達(dá)出來，關(guān)鍵有以下兩點(diǎn)：、掌握最基本的英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)和各種句型從句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)著手，搭建框架?？吹骄渥?，先確定其是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、還是復(fù)合句。提取句子精華，找到主謂賓，然后再層層修飾。1、簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)例句主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量。主語+不及物動(dòng)詞Mo

2、ney talks. 有錢能使鬼推磨。主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語Every cloud has a silver lining.守得云開見月明。主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語You tell me the truth.同我說實(shí)話。主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語Adversity makes a man wise.逆境使人聰明。2、并列句結(jié)構(gòu)例句簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance is just as had.知識(shí)淺薄是危險(xiǎn)的，無知同樣危險(xiǎn)。簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+副詞+簡(jiǎn)單句He lie

3、d to be the company and therefore (he) was removed from the position.他向公司撒了謊，因此被解雇了。簡(jiǎn)單句+并列副詞+簡(jiǎn)單句You must redoubled your efforts, or youll lag behind. 你必須加倍努力，否則你就要落后。3、復(fù)合句（1）主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)例句關(guān)聯(lián)詞+主語從句+主句（主語以外部分）That practice makes perfect is general relief.“熟能生巧”是共識(shí)。It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句It is true that the colle

4、ge will take in more new students this year.It+be動(dòng)詞+名詞+that從句It is a pity that you should have to leave.你非得離開真是遺憾。It+be動(dòng)詞+said/reported+that從句It is reported that over six students have been stepped to death in the school.It+seems/happens/appears+ that從句It appears that you are wrong.看來你顯然錯(cuò)了。Wh疑問詞引導(dǎo)的主

5、語從句Whats bred in the bone will come out in the flesh.本性難移。（2）賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)例句主語+謂語+賓語從句I dont know if/whether parking is allowed here.主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句My son told me he was going to the USA the next month.主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句We think it possible that he will pass the exam.注意：翻譯賓語從句要注意1. 時(shí)態(tài)，2.語序，3.連接詞。（3）定語

6、從句結(jié)構(gòu)例句先行詞+關(guān)系代詞（who/whom/whose/which/that）+定語從句He who not learn when he is young will regret it when he s old.先行詞+關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）+定語從句There are occasions when one must yield.先行詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）+定語從句The man with whom John shook hands just now is our headmaster.注意：除了上述限制性定語從句之外，還有非限制性定語從句。在非限制

7、性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞which可以修飾前面整個(gè)句子，但不可以位于句首。關(guān)系代詞as既可以位于句首也可以位于整個(gè)主句之后，即逗號(hào)后面。（4）狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)例句時(shí)間狀語從句Where there is a will, there is a way.地點(diǎn)狀語從句Wherever you go, you should work hard.原因狀語從句The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.條件狀語從句You will certainly succeed so l

8、ong as you keep on trying.目的狀語從句The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.讓步狀語從句Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.比較狀語從句Food is to men what oil is to machine.方式狀語從句When in Rome, do as the Roman do.結(jié)果狀語從句Its such a good chance that

9、 we must not miss it程度狀語從句Ill help you as far as I can.（5）表語從句結(jié)構(gòu)例句主語+系動(dòng)詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+表語從句The question is who will not attend the meeting tomorrow.This/That+系動(dòng)詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+表語從句That was how basketball got its name.What/How+主語從句+系動(dòng)詞+關(guān)系連詞+表語從句What delighted us was that we has succeeded in defending our championship.注意

10、： 1、 以suggest, proposal等詞為主語的表語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語氣；2、 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能省略。（6）It引導(dǎo)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)例句It+形容詞+for/of sb.to do sthIt is necessary for a student to study one or more foreign language.It is no use/good doing sthIt is no use crying over split milk.It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who/ whomIt was last Saturday that we went to S

11、hanghai Grand Theater.注意：It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who/ whom句型中，“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分” 如果是地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語，連接詞仍要用that,而不能用where或when。(7)”with+名詞/代詞賓格+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)例句with+名詞/代詞賓格+形容詞I used to sleep with the window open.with+名詞/代詞賓格+副詞Just now she fell asleep with the TV on.with+名詞/代詞賓格+介詞短語At that time a policeman was running after

12、a thief with a club in his hand.with+名詞/代詞賓格+現(xiàn)在分詞He ran and ran with breads of sweat running down his face.with+名詞/代詞賓格+過去分詞The student left the classroom with the doors closed.with+名詞/代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞不定式I cant watch TV with so much homework to do now.(8) There be存在句的結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)例句There+系動(dòng)詞+主語There is no royal road

13、to learning.學(xué)問之道無捷徑。There+（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/半助動(dòng)詞）+beThere used to be a bridge near our school.There+狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞There stand many tall buildings along the Huangpu River.There+表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞There goes the bell.There+be+no+名詞+（in）+動(dòng)名詞There is no good (in) fritening them now.4、各考點(diǎn)在近五年高考翻譯真題中的分布題號(hào)/年份20102009200820072006第一小題簡(jiǎn)單句/主

14、謂+雙賓簡(jiǎn)單句/主系表簡(jiǎn)單句/句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句/主系表/形容詞用法賓語從句/比較級(jí)第二小題簡(jiǎn)單句/主謂賓語從句/比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句/動(dòng)詞用法時(shí)間狀語從句主語從句第三小題簡(jiǎn)單句/主謂賓/現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句/動(dòng)名詞作主語簡(jiǎn)單句/句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句/動(dòng)詞用法/句子結(jié)構(gòu)原因狀語從句第四小題并列句/there be句型+主系表簡(jiǎn)單句/被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句/被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句/動(dòng)詞短語用法/句子結(jié)構(gòu)并列句/主系表第五小題賓語從句/條件狀語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)句/句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句/形容詞用法/現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語讓步狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句/形容詞用法/句子結(jié)構(gòu)第六小題無句子結(jié)構(gòu)/活用讓步狀語從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)/活用倒裝句【教學(xué)策略】由上表可知：近5年高

15、考對(duì)于翻譯的考查重點(diǎn)基本上集中在句式的考查上，老師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生重點(diǎn)突破句式；另外，對(duì)于重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞、形容詞和介詞短語的考查也需要引起注意，老師要監(jiān)督學(xué)生背記相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞、形容詞與短語搭配，并且會(huì)在比較復(fù)雜的句型中靈活運(yùn)用。、注意動(dòng)詞的正確用法1、 動(dòng)詞涉及到時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致，有謂語與非謂語、及物與不及物、延續(xù)性與短暫性、陳述與虛擬之分。翻譯的時(shí)候，需要注意這些中文里少有或者根本沒有的語言特征，靈活運(yùn)用?！镜湫屠}】我國(guó)人口百分之八十以上是農(nóng)民。（percent）【參考答案】Over eight percent of the population of our country are peas

16、ants.【測(cè)量目標(biāo)】能運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)譯出正確通順的句子【考查內(nèi)容】分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法/主謂一致【難度等級(jí)】基礎(chǔ)【思路解析】首先，確定句子主干為簡(jiǎn)單句人口是農(nóng)民，接下來添加枝葉部分“我國(guó)80%以上”，需要注意的是這里的謂語只能用Be動(dòng)詞are，因?yàn)?0%的人口是復(fù)數(shù)概念，而且整句話介紹的是一般情況，需要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2、注意每個(gè)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法（1）finish, enjoy, practise, avoid等后面只能接動(dòng)名詞。（2）like, love, hate, prefer等動(dòng)詞后面既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式也可以接動(dòng)名詞，意思相差不大。（3）stop, remember, forget, mean

17、, regret, try等后面既可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式，意思完全不同?！镜湫屠}】請(qǐng)盡量避免再犯這種愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。（avoid）【正確答案】Please try to avoid making such stupid mistakes again.【測(cè)量目標(biāo)】能運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)譯出正確通順的句子【考查內(nèi)容】動(dòng)詞avoid的正確用法【難度等級(jí)】基礎(chǔ)【思路解析】首先，關(guān)注主干為“犯錯(cuò)誤”，avoid 后面只能帶動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，然后添加枝葉成分，注意祈使句開頭。3、與中文相比，英語中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)用的較多，因此，學(xué)生要注意正確使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！镜湫屠}】應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)年輕人按照自己的特長(zhǎng)選擇職業(yè)。(e

18、ncourage)【正確答案】Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points.【測(cè)量目標(biāo)】能運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)譯出正確通順的句子【考查內(nèi)容】encouage的用法以及被動(dòng)語態(tài)的運(yùn)用【難度等級(jí)】較難【思路解析】由于本句缺少動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，故選擇用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來完成，encourage的用法為encourage sb. to do sth，故確定主干為sb. be encouraged to do sth, 然后再添加枝葉成分，本句還考查了介詞短語accordin

19、g to。三、例題精析（建議老師讓學(xué)生自己畫出解題步驟）1. 昨天晚上我們欣賞了一臺(tái)精彩的演出。(enjoy)【參考答案】We enjoyed a wonderful performance last night.【測(cè)量目標(biāo)】運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)譯出正確通順的句子?！究疾閮?nèi)容】簡(jiǎn)單句以及動(dòng)詞enjoy的用法。【難度等級(jí)】基礎(chǔ)【思路圖解】2. 雖然他并不富裕，但還是盡力幫助貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)生。(do ones best)【參考答案】Though he is/was not rich, he does/did his best to help the students in poor areas.【測(cè)量

20、目標(biāo)】運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)譯出正確通順的句子。【考查內(nèi)容】讓步狀語從句以及動(dòng)詞搭配do ones best的用法?！倦y度等級(jí)】基礎(chǔ)【思路圖解】3. 據(jù)說，中國(guó)人比西方人更早使用紙幣。(It)【參考答案】It is said that Chinese started to use notes/paper money earlier than westerners.【測(cè)量目標(biāo)】運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)譯出正確通順的句子?！究疾閮?nèi)容】it作形式主語的主語從句的用法?！倦y度等級(jí)】較難【思路圖解】【教學(xué)策略】1、詞匯是基礎(chǔ)，必須先解決詞匯量問題，另外在記憶的基礎(chǔ)上，還要加強(qiáng)詞匯辨析能力； 2、固定句式常用句型，

21、動(dòng)詞固定搭配也是關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。3、在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合語法知識(shí)，按照英語的思維表達(dá)習(xí)慣靈活使用提示詞，力爭(zhēng)使翻譯出的句子準(zhǔn)確、達(dá)意。四、課堂訓(xùn)練。Part 11. 該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃經(jīng)過了廣泛的討論。（extensively）2. 人們意識(shí)到了相互溝通的重要性。（conscious）3. 對(duì)他獨(dú)特的思維方式，老師們大加贊賞。（unique）4. 每個(gè)農(nóng)村的孩子現(xiàn)在都享有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。（access）5. 只有當(dāng)你從失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)時(shí)，才能取得更大的進(jìn)步。（Only.）6. 令我們大家感動(dòng)的是這位科學(xué)家雖身在異鄉(xiāng)仍心系祖國(guó)。（think of ）【參考答案】1. The plan was / has been disc

22、ussed extensively.2. People are conscious of the importance to communicate with each other. People are conscious of the importance of communicating with each other.  3. The teachers greatly praised his unique ways of thinking.  4. Now / Nowadays every child in the countryside has access to

23、 education.5. Only when you have learned a lesson from failure can you make greater progress.6. What moved all of us was that the scientist always thought of his country while he was abroad.Part 21. 大火過后,這所房子所剩無幾.(remain)2. 在最近的十年中,我國(guó)經(jīng)歷了歷史性的變化.(experience)3. 我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論,然后再做出最終結(jié)論.(before)4. 多吃點(diǎn)水果,那么你

24、就不用擔(dān)心缺少維生素.(lack, v.)5. 他從來沒有意識(shí)到,題目越容易就應(yīng)該越仔細(xì).(occur)6. 只有通過親身實(shí)踐,你才能真正理解志愿服務(wù)的重要性.(Only)【參考答案】1. Almost nothing/Little remained of the house after the big fire.2. In the past ten years, our country has experienced historic changes.3. We will have a further discussion before we draw the final conclusio

25、n. 4. Eat more fruit, and (then) you needn't be worried about lacking vitamins. Or: Eat more fruit, and then you needn't worry about lacking vitamins.5. It has never occurred to him that the easier the problems/exercises are, the more careful he should be.6. Only through your own practice ca

26、n you really understand/make out the importance of volunteer work.五、課后訓(xùn)練。Part 11. 你不吃早餐也無助于減肥.(skip)2. 邊開車邊打手機(jī)是違反交通規(guī)則的.(against)3. 成功由三個(gè)重要因素組成: 天才,勤奮加上運(yùn)氣.(consist) 4. 許多市民中意乘地鐵,是因?yàn)樗粫?huì)發(fā)生交通擁堵.(in favor of)5. 許多人進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅是為了保持健康,也是為了緩解壓力.(not only)6. 研究與觀察的結(jié)果表明, 隨著生活水平的提高, 人們?cè)絹碓疥P(guān)心生活的質(zhì)量.(concern)【參考答案】1.

27、 Even if you skip breakfast, you won't lose weight. Skipping breakfast won't help you lose weight.2. Driving while talking on cell/mobile phone is against the traffic rules. It is against traffic rules to drive and use cell phone (at the same time).3. Success consists of three important fact

28、ors: talent, diligence and luck.4. Many citizens are in favor/favour of the subway/underground because it is free from the traffic jam.5. Many people take physical exercise not only to keep healthy, but also to relieve pressure/stress.6. The findings/result of researches and observations show that with the impr