【三維設(shè)計】2017屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 學(xué)通語法（增分語法填空和短文改錯）北師大版

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善?！救S設(shè)計】2017屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 學(xué)通語法（增分語法填空和短文改錯）北師大版【三維設(shè)計】2017屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 學(xué)通語法（增分語法填空和短文改錯）北師大版學(xué)通語法（增分語法填空和短文改錯）集釋(一) “語境考查類”語法項目第一講 冠_詞單句語法填空1(2015全國卷語法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most mo

2、dern of architects and engineers.2(2015廣東高考語法填空)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.3(2015浙江高考改編)Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.4(2015陜西高考改編)Th

3、e more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.5(2015重慶高考改編)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.一、不定冠詞(一)不定冠詞的基本用法1表示泛指某個人或事物。I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.今天我在趕著去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。2用在第一次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示泛指。My friend John is a h

4、andsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友約翰是一個英俊的年輕人，一個人人都喜歡與他共事的年輕人。3表示“某一個”，相當(dāng)于a certain。I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.我記得他在某個星期天來過，并且很快就離開了。4用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“再一，又一”。He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比

5、賽中錯失了金牌，但是在跳遠比賽中他還有機會。5用在形容詞的比較等級前，表示“一個更的”。If we sit near the front of the bus, well have a better view.如果我們坐在公共汽車的前部，視野就會更好些。6用于物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞具體化時。物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞僅表示概念時，是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時，就變成了可數(shù)名詞，前面可加不定冠詞。Tony is a famous pianist. Im absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will

6、 be a success.托尼是一位著名的鋼琴家，我十分確信這個星期天他的音樂會一定成功。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠詞不定冠詞常用于某些固定搭配中，常見的有：have a gift for有的天賦have a holiday度假get a lift/ride搭便車 pay a visit to參觀lend sb. a hand幫助某人 as a result因此as a rule通常，照例 in a hurry匆忙地at a distance離一段距離 a waste of的浪費What a pity！真遺憾！ be/go on a diet節(jié)食a collection of一批 a know

7、ledge of知道have a good time玩得高興 make a living謀生as a matter of fact事實上 have a history of有歷史in a sense/way在某種意義上 for a while暫時，一時all of a sudden突然 a matter of的問題have a population of有人口cover an area of占的面積You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.(2014安徽高考單選)你可以向任何人求助，這里的每

8、個人都樂意幫助你。二、定冠詞(一)定冠詞的基本用法1特指雙方都知道的或上文提到過的人或物。I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was founded in the early twentieth century.我在新西蘭的一所大學(xué)就讀，這所大學(xué)建立于20世紀(jì)初。2用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或形容詞前，表示一類人或物。As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.眾所周知，大腦是思維的中心。As a matter of fact, the rich arent always h

9、appy.事實上富人并非總是快樂的?！皌headj.”表示一類人的常用短語：the rich富人the dead死者the poor窮人 the aged老人the old老人 the living活著的人the young年輕人 the injured/wounded受傷的人 3用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞或副詞最高級以及形容詞only, very, same等之前。Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中國楊利偉是第一個登上太空的人。Now, years later, this river is one of th

10、e most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2014全國卷語法填空)在數(shù)年之后的現(xiàn)在，這條河成為了環(huán)境治理的最突出的范例之一。4用于被限制性修飾語加以限制的人或物前。The village where I was born has grown into a town.(2014陜西高考單選)我出生的村莊已變成了一個城鎮(zhèn)。5用于表示朝代、年代的名詞前，或用于整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前，表示某個年代。As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirtie

11、s.眾所周知，二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于30年代。6用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦倆。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫婦住在我們樓上的公寓里。7用于世界上獨一無二的事物前。No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.沒有人確切知道月球是怎樣形成的，因為這發(fā)生在很久之前。8用于被演奏的西洋樂器前。As far as I know, he likes playing the piano.據(jù)我所知，他喜歡彈鋼琴。(二)固

12、定結(jié)構(gòu)及固定短語中的定冠詞1固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的定冠詞(1)用于“bythe表示計量單位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“按計算”。Its said that John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.據(jù)說，約翰將獲得一個年薪超過6萬美元的工作。是的，他的工資還將按周支付。(2)用于“動詞sb.介詞the身體某一部位”結(jié)構(gòu)中。His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.那個賊打到了他的臉，他鼻子出血了。(3)用于the

13、more . the more .(越越)結(jié)構(gòu)中。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就會越少犯錯誤。2固定短語中的定冠詞at the moment此刻；目前in the end 最后，最終to tell the truth說實話 on the other hand另一方面by the way順便說一下 in the middle of在中間at the same time同時 on the contrary相反on the whole總的來說 in the distance在遠處to the poin

14、t 中肯；切題make the most/best of充分利用go to the cinema/theater去看電影/戲劇Now that you have such a good chance, youd better make the best of every minute to achieve your goal.既然你有這么好的一次機會，你最好充分利用每一分鐘去實現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。三、零冠詞(一)零冠詞的基本用法下列情況下不用冠詞。1表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make great p

15、rogress.記日記是一個可以讓你取得巨大進步的好習(xí)慣。Telephones are still playing an important role in peoples life.電話在人們的生活中仍然起著重要的作用。2表示月、季、星期、節(jié)假日、洲、三餐、球類、學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。A year can be divided into four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter.一年可以分為四季春、夏、秋、冬。3與by連用的表示交通工具、通訊工具的名詞前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飛機

16、還是乘船去那里？4系動詞turn后的單數(shù)名詞作表語時。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，湯姆成了工程師而瑪麗成了一位好經(jīng)理。5表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞作表語、同位語或補足語時。Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”這所學(xué)校的校長彼得斯彭斯博士告訴我們說：“這里五分之一的學(xué)生都會到牛津大

17、學(xué)或者劍橋大學(xué)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)?！?二)固定結(jié)構(gòu)及固定短語中的零冠詞1固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的零冠詞“零冠詞單數(shù)名詞as/though主語謂語，主句”，意為“雖然但是”。Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.盡管他很年輕，但他閱歷很豐富。2固定短語中的零冠詞on purpose故意地by chance碰巧catch fire著火 at dawn在黎明face to face面對面 out of date過時的make room for讓位 in debt負(fù)債in shape健康 on foot步行in danger在危險中 side by side并排

18、from time to time不時地 hand in hand手拉手day after day日復(fù)一日地 heart and soul全心全意地Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay in shape.(2014江蘇高考單選)湯姆總是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯臥撐來保持健康。典題精選我來改正常設(shè)誤點(2014陜西高考)That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impr

19、essive lesson about gravity!(2016邢臺市高三摸底考試)But he had only an 100yuan note.(2016嘉峪關(guān)市一中三模)He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.aananaana(1)不定冠詞a和an的錯用在元音音素前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an；在輔音音素前應(yīng)用不定冠詞a；有些單詞以元音字母開頭但卻是以輔音音素開頭，前面應(yīng)用冠詞a而不用an；還有一些單詞以輔音字母開頭但卻是以元音音素開頭，前面應(yīng)用冠詞an而不用a。(2015全國卷)One day, little To

20、ny went to a shopping center with his parents . A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2016鄭州二模)Most of us feel nervous whenever were taking the important exam.shop前的athethean(2)不定冠詞a(n)和定冠詞the的錯用表示特指時用定冠詞the；表示泛指時用不定冠詞a(n)。(2013全國卷)This custom soon became another meal of day.(2

21、016江西九校聯(lián)考)Forrest Gump was born in small village.在day前加the在in和small之間加a(3)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前冠詞的缺失一般情況下，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~a(n)或the。 a(n)表示類指或泛指，the 表示特指。(2013浙江高考)Tomorrow is first day of school.(2016衡水一中模擬)In order to realize his dream, Bill Gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying in Harvard University.在

22、first前加the在richest前加the(4)定冠詞the的缺失在序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞the；在形容詞最高級前也常用定冠詞the。(2014全國卷)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.(2016南昌市一模)I think its a great fun and I can make more friends.去掉flowers前的the去掉great前的a(5)冠詞的多余可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時不用冠詞。(2015浙江高考)I was always interest

23、ed to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2014全國卷)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.在hurry前加a在result前加a(6)常見固定搭配中冠詞的缺失與多余在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠詞a(n)，有的用定冠詞the，而有的不帶任何冠詞，如：in a hurry, on the right, in fact, as a result, as a result等。.單句語法填空1(2016濟南外國語學(xué)校模擬)Nowadays, how we can take good care o

24、f the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.2(2016大慶質(zhì)量檢測二)If I were ever short of cash and couldnt afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take a look around.3(2016泰安二模)It was a burninghot, summers day and I was longing to go swimming at

25、the local pool. Instead, I was riding in the back seat of the car as my parents drove to a friends house.4(2016江西八校一模)He tapped her on the shoulder, “Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time！”5(2016長春調(diào)研考試)Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life.6(2016棗莊模

26、擬)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get a second chance to make first impressions.7(2016石家莊二模)Our destination was Orewa, a seaside town.8(2016青島自主診斷)After a short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was

27、 abroad.9(2016鄭州高三二模)Its a pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.10(2016南陽一中三模)Imagine falling towards the planet Earth at an awesome speed of 300 kilometers per hour.11(2016濟南高考模擬)When he became a doctor, he tapped peoples chests to see how much l

28、iquid was in their lungs. Laennec did the same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest whether it was diseased or not.12(2016大慶市二輪復(fù)習(xí)檢測)I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper.單句改錯1(2016銀川質(zhì)量檢測短文改錯)This afternoon I went to see my grand

29、father by a bus.去掉a2(2016貴州監(jiān)測二短文改錯)With English being widely used in the world, it is playing a more and more important role. For example, a French and Chinese cant speak each others language.Chinese前加a3(2016贛州模擬短文改錯)He became a engineer instead and spent most of his time studying car design.aan4(20

30、16衡水中學(xué)二模短文改錯)Second, we must set the goal, which motivates us to pursue our dreams.thea5(2016山東省實驗中學(xué)一模短文改錯)Im Li Hua and Im writing to apply for the assistant post you advised on Internet.on后加the6(2016豫東、豫北十所名校聯(lián)考短文改錯)There is no doubt that English has become an universal language nowadays.ana7(2016呼

31、和浩特調(diào)研短文改錯)If you want to make a progress, you need to put your heart into your study and work hard.去掉a8(2016吉林省第二次調(diào)研短文改錯)I borrowed story book from the library the other day and took it home.story前加a.語法填空(2016河北衡水中學(xué)三模)It was a busy day at the grocery store and an old couple were in line behind me wi

32、th birthday balloons.From _1_ they said, I knew their nephew had a twin and something bad happened to the baby at birth. Though they did all they could _2_ (help) them but times were tough for them.They seemed to be too nervous and were too _3_ (anxiety) to leave, so I asked _4_ they wanted to go ah

33、ead of me or not. They didnt understand what I _5_ (mean) at first. After knowing it, they were very appreciative. But they stood behind me.At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be _6_ (good) if someone offered to help them. So I told the cashier to add the balloo

34、ns to my purchases. The old couple refused at first _7_ I insisted. I said, “You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who wanted to give them _8_ hand in this world.” They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears, _9_ (say) there was an angel in her line to

35、day.That little act of _10_ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good but it made me feel the best of all!1what介詞后接賓語從句，設(shè)空處為連接代詞，此處表示“從他們所說的話”，故填what。2to help此處作目的狀語，故用動詞不定式。3anxious該詞在系動詞be之后且有too修飾，故用形容詞anxious。4whether此處為賓語從句的連接詞，表示“是否”，且與or not搭配，故用whether。5meant此處為賓語從句的謂語動詞，主句為一般過去時，所以從句也用一般過去時

36、。6better否定詞與比較級連用表示最高級的含義。7but此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。8agive sb. a hand為固定短語，意為“幫助某人”。9saying此處作狀語，非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。10kindness介詞of后應(yīng)用名詞，故填kindness。an act of kindness“善行”。.短文改錯(2016煙臺市二模)I was not good in math in the first year of junior high school. Having been failed so many times in math exams, I

37、was anxious about the subject. Every time I tried hardly to work out a math problem, I was afraid of making mistakes, that really made me feel helpless. Luckily, I met a nice math teacher in second year. She told me that I didnt need to worry about making mistakes because I could find out my shortco

38、mings through my mistake. She always encouraged myself to try again whenever I make a mistake. Thanks to my teachers encouragement, I became interesting in math and made rapid progress. My experience proves that failure was the mother of success and that we can learn a lot from our mistakes.答案：第一句：第

39、一個inat第二句：去掉been第三句：hardlyhard; thatwhich第四句：second前加the第五句：mistakemistakes第六句：myselfme; makemade第七句：interestinginterested第八句：wasis第二講 代_詞單句語法填空1(2015全國卷語法填空)A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.2(2015廣東高考語法填空)Now it occurred to him (he) that his farm had much

40、 potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.3(2014全國卷語法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its me/mine (I)”4(2014廣東高考語法填空)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my frien

41、ds who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination.5(2014全國卷語法填空)The river was so polluted that it actually caught fire and burned.6(2015陜西高考改編)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.一、人稱代詞形式句法功能主格I, we, you, he, she, it, th

42、ey主要用作主語，有時用作表語賓格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作動詞或介詞的賓語；口語中常用賓格作表語She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那時)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.讓我迎接挑戰(zhàn)，我會欣然接受。二、物主代詞形式句法功能形容詞性物主代詞my, our, your, his, her, its, their作定語名詞性物主代詞mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, t

43、heirs作主語、賓語或表語He invited some friends of his to his party.他邀請了他的一些朋友參加宴會。三、反身代詞形式句法功能myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves作賓語、表語或同位語The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.那個孩子饒有興趣地看著鏡子里的自己。含有反身代詞的習(xí)慣用語：by oneself獨自地for oneself親自come to oneself蘇

44、醒；恢復(fù)知覺 dress oneself自己穿衣behave yourself舉止規(guī)矩有禮 devote oneself to致力于apply oneself to專心致志于 help oneself to隨便吃/用enjoy oneself玩得開心 seat oneself就座，入席make yourself at home別客氣 teach oneself自學(xué)adapt/adjust oneself to 適應(yīng)于 四、指示代詞指示代詞用法this/these指在時間或空間上較近的人或事物；this可指下文將要談到的人或物that/those指在時間或空間上較遠的人或事物；that 可指上文

45、提到過的人或物such指代前面所敘述的人或事物。作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)so代替一個句子或短語所表達的事情，意思是“如此，這樣”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等詞后用so代替前文提出的觀點The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015天津高考單選)這所規(guī)模很小的學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量比有些規(guī)模較大的學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量還要好。Studying Wendys menu, I

46、found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2012浙江高考單選)研究了溫迪的菜單，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中很多東西和麥當(dāng)勞的相似。Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友們就是這樣：永遠會在我需要他們時伸出援手。Is James coming tonight?I think so, but Im not sure.詹姆斯今晚會來嗎？我想會的，但我不能肯定。五、不定代詞(一)不定代詞的基本用法不定代詞用法each/both/alle

47、ach指“(兩者或兩者以上物或人中的)每個”；both表示“兩者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”either/neithereither表示“(兩者中的)任何一個”；neither表示“兩者都不”none/nothingnone表示“(三者或三者以上)全無，沒有一點”；nothing表示“沒有任何東西，沒有事”anotheranother泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”other/othersother泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定語。other可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)othersthe other/the othersthe other特指“(兩者之中的)另一個”。the

48、 other可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)the othersAs the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take both and either of them is very important to me.因為這兩本字典有用，我把兩本字典都帶上，每一本對我而言都很重要。Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?Im sorry. Neither will suit me. Ill be away on business during that period.星期六或星期天陪我去購物好嗎？對不起

49、。那兩天都不行。我那段時間將正在出差。You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是隊里的明星！與別人一起工作的確是你的所愛。Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.除非我們能夠消除他們之間的矛盾，否則他們雙方都不打算與對方講話。(二)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法某任何每個；所有沒有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everyb

50、odyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingThere is something in his words. We should have a try.他說的話不無道理，我們應(yīng)該試一試。This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013安徽高考單選)這個項目需要密切的團隊合作，除非我們通力合作，否則將一事無成。(三)表示數(shù)量的不定代詞的用法代詞用法表示意義含義few修飾可數(shù)名詞否定含義幾乎沒有a

51、 few修飾可數(shù)名詞肯定含義幾個；一些little修飾不可數(shù)名詞否定含義幾乎沒有a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞肯定含義少量；一點點many修飾可數(shù)名詞肯定含義許多much修飾不可數(shù)名詞肯定含義許多Few of us can speak four foreign languages.我們當(dāng)中很少有人會說四種外語。I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹幾乎沒有朋友。She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能講點法語，但她

52、幾乎不懂英語。六、it的用法1it用作人稱代詞，用來指代事物或上文提到過的內(nèi)容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家買了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。2it指時間、距離、天氣等。Its 112 miles from London to Birmingham.從倫敦到伯明翰有112英里。3it 用作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語或賓語放在后面，真正的主語或賓語往往由從句、動名詞、不定式充當(dāng)。It is no good living al

53、one without keeping in touch with others.獨居而不和他人來往沒有好處。(it作形式主語，動名詞短語living alone without .為真正的主語)No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他養(yǎng)成了早餐前散步的習(xí)慣。(it作形式賓語，動詞不定式to go for .為真正的賓語)He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他沒說清楚何時何地舉行

54、會議。(it作形式賓語，從句when and where . 為真正的賓語)知識積累常用it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式：It is a pity/shame that .真可惜/丟人It is no wonder that . 難怪It seems/appears that . 似乎/看起來It looks/seems as if/though . 看起來好像It happens that . 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that . 某人突然想起It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that . 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/據(jù)宣布/人們 認(rèn)為/人們希望/人們建議It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事沒有用/好處/浪費時間It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費某人多長時間主語表示情感傾向的動詞或動詞短語(enjoy