年英語語言學(xué)概論試卷B

1、得分評卷人出題教師簽名 程建山師簽名王婉華審題教I. Directions: Read each of the following statementscarefully. Decide which one of the four choices bestcompletes the statement and blacken the corresponding考試方式（閉）卷適用專業(yè)letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% X 10=20%)2011級英語專業(yè)2013-2014學(xué)年第2學(xué)期期末考試（B）卷課程名稱英語語言學(xué)概論任課教師簽名程建山考

2、試時間（120）分鐘題號IIIIIIIVV總分1. According to Saussure, refers to the abstractlinguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by.B. langueA. languageC. paroleD. competence2. Vowels can be classified in terms of each

3、of the following ways EXCEPT.A. position of the tongueB. openness of themouthC. manner of articulationD. shape of the lips3. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants s and z are classified as.A. liquidsB. affricatesC. stopsD. fricatives4. There are morphemes in the word a frighteni

4、ng.”A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5B. entails5. Semantically, the sentence “I regret stepping on your book" the sentence “I stepped on your book. ”A. presupposesC. contradictsD. is synonymous with6. According to John Austin ' s speech act theory, a(n) act is the act performed by saying something.A. preloc

5、utionaryB. locutionaryC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7. All the following words EXCEPT are the exampleswhich can be used to illustrate semantic narrowing.A. auntB. wifeD. fowlC. hound8. In many cultures, words relating to sex, sex organs, and natural bodily functions make up a larger part of vocab

6、ulary.A. genderB. euphemismC. slangD. taboo9. Speaker A: I'm out of petrolSpeaker B: There" s a garage round the corner.Speaker B is violating the maxim ofA. quantityB. qualityC. relationD. manner10. A typical example of a community is an ethnicghetto where most, if not all, of its inhabita

7、nts areeither immigrants or children of immigrants.A. diglossicB. bilingualC. pidginizedD. creolized11. Cultural t refers to the fact that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker, and they are not simply biologically passed on from generation to generation.12. The p

8、honemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s features, which are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence.13. D affixes are added to an existing form toII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the followingstatements with o

9、ne word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill word only, and you are not allowed to change the letterin ONEgiven. (1% x 10=10%)create a word. This is a very common way to create newwords in English.14. A c sentencecontains two or more clauses, oneof which i

10、s incorporated into the other.18. In sociolinguistic studies, a pidginized dialect may15. If we say “The baby is crying, “ we must be talking about a certainbaby crying in a certain situation;theword “baby” means a baby known to both the speaker and the hearer, which is the r of the word“baby”expand

11、 and eventually become the native language of acertain population, which is known as c . 19. A linguistic t refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite " society f rom generaluse.in this particular situation.16. The relationship between the words in such pairs as “buy” and

12、“by, "astationary " and astationery ” canbe labeled as h.17. In an a process, successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another in terms of20. Speech v refers to any distinguishable formof speech used by a speaker or group of speakers.III. Directions: Judge whether each

13、 of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the Answer Sheet. If you think a statement isplace or manner of articulation, or of haplology. false, you must explain why you think so and then givethe correct version. (2% x 10=20%)21. Speech and writing are the two

14、major media of communication. In linguistic evolution, however, speech is prior to writing,therefore,the spoken languagerather than the written should be given priority in modern linguistics.22. There are two ways now available to transcribe speech sounds: broad transcription and narrow transcriptio

15、n, of which the really required and used by popular textbook and dictionary writers is the latter.23. Prefixes are added to the beginning of stems; they modify the meaning of the stem, but do not change the part of speech of the original word.24. Compounds have different stress patterns from non-com

16、pounded word sequences. In general, the stress of a compound always falls on the second word, while the first word receives secondary stress.25. Sentence is usually conceived as the largest unit of grammar. Normally, a sentence contains at least a subject and a finite verb or a verb phrase as its pr

17、edicate.26. The pair of words, “husband” and “wife, “ are complementary antonyms.27. One linguistic symbol can have different references while bearing the same sense. There are also occasions, though less frequent, whenlinguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.28. Contextualism

18、is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.29. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.30. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect

19、is its grammar and uses of vocabulary.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and giveexamples for川 ustration(3%x 10=30%)31. arbitrariness33. consonants35. back-formation37. sense39. hyponymywhere appropriate.32. parole34. bound morpheme36. syntax38. pragmatics40. sociolectV. Directions:Answer t

20、he following questions.for eachfollowingt have an(10%X2=20%)41. Draw a tree diagram of constituent structure of the following two sentences.(1) A boy found the book.(2) The guide suggested the tourists take a rest.42. State briefly Cooperative Principle and its four maxims and then use it to explain

21、 the conversation: A: How do you like my painting? B: I don ' eye for beauty, I ' m afraid.(2) He is made of iron.參考答案I . Directions Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. (2%>< 10=20%)1-5 BCDBA 6-10 BADCBII.

22、Directions Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ON Eword only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% x 10=10%)11. transmission 12.suprasegmental 13. derivational 14. c

23、omplex 15. reference 16. homonymy17. assimilation18.Creole 19. taboo 20. varietyin . Directions Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write a"T" for trueor "F" for false on the Answer Sheet. (2 % x 10=20%)21-25 TFTFT 26-30 FTTTFIV. Directions Explain th

24、e following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%x 10=30%)31.arbitrariness:there is no intrinsicconnectionbetween the word and the thing it denotes, e.g.“pen”by any other name is the thing we use to write with.32. parole: Parole refers to the realization of languein actual

25、use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parolevaries from person to person, and from situation to situation.33. consonants: consonants are sounds produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at someplace to divert, impede or completely shut off

26、 the flow of air in the oral cavity.34. bound morpheme: it refers to those morphemes which cannot occur alone. They must appear with at least another morpheme.35. back-formation: It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a long

27、er form already in the language.36. syntax: It refer to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply the study of the formation of sentences.37. sense: sense is concerned with the inherent meaningof linguistic form; it is the collection of al

28、l the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de-contexualized.38. pragmatics: The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.39. hyponymy: Hyponymy is a matter of class membership.The upper term in this sense relation, i.e. the class name, is ca

29、lled superordinate, and the lower term, the members, hyponyms.40. sociolect: it is a kind of social variation of language which can reflect a person ' s socioeconomic, educational, occupational and ethnic background, as well as their sex and age.V. Directions Answer the following questions. (10%

30、 x 2=20%)41. Omitted.42. Speech act theory tells us that a speaker can mean a lot more than what is said. The problem is to explain how the speaker can manager to convey more than what is said and how the hearer can understand the speaker ' s meaning. H.P. Grice believes that there must be some mechanisms governing the production and comprehension of these utterances. He suggests that