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1、2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專題十五S字部(二)1.shoutI理?二v.&n.喊,高聲呼叫動詞用法:表示“大聲說,喊叫,呼喊", shout at sb對某人怒吼(帶有憤怒感情色彩);shout to sb.對某人大喊大叫(僅描述大聲叫喊這一動作,不帶感情色彩);試比較:I can hear you clearly. There is no need for you to shout to me.我聽得很清楚,你不必大聲叫喊。He ran up to the driver and began to shout at him.他跑到司機(jī)那兒,沖他大叫大嚷起來。名詞
2、用法:表示“(生氣、疼痛、興奮等的)喊叫(聲),呼叫(聲)”,可以和介詞of連用。例如:Tom gave a shout of laughter when he saw them. 湯姆看見他們,發(fā)出一聲大笑。(2019,山東卷,短文填空)"Fairy," he shouted, "take away this 47 (terrible) gift! Give me back my little gal!"2. showHHEQn.表演;展示;展覽(會);顯示;v.給看;出示;顯示詞形變化:過去式 showed,過去分詞 shown/showed名詞詞組
3、:on show在展出;talk show脫口秀;talent show才藝表演會;TV show電視節(jié)目動詞詞組:show up露面;show off炫耀;show oneself露面;show sb. around (sth.)帶某人參觀/四處看看名詞用法:表示“娛樂表演,演出”,或“(電視、廣播的)節(jié)目”。例如:put on a show上演節(jié)目表示“展覽(會)": an agricultural show 農(nóng)業(yè)展覽會動詞用法:。表示“給看,出示“,及物動詞,show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.。例如:The children proudly showe
4、d me their gifts (=showed their gifts to me).孩子們自豪地給我看他們的禮物。表示"指出,指給某人看",可用于 show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-從句。例如:Show me which picture you drew.指給我看哪張畫是你畫的。表示“(提供事實(shí),信息)表明,證明”,及物動詞,可直接跟賓語,可跟雙賓語,可接從句。例如:Numbers showed a 9% increase in the price.數(shù)據(jù)顯示價(jià)格上升了9%。Research has shown us that people want
5、not just low prices.研究告訴我們,人們需要的不僅僅是低價(jià)格。表示“(通過示范)教,演示;解說",可用 show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-從句結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Can you show me how to do it? 你能教我怎么做嗎?工工牙齒,(2019,山東卷,單項(xiàng)填空)20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars,34 percent believe that they will make
6、the roads more dangerous.A. althoughB. becauseC. if(2019, 山東卷,閱讀 A) Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.3. shutHZZDv.關(guān)上;封閉詞形變化:過去式 shut,過去分詞shut關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:shut down停工,關(guān)閉;shut up住口 ; shut off切斷,關(guān)掉;shut out關(guān)在外面用法:C1表示“(使)關(guān)上,(使)關(guān)閉”,可及物可不及物,常見于 shut (sth.) behind sb.
7、結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:She walked quickly in and shut the door behind her. 她快步走進(jìn)來,隨手關(guān)上身后的門。表示“(使)關(guān)門,停止?fàn)I業(yè)”,可指暫時(shí)性或永久地關(guān)門。例如:The post office shuts at 5 o 'clock. 郵局五點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。He lost his job when they shut the factory.他們把工廠關(guān)閉后,他失去了工作。近義詞:close v.關(guān)閉(2019,浙江卷,閱讀 C) Most likely these plants shut their flowers because there
8、is too little light.4. sick |HQadj.有病的,患病的;(想)嘔吐的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:get sick生病了; sick leave病假;sick pay病假工資;be sick of對感到厭惡用法:C1表示“生病的,患病的”,可做表語,可做定語;sick with得了病。例如:a sick child 生病的孩子;a sick animal患病的動物I have been sick with flu. 我感冒了。He saved the child from fire.他把那個(gè)小孩從火里救了出來。C2be sick或feel sick表示"想嘔吐",
9、"反胃,惡心,作嘔”。例如:As soon as the ship started moving I began to feel sick. 輪船開動,我就感至U惡心了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:sickness n.疾??;嘔吐同義詞:ill adj.生病的工工(2019, 浙江卷, 閱讀 D) Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick.5. sight更典n.情景;風(fēng)景;視力關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:at first sight咋一看,初看之下;out of sight看不見,在視野之外
10、;lose one' s sights明;at the sight of 一看見就; catch sight of看到,瞥見用法:表示“視力,視覺”,例如:Anne's sight is very good for someone of her age.安妮的視力對于她這個(gè)年齡的人來說算是非常好的。表示“看到,看見”,指看見的動作,多以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),常與 of連用。例如:Just the sight of him made her body shake. 一看到他,她就身體顫抖。表示“景物,景象;名勝,景點(diǎn)”,指所見之物。例如:As he reached the front d
11、oor, he saw a strange sight. 他走至U前門,看至U了個(gè)奇怪的景象。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:sighted adj.有視力的;sightless adj.盲的,看不見的關(guān)聯(lián)單詞:sightseeing n.觀光,游覽:go sightseeing去觀光工工丁二市(2019,浙江卷,完形)Instead of resting her 3 until it got better, Mrs. Chaplin kept on singing.3. A. sight B. voice C. smell D. hearing6. silentHZQadj.無聲的;沉默的用法:G指不說話,可以表
12、示“沉默的,不語的"; remain/stay/keep silent保持沉默;也可以形容“沉默寡言的” 性格類型。例如:He's the silent type.他是那種沉默寡言的人。0表示“寂靜的,無聲的”。例如:The large house was old and silent.這幢大房子既老舊又寂靜。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:silence n.安靜;沉默;silently adv.安靜地同義詞:quiet adj.安靜地工工不齒,(2019 ,浙江卷,完形)I listened silently . "She's such a loser," one
13、girl said.7. similarR2S?adj.相似的,近似的,類似的;像用法:be similar to=be like與相似;be similar in在方面相似。例如:Her ideas are quite similar to mine.她的觀點(diǎn)和我的很相似。The two cars are very similar in size and color. 這兩輛汽車大小和顏色都非常相似。近義詞:alike adj.很相似的,相像的:尤指外表或者行為上面特別像;look alike看起來像。例如:She and her sister look alike.她和她妹妹長得很像。反義
14、詞:different adj.不同的(2019, 浙江卷, 閱讀 B) Trampolining has benefits similar to those of running, but without too much stress on knees and ankles.8. simple| EH圈adj.簡單的.簡易的用法:C1表示“簡單的,簡易的;容易的“,與困難、復(fù)雜相對;simple to use/make/operate使用/制作/操作起來簡單。例如:Modern cameras are very simple to use. 現(xiàn)代照相機(jī)用起來非常簡單。表示“簡樸的,樸素的&
15、quot;。例如: simple but delicious food簡單美味的食物詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:simplyadj.簡單地;簡直;樸素地; simplicityn.簡單;樸素;天真近義詞:easy adj.簡單的,容易的;plain adj.家常的,普通的反義詞:difficult adj.困難的工工£動(2019 ,江蘇卷,完形)The Hill sisters, who devoted their lives to educating children, could never imagine that thesimple little song would continue to
16、 earn about $ 2 million every year.9. singleIZZZZDadj.單一的,單個(gè)的;單身的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組: single room 單人房; single bed 單人床用法:C1表示“僅有一個(gè)的,單一的,單個(gè)的”,僅用于名詞前。例如:I couldn't understand a single word she said!她講的東西我一個(gè)字都聽不懂!C2表示“未婚的,單身的"。例如: Are you still single?你還是單身嗎?反義詞:married adj.已婚的1 2二&(2019,安徽卷,單項(xiàng)填空)7. 一Hell
17、o, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you? Yes, I'd like to a single room for two nights.A. enter B. move C. book D. provide10. situationHZDn.形式,情況,狀況,局面.宓線通關(guān)聯(lián)詞組: present situation 現(xiàn)狀;general situation 概況;economic situation 經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢, 經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況;international situation 國際形勢; political situation 政治局勢用法:in a- - situa
18、tion處于局面/情況。例如:We have all been in similar situations.我們都遇到過類似的局面。I ESU'Lh(2019,浙江卷,完形)2, their economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)situation changed when she became ill with laryngitis( 喉炎)in 1894.2. A. Although B. SoC. However D. Besides11. skillI E;年會n.技能.技巧關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:communication skill溝通技巧;writing skill書寫技能;social skil
19、l社交能力用法:尤指通過學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐獲得的技藝,相當(dāng)于 ability ; skill in/at (doing sht.)表示某方面的技能。例如;His skill at dealing with people got him a nice job.因?yàn)樯瞄L與人打交道,他得到了一份好工作。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:skilledadj.熟練的;有技能的;skillful(ly)adj.熟練的,巧妙的;skillfulnessn.靈巧,有技巧(2019,山東卷,單項(xiàng)填空)28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports
20、and talk with their classmates. So it helps with students' health,improves their social skills .A. either; orB. neither; norC. not only; but also12. slow用凄adj &adv慢慢的(地),緩慢的(地); v.(使)慢下來,使(減速)作形容詞,表示“(緩)慢的;耗時(shí)的”,指速度不快,或進(jìn)展不快。例如:The car was travelling at a very slow speed. 汽車正以非常慢的速度行駛。slow本身可作
21、副詞,和 slowly區(qū)別如下:一般slowly視為slow的常用副詞;有時(shí),slow作為非正式用語或在路標(biāo)等中也用作副詞,亦可用以構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞;slow通常用于比較級和最高級;比較級時(shí)slower和more slowly均可。例如:slow-moving traffic 緩慢行進(jìn)的車輛Can you speak slower/more slowly? 你說慢點(diǎn)行嗎?作動詞,可及物,可不及物;通常用于slow (sth.) down (使)慢下來,(使)減速。例如:Growth in sales has slowed down.銷售的增長放慢了。The ice on the road slowe
22、d us down.由于路面結(jié)冰,我們放慢了速度。反義詞:quick/fast adj.快的 工gma(2019, 北京卷,閱讀 C) Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down.13. smartHZEDn.聰明的,機(jī)靈的;智能的;時(shí)髦的 g £ 用法:表示“聰穎的,明智的”,例如:I was smart enough to wait for a week. 我彳艮明智,等了個(gè)星期。表示“智能的”,指機(jī)器、材料、技術(shù)等。例如: smart phone智能電話He felt an extreme
23、 sense of loss. 他感至U及其失落。用來形容人“衣著講究、光鮮的”,或表示“時(shí)髦的”。例如:You look very smart in that suit. 你穿上這套衣服顯得很精神。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:smartly adv.漂亮地;瀟灑地;smartness n.機(jī)靈,敏捷 同義詞:clever adj.聰明的(2019, d匕京卷, 閱讀 D) Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge.14. smellHSJ3V.嗅;聞到;發(fā)氣味;n.氣味詞形變化:過去 smelled或smelt,過去分詞 s
24、melled或smelt動詞用法:作連系動詞,表示“有某種氣味,聞起來像",smell+形容詞或smell like聞起來像。例如:The stew smelled delicious.這燉菜聞起來真香。What does the flower smell like? 這種花聞起來什么味道?表示“聞,嗅”,指把鼻子靠近某物這一動作。例如:Smell this and tell me what you think it is. 你聞一下這個(gè),然后告訴我是什么。表示“聞到,嗅到(某種東西的氣味)",常與 can/could連用,后面跟名詞。例如: I can smell cof
25、fee.我聞到了咖啡的味道。 名詞用法:表示“氣味”,可數(shù)名詞,其后常接of。例如:The air was filled with the smell of flowers.空氣中彌漫著花香。表示"嗅覺”,不可數(shù)名詞。常見于短語: sense of smell嗅覺表示“聞,嗅”,指這一動作,一般用單數(shù)。例如:Have a smell of this cheese; does it seem all right? 聞一聞這塊干酪,沒變味吧? 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:smelly adj.有臭味的,發(fā)臭的壬工團(tuán)2 2019 , d匕京卷, 閱讀 C) Secondly, and perhaps mos
26、t effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing.15. smoothRZZDadj.光滑的,平坦的;順利的用法:形容表面,“平滑的,光滑的",相當(dāng)于 flat。例如:Her skin felt smooth and cool.她的皮膚摸上去又滑又涼。CD表示“順利的,無困難、無問題的”。例如:Everyone hoped for the smooth operation of the
27、machine. 所有人者B期望機(jī)器穩(wěn)定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:smoothly adv.平滑地;順利地;流暢地;smoothness n.平滑,平坦;順利(2019 ,湖北卷,閱讀 C) And then, for the next few minutes, he read to me more smoothly than I ' d ever thought. 16. social|心;羔及adj.社會的:社交的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:social development/progress社會發(fā)展/進(jìn)步;social order社會秩序;social life社交生活 用法:本義表示“社會的,有關(guān)社會
28、的”;或“社會階層(地位)的”。例如:social problems, such as unemployment and education 失業(yè)和教育之類的社會問題 The students come from different social classes. 這些學(xué)生來自不同的社會階層。 表示“社交的,交際的”。例如:Group play helps children develop social skills. 小組游戲有助于兒童發(fā)展交際能力。 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:society n.社會;社團(tuán);socially adv.在社會上(2019,山東卷,單項(xiàng)填空)28. A break betwee
29、n classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it helps with students' health,improves their social skills.A. either; orB. neither; norC. not only; but also17. some 工ESDadj.一些,若干;有些,某些;某一; pron.若干,一些;有些,某些再用4形容詞用法:表示“一些,若干”,形容數(shù)量,修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞均可。例如:There'
30、s still some wine in the bottle. 瓶子里還有些葡萄酒。 Have some more vegetables.再吃點(diǎn)蔬菜吧。0表示“有些,一部分”,指相對整體或全部而言。例如:Some people believe in life after death.有些人相信死后還有來生。表示“某個(gè),某種”,指不知道確切是那個(gè)人或物。例如:There must be some reason for her behaviour. 她的行為定是有什么原因的。 代詞用法:分別與 some形容詞的前兩種含義相對應(yīng) d “一些,若干”,代指可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞均可。例如: I'v
31、e just made coffee. Would you like some? 我剛煮了咖啡,你想喝點(diǎn)嗎? “有些,一部分”,代指整體中的一部分,常與 of連用。例如: Some say it was an accident, but I don't believe it.有些人說那是一個(gè)意外,但我不相信。 Can I have some of your cake?我可以吃一點(diǎn)你的蛋糕嗎? 關(guān)聯(lián)單詞: somebody pron.某人,有人;someone pron.某一個(gè)人; something pron.某事,某物;sometimes adv.有時(shí);somewhere adv.在
32、某處 工工不殳1(2019,北京卷,單項(xiàng)填空)2.We planted some flowersthe garden yesterday.A. onB. to C. in D. of(2019 ,北京卷,閱讀 D) As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they' re not really forgotten.18. sort|趾上v.把分類,整理;n.種類,類別關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:sort
33、 sb./sth. out整理,使整齊;挑出,揀選;解決,處理(困境或難題)動詞用法:sort sth. into sth.把整理成;Let's sort all the clothes into piles.我們來把所有這些衣服都整理好分成幾堆。名詞用法:C1sort=kind ;其后常接 of; all sorts (kinds) of 各種各樣的;例如:There are all sorts of activities for kids in the kindergarten.在幼兒園有為孩子們組織的各種各樣的活動??谡Z中可用sort/kind of表示刊點(diǎn),有幾分”,例如:I
34、sort of like him, but I don 't know why.我有點(diǎn)喜歡他,但不知道為什么。工工事:51(2019 年,江西卷, 閱讀 B) On my way to school I wondered what sort of questions the other boys would ask me and practiced all the answers: "I am nine years old.19. soundEi第£v.聽起來;n.聲音動詞用法:sound主要作連系動詞,且有多重含義:O與聲響有關(guān),表示"聽起來像"
35、;;sound+形容詞,sound like , sound as if/though ;例如:I heard what sounded like fireworks. 我聽到像是煙花的聲音。,與人的話音(voice)相關(guān),表示“聽起來";sound +形容詞,sound like , sound as it/though;例如:You sound as if you ve got a cold.你聽起來好像感冒了。相當(dāng)于seem,表示“聽起來,看起來,好像”,其后也可接形容詞, like , as if/though等;另外還可直接 sound+名詞。例如:That sounds
36、a good idea.那主意聽起來很不錯(cuò)。名詞用法:。表示“聲,聲音”,指所聽到的聲響,注意不同于noise (指噪音,或特指吵鬧聲),可接of。例如:There were sounds of rats at midnight in this room. 這個(gè)房間半夜有老鼠的聲音。特指“(電視、廣播、電影等的)聲音”或“音量”。例如:Turn the sound down a little, will you? 把音量調(diào)低一點(diǎn)好嗎?詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:soundless(ly) adj.無聲的,寂靜的工工£女(2019年,浙江卷,完形)The once familiar voice soun
37、ded so 15 and strange.15. A. serious B. special C. weak D. cold20. special皂畫adj.特別的;專門的用法:CD表示“不尋常的,特別的,特殊的“,與普通相對;常用于anything/something/nothing special結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Are you doing anything special for Christmas? 你過圣誕節(jié)有什么特別活動嗎?表示“有專門目的的,其專門作用的”,例如:These teachers need special training. 這些教師需要專門的培訓(xùn)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:specially ad
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