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1、英語(yǔ)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)美國(guó)老師如何講解句型的。特點(diǎn): 1、不按我們中國(guó)人的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)劃分句型2、把句型種類絕對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單化英語(yǔ)所有的句型結(jié)構(gòu),無(wú)非可劃分為四種:I. 簡(jiǎn)單句( Simple sentence )主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)I love my Mom.I go to school everyday.( 簡(jiǎn)單句未免太小兒科了 , 不能代表一個(gè)成年人的思維水平 . 這就是為什么我們很少見(jiàn)到大量的簡(jiǎn)單句出現(xiàn) )II. 復(fù)合句( Compound Sentence )And,but,or,so,forBeijing is in the North and Nanjing is in the South.( 特
2、點(diǎn): Whentwo independent clauses, or complete sentences are joined together, they form one compound sentence.復(fù)合句是由兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子組合在一起構(gòu)成的。例句中,有下面兩個(gè)完整并且獨(dú)立的句子組成:Beijing is in the North.Nanjing is in the South.III. 復(fù)雜句( Complex Sentence )My uncle, who is seventy years old, works on a farm.( 特點(diǎn): Whenan independen
3、t clause and a dependent clause are joined together; they form one complex sentence.復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子加一個(gè)從句構(gòu)成的。 )China is a country that its history isvery long.China is a country. (獨(dú)立句子That its history is very long ()從句)IV. 復(fù)雜句 +復(fù)合句( Compound sentence+ Complex sentence )StudyingEnglishisimportantbecause
4、alotof jobs need people know English;andlearning English helpspeople understand other countrysculture.整體看,這是一個(gè)由 moreover連接的復(fù)合句, 前后兩句都在談?wù)搶W(xué)英語(yǔ)的重要性, 兩個(gè)獨(dú)立完整的句子。但第一句話中又包含了一個(gè)由because 引導(dǎo)的從句。你知道英語(yǔ)中最常用的句型是什么句子嗎?復(fù)雜句 (complex) 。My American teacher said,” The most common sentence pattern is complex”所以英語(yǔ)中復(fù)雜句多于簡(jiǎn)se
5、ntence, because language reflects life.”為什么不是復(fù)合句呢?She said,“How many things are equal in our life?看來(lái)因?yàn)樯钪袕?fù)雜的事情要多于并列的同等的事情,單句。我的總結(jié):如何區(qū)分復(fù)合句 (compound sentence) 。復(fù)雜句 (complex)?都有兩個(gè)句子組成,復(fù)合句中,兩個(gè)句子獨(dú)立表達(dá)完整的意思,能獨(dú)立存活。復(fù)雜句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)從句組成 , 其中的從句不能獨(dú)立表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。復(fù)合句就好像婚姻中的男人和女人, 他們各自都有自己獨(dú)立的人格和思想, 組合成一個(gè)家庭, 但誰(shuí)離了誰(shuí)都能活。 而復(fù)
6、雜句則好像媽媽和孩子, 孩子不能獨(dú)立存活,依附于媽媽, 當(dāng)孩子和媽媽在一起的時(shí)候, 也許修飾媽媽的頭 ( 主語(yǔ)從句 ) ,也許修飾身體 ( 謂語(yǔ)從句 ) ,也許修飾媽媽的腿 ( 賓語(yǔ)從句 ) ,其實(shí)根本沒(méi)必要深度研究從句的類型, 一眼就能看出從句在說(shuō)什么。 過(guò)多的強(qiáng)調(diào)從句的種類是把語(yǔ)法搞復(fù)雜化,使學(xué)習(xí)者 confuse 。見(jiàn)到復(fù)合句,抓住每個(gè)句子的 idea ,把他們分開來(lái)看,也就變成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,理解起來(lái)就容易了。說(shuō)了半天,還都是道理。你想真正掌握句型結(jié)構(gòu)嗎?句子的成分1. 主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象, 表示所說(shuō)的 “是什么 ”或 “是誰(shuí) ”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充
7、當(dāng)。它在句首。注意:不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用形式主語(yǔ)it 句型。2. 謂語(yǔ) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ) “做什么 ”, “是什么 ”或“怎么樣 ”。謂語(yǔ) (謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞 )必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語(yǔ)后面。3. 表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ) “是什么 ”或者 “怎么樣 ”,由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。* 注意區(qū)別: My job is teaching.(teaching 為表語(yǔ) ) 與 I am teaching now.(am teaching 為謂語(yǔ) )4. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象,由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞
8、的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么,在謂語(yǔ)之后。5. 狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義,一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。6. 定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等都可以擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)。因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的,而名詞和代詞又可以作主語(yǔ),還可以作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活,凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)高中英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖表英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)1、 S + vi2、
9、S + link verb + predicative3、 S + vt +o4、 S + vt + o ( 間接 ) + o ( 直接 )5、 S +vt+ o + o c6、 There be + s +種類句型第 1種 S +V第 2種 S+V+O第 3種 S+V+P第4S+V+ino( 間 接 賓語(yǔ) )+Do( 直 接 賓種語(yǔ) )第 5種 S+V+O+C第 6種 There be+S主語(yǔ)部分簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)部分賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足S.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 V.表語(yǔ) P.賓語(yǔ) O.語(yǔ) OC.Wework.( 不 及物 )Heplays(及物 )the piano.Weare(系動(dòng)詞 )student
10、s.Shegave(及物 )me a pen.Hemade(及物 )the boylaugh.There are thirty days this month.謂語(yǔ)部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾語(yǔ) /補(bǔ)語(yǔ) /賓語(yǔ)1.Flowersbloom。2.bloomin the gardens.Flowers3.bloomin the gardens in spring.Many beautiful flowers4.goto school by bicycle every day.I5.looksvery pretty.Betty, your younger sister ,6.speakEnglish very
11、well.Some students in my class7.Do.these sentences?you8.understandLesson Two, Mary.(You)Read句子的成分1. 主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象,表示所說(shuō)的 “是什么 ”或 “是誰(shuí) ”。一般由名詞、 代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。它在句首。注意 :不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用形式主語(yǔ)it 句型。2. 謂語(yǔ) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ) “做什么 ”, “是什么 ”或 “怎么樣 ”。謂語(yǔ) (謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞 )必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語(yǔ)后面。3. 表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ) “是什么 ”或者 “怎么樣 ”,
12、由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。* 注意區(qū)別: My job is teaching.(teaching為表語(yǔ) ) 與 I am teaching now.(am teaching為謂語(yǔ) )4. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、 行為的對(duì)象, 由名詞、 代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、 短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么,在謂語(yǔ)之后。5. 狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義,一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。6. 定語(yǔ)
13、 定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等都可以擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)。 因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的, 而名詞和代詞又可以作主語(yǔ), 還可以作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活,凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語(yǔ)。簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句1. 簡(jiǎn)單句句型:主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),而句子的各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)表示。2. 并列句句型:簡(jiǎn)單句 +并列連詞(或連接副詞)+簡(jiǎn)單句* 由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句并列連接起來(lái)的句子叫并列句。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要,相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系,是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。1、聯(lián)合關(guān)系:and, not o
14、nly but(also), neither等。nor常用的連詞有Eg. Tom doesn t smoke, nor does his brother.2、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but, yet, still, however, while( 而,然而 ),when (那時(shí),然后)等。常用的連詞有Eg. He got up very early, (and) yet he failed to catch the morning train.We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.She is tired, (but) still she w
15、ill make another test.*yet 和 still 是連接副詞,又叫半連接句。*however( 然而,不過(guò),但是)意義接近yet,可放在句首、句末或插入句子中間。3、選擇關(guān)系:常用的連詞有or(或者,還是,否則) , otherwise, or else, eitherEg. Hurry up, or we ll be late for school.等。or4、因果關(guān)系連詞有:for, so, thus, therefore, and so等。Eg. He studied hard, thus he succeeded in passing the exam.The Fr
16、enchman coughed loudly, so he decided to go and get some medicine for it.*for表示附加或推斷的理由、原因。Therefore 較 so 更正式, and so 較口語(yǔ)化。3. 復(fù)合句句型:主句 +連詞 +從句;或連詞+從句 +主句(包含一個(gè)主句、一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句,或只包含一個(gè)從句,但有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主句的句子叫復(fù)合句。)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言,目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。2.主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如:I
17、ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow, I won t go there.3.在以 here, there 開頭的句子里,go, come 等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如: There goes the bell.鈴響了。 There comes the bus.汽車來(lái)了。 Here she comes.她來(lái)了。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如: She is leaving for Beijing. 她要去北京。He is working as a teac
18、her tomorrow. 從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來(lái)看我。3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),描繪更加生動(dòng)。例如 :The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 江水滾滾向東流。 The sun is rising in the east. 太陽(yáng)從東方冉冉升起。4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí),但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的有:exist,live,understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, r
19、emember, forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,或說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。例如: I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.2.表示從過(guò)去開始,待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),往往和“ for, ” , “since, ”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 例如: He has learned English for six years./ They have worked
20、here since theyleft college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:1)用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生She has的影響或結(jié)果,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表達(dá)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。例如:cleaned the room. It s very clean now此.(句 has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因?yàn)?cleaned 與現(xiàn)狀無(wú)關(guān),二是因?yàn)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)不可突然跳到It s這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)2)漢語(yǔ)中的“了” 、“過(guò)”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá),如: I have seen that film. (我看過(guò)那部
21、電影了。)但是如果是在特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間 “看了”、“做過(guò)”,就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過(guò)去進(jìn)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影?我昨天看的。)不能說(shuō): When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地(人已回來(lái)) ”用“ have/has been to” ,表示“到某地去了(還未回來(lái))”用“ have/has gone to” .例如: Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the rea
22、ding-room. She knows a lot about Shanghai. She has been there.5.短暫動(dòng)詞(即瞬間動(dòng)詞) ,join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish,complete, begin, start, break out 等,在完成時(shí)態(tài)中,其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如不能說(shuō): He has finished the work for three hours. 要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了。 ”可采用 1)“ ago 法”: He finishe
23、dthe work three hours ago.2)“延續(xù)法” : He has beenthrough(with)the work for three hours.3)“ since 法”:It is/has been three hours since he finishedthe work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(或今后還要繼續(xù)一去)的動(dòng)作。 例如:He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
24、均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況, 或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這一過(guò)去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示)。例如: He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如:They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個(gè)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如:I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過(guò)去將來(lái)動(dòng)作。例如:He
25、 said she was arriving the next day.七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如:He had shut the door before the dogcame up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成,甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如: At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we le
26、arned about it.3.常用 hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose 等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如: We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 八、一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式:1.will/shall do(側(cè)重將來(lái)行為,不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事)2.be going to do ( 主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)3.be doing ( 按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生,常和表示最近的將來(lái)時(shí)間連用)4.be about
27、to do (按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生 )九、將來(lái)完成時(shí)by 短語(yǔ), when, before 引起的時(shí)間用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻(前)將完成的動(dòng)作。常和狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型1.常見(jiàn)句式是: 主語(yǔ)(受動(dòng)者)be過(guò)去分詞(by施動(dòng)者)例如: He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主語(yǔ) get過(guò)去分詞其它成分例如: The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because o
28、f her faults.注意:使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by 施動(dòng)者”3.帶有雙賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)閯?dòng)句,其主語(yǔ)可以是直接賓語(yǔ),也可以是間接賓語(yǔ)。例如:被動(dòng):She lent me a bike.1) I was lent a bike(by her).2)A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be過(guò)去分詞例如: This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.雙重被動(dòng)式: 主語(yǔ)被動(dòng)式謂語(yǔ)不定式的被動(dòng)式其它成分例如; These magazines are not allowed to be
29、 taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用,用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞是: cut, sell, read, write,fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。例如: This knife cuts well. 這把刀好切。These books sellwell. 這些書好賣。 The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫起來(lái)流暢。 Meat won t keep long in such h
30、otweather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長(zhǎng)久。The cloth washes well. 這種布好洗。2.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式形容詞。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。例如: The apples taste good./Theflowersmells wonderful./Thenews proved/turned outtrue./Cotton feels soft.注: prove 也可用于被動(dòng)式,如:His answer(was) proved right.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)形
31、容詞有:hard, difficult, easy,heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible等。例如: The problem is easy to do./Thequestion is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較: The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered. 沒(méi)有形容詞時(shí),雖然不定式與主
32、語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,但必須用被動(dòng)式。三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況:1.I teach myself French. 不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French. 因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語(yǔ)。2.We help each other/one another. 不可變?yōu)?Each other/One another is helped by us. 因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語(yǔ)。3.He lost heart. 不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him. 因?yàn)橄?lose heart, make a face, keep silence,lose in thought 這類動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短
33、語(yǔ)只能用于主動(dòng)式,不能用被動(dòng)式。4.She took part in the sports meet. 不能變?yōu)?The sports meet was taken part in by her. 因?yàn)橄?take part in, belong to ,own, have, hate, fail, contain 等表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主謂一致Agreement在英語(yǔ)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定, 則要看句子的意思。 多數(shù)情況下, 根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定,但有的則要看整句的意思,及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。1、以單數(shù)名詞或
34、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:1) To work hard is necessary.( It is necessary to work hard. )2) How you get there is a problem.2、復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。3、在倒裝句中, 動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如以here, there 開頭,be動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞一致。如:1)Here comes the bus.2) On the wall were two famous paintings.3) Here is Mr Brown and his children.
35、4、and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語(yǔ)后跟有with, togetherwith, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than 等引起的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致。如:1) Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2) He and my father work in the same factory.3) His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4
36、) The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5) He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6) Every picture except these two has been sold.7) Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8) Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9) Nobody but M
37、ary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。如:1)The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來(lái)我們學(xué)校。2) Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。3) The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.(兩個(gè)人)6、 and 連接的并
38、列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, every, no, many a 修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:1) Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì)。2) No teacher and no student is absent today.3) Many a student is busy with their lessons.7、 each, either, one, another, the other, neither 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:1) Each takes a cup of tea
39、.2) Either is correct.3) Neither of them likes this picture.8、由 every, some, any, no 構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:1) Is everyone here?2) Nothing is to be done.沒(méi)有什么要干的事兒了。9、關(guān)系代詞who, that, which 等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:1) Those who want to go please sign their names here.2) Anyone who is against t
40、his opinion may speak out.3) He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。11、復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家、組織、書籍、報(bào)刊等)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:,動(dòng)1) The United States is in North America.2) The United Nations has passed a resolution( 決議 )。3)“ The Arabian Nights
41、 ”(天方夜譚 ) is an interesting book.12、有些集體名詞如 family, team, group, class, audience (聽(tīng)眾,觀眾) ,government 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如看作是一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式;如強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:1) My family is going to have a long journey.2) My family are fond of music.3) The class has won the honour. 這班獲得了榮譽(yù)。4) The class were jumping for joy
42、.13、 all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,也可表示單數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如:1) All of the apple is rotten.整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。2) All of the apples are rotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。3) Most of the wood was used to make furniture ( 家具 )。14、 the + 形容詞(或分詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常指一類人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。如:1) The young
43、 are usually very active.2) The wounded are being taken good care of here now.15、 or, either, or, , neither, nor, , whether, or, not only , but (also)連接的是主語(yǔ) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如:1) Either you or I am going to the movies.2) Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:1) Water is a ki
44、nd of matter.2) The news at six o clock is true.17、集合名詞如:people, police ,cattle 等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:1) The police are searching for him.2) The cattle are grassing (吃草 )。18、 population 當(dāng)人口講時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)人們講時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:1) The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2) One third of the population
45、here are workers.19、the number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù), 是表示“ , 的數(shù)字” ,作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;a (large/ great) number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù),表示許多,作主語(yǔ)時(shí);謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1) The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2) A number of students have gone for an outing.20、 means, politics, physics, plastics 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
46、。復(fù)合句(1) 定語(yǔ)從句I. 定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用,在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞, 他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用, 二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先 行從句成分詞Who人主語(yǔ)Whom人賓語(yǔ)關(guān)Whose人 ,定語(yǔ)物系代That人 ,主語(yǔ),賓詞物語(yǔ)Which物主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)As人 ,主語(yǔ),賓物語(yǔ)關(guān)When時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)系Where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)副why原因原因狀語(yǔ)詞例句Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?Mr. Smith is the pers
47、on with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The pi
48、cture which was about the accident was terrible.He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.I will never forget the day when we met there.This is the house where I was born.I can imaginet the reason why he turned down my offer.備注Whom,which和 that 在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)
49、,??梢允÷?,但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用 thatAs 做 賓語(yǔ) 一般不省略可用 on which 可用 in which可用 for whichII. That 與 which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別:情況用法說(shuō)明例句1 先 行 詞 為 all,everything, anything,1.He told me everything that he knows.nothing, little, much, 等不定代詞時(shí)。2.All the books thatyou offered has2 先行詞被 all, any, every, each, much,been
50、 given out.只用little, no, some, few 等修飾時(shí)3.This is the best filmthat I have ever3 先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾read.that的時(shí)4.We talked about the persons and things情況4 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)that we remembered.5 先行詞被 the only, the very 修飾時(shí)5.He is the only man that I want to see.6 句中已經(jīng)有 who 時(shí),為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)6.Who is the man that is makin
51、g a只用speech?1 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中, 只能用 whichHe has a son, who has gone abroad forwhich,指代物,用 who/whom 指人further study.who,2 在由 “介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從I like the person to whom the teacher iswhom句中,只能用 which 指物,whom 指人。talking.的情3 先行詞本身是 that 時(shí),關(guān)系詞用 which,Those who respect others are usually況先行詞為 those, one, he時(shí)多用 who。respected by others.III. As與 which 的區(qū)別:定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別限制性定名詞前有such 和 the sa
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