最新全國(guó)考博英語(yǔ)詞匯

1、考博班內(nèi)部資料名?？疾┯⒄Z(yǔ)詞匯內(nèi)部資料（北京大學(xué)、山大、四川大學(xué)等名校使用）1 全腦活化人類左右腦分析比較：左腦：意識(shí)、低速、一般閱讀、知識(shí)、知覺(jué)、知性、邏輯右腦：無(wú)意識(shí)、超高速、速讀、創(chuàng)造力、視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)、味覺(jué)、圖像、色彩、 直覺(jué)右腦具備左腦沒(méi)有的特殊機(jī)能：1 超高速大量記憶機(jī)制2 圖像化機(jī)能3 超高速演算機(jī)能4 共振共鳴機(jī)能2 舉例說(shuō)明：1326231828301521112419221314253 詞匯記憶策略：聯(lián)想法、串聯(lián)法、構(gòu)詞法、近義詞、近形詞、易混淆詞、加減詞、固定搭配² euthanasia, chrysanthemum² flower-rose,

2、 lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, ² receive-deceive-conceive (-ceive= take; con- = 共同)² tumble-stumble （tumbleinto/through 跌倒；stumbleover / on 腳下拌到東西而跌倒）² stationary-stationery （文具，如筆pen,鉛筆pencil中含有"e", 故見(jiàn)到

3、"e"就想起是文具。）² genius - genuine (含有us的是天才，因?yàn)槲覀兪翘觳虐。×硪粋€(gè)就是“真正的”),² form-deform確（形狀；變形）² attach to第二部分實(shí)例練習(xí)1 聯(lián)想法carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour， abalone, flounder, cult, beau2 串聯(lián)法network:Internet-cyberspace-email-e-commerce-we

4、bsite-on-line-homepage-browse-retrieve-log on3 構(gòu)詞法-age （狀態(tài)、特性、行為）page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garagecoverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage （bond 結(jié)束、約束、債券；bondage就含有“束縛、奴役”

5、的意思）, damage, garbage （garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage,usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), dosagelanguage, image, heritage, engage-wardinward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,-coward, reward, award, a- (構(gòu)成作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞；構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞。)apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard,

6、 acrossalike, acute, alive, asleep, awareamaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amountaffirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow4 近義詞Merchants 煤商Blame forIncomeThievesDealers 買進(jìn)賣出商人Condemn forWagesBurglarsBusinessmen （廣義）商人Accuse ofS

7、alaryRobbersTradesmen （英）店主Criticize forPayBanditsScene 特別的景象，如泰山的日出AnnounceBuyersSyntheticScenery一國(guó)一地的自然風(fēng)光PublishShoppersFalseViews特別的景象AdvertiseCustomersImitationNature 強(qiáng)調(diào)大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象Inform ClientsCounterfeitArtificialUrgent 緊急SubstituteParticularHasty 草率SelectionPeculiarMortalInstant 立刻Pref

8、erenceSpecialFatalPrompt 快速；及時(shí)Alternative Unusual Deadly Contend 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；斗爭(zhēng)FraudPreliminaryImaginativeCompete比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)DeceivePrimaryImaginableStruggle斗爭(zhēng)CheatElementaryImaginedConflict 斗爭(zhēng)Dupe Fundamental Imaginary HinderDeclinePerplexReproachPrecludeDenyPuzzleScoldDetainRejectConfuse ComplimentRetardRefuse Re

9、primand HamperProtractReliableFatiguedEmptyPostponeConfidentTiredBlankCancelFaithfulExhaustedVacantDelayDependent Bored Bare Adjourn 5 近形詞4考博班內(nèi)部資料fictionfractionfrictionfunctiontumblestumblescramblehumbletrembleresumeconsumeassumepresumeresumptionconsumptionassumptionpresumptionborecoreporesoresimpl

10、ifymodifyverifyrectifyjustifytestifyrectifyverifytranscriptionsubscriptionprescriptiondescriptionattributecontributedistributetributeattitudealtitudeaptitudedescriptiveprescriptiveinterferenceinterruptioninterventioninteractiontransactiontransmissiontransformationtransitioncontactintactpossibilityva

11、lidityreliabilitysecurityconceivableperceivableariseriseraisearouserespectfulrespectablerespectedrespectivedetainattainretaincertaincontainroomdoomboomloomintenseintentionalintensiveintendingintendedassureensureinsurereassuresometimessome timesometimesome timeshatchcatchpatchmatchbarerarecaredarefar

12、eharebanishvanishdiminishadmonishdurabilityflexibilityversatilityhostilitycooperatecoordinatecorrelatecorrespondobservereserveconservepreservedeservepriorsuperiorinferiorseniorjuniorsparrowswallowhollowsorrownarrowpillowboldcoldfoldgoldholdmoldsoldtoldmigrantimmigrantimmigrateimmigrationemigrantemig

13、rateemigrationedgehedgewedgepledgededucereduceproduceinduceseduceprecludeexcludeincludeformdeforminformtransformconformcontemptattemptpromptexceptacceptconceptperceptreceivedeceiveconceiveperceiveachievebelievegrieverelieve考博班內(nèi)部資料名?？疾┯⒄Z(yǔ)詞匯內(nèi)部資料（北京大學(xué)、山大、四川大學(xué)等名校使用）自測(cè)題：1. 不看講義，試一試你的記憶力。利用聯(lián)想法，你能記住多少剛才所學(xué)的詞

14、：1_ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _10. _ 11. _ 12. _2. 列出以下單詞的近義詞：1. income2. mortal3. urgent4. synthetic5. deceive6. retard7. empty8. confuse9. buyer10. contend 3. 列出以下單詞的近形詞：1. tumble2. description3. justify4. attain5. attribute6. prior漢英對(duì)照近義詞Merchants 煤商Dealers 買進(jìn)賣出商人Businessmen （廣義）商人Trade

15、smen （英）店主Scene 特別的景象，如泰山的日出Scenery一國(guó)一地的自然風(fēng)光Views特別的景象Nature 強(qiáng)調(diào)大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象Urgent 緊急Hasty 草率Instant 立刻Prompt 快速；及時(shí)Contend 搏斗；爭(zhēng)奪 (compete against sb. in order to gain sth.) Compete比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng) (try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)compete with sb. for sth. / compet

16、e for office（爭(zhēng)奪公職） / againstStruggle斗爭(zhēng) (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedomConflict 斗爭(zhēng) （兩種觀點(diǎn)、信仰不能同時(shí)存在，不能都正確。）a conflict of opinion（分歧）; The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（關(guān)于發(fā)生的事情，兩個(gè)報(bào)道截然不同。）Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to d

17、o sth. Or for sth.to developHigh invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossibleAge alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to th

18、em, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留?。〩e was detained by a flat tire on his way home.The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth. happen more slowly than expected.（妨礙；推遲）Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.Bad roads ret

19、ard the car （失修的公路阻滯了車速。）Hamper: restrict sb. movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes.Hamper sb. from getting elected.Protract: last a long time, esp. longer than usualProtracted negotiations

20、曠日持久的談判Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了幾個(gè)星期Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or dateGail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.The football game had be

21、en cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.Don't delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short timeThe chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for把歸于Condemn for譴責(zé)Accuse sb. of sth.指責(zé)Criticize for批判Announce宣布；通知Publish發(fā)表；

22、出版Advertise為做廣告Inform 告知 (inform sb.of sth.)Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. else that you used previously. 替代品；替補(bǔ)Substitute teacher 代課教師Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.Preference: if you like

23、a preference for sth. you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or use instead of sth. else Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.Deceive: make sb. believe sth. that is not true in order to get what yo

24、u want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp. in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb. 哄騙；詐騙Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.Decline: refuse to do sth. （比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，禮貌拒絕邀請(qǐng)）Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she

25、 was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)Reject:拒絕申請(qǐng)，觀點(diǎn)，計(jì)劃Refuse: 拒絕邀請(qǐng)Turn down 拒絕（口語(yǔ)）Reliable可靠的；可信賴的（側(cè)重于始終如一。）Confident有信心的Faithful忠實(shí)的；可靠的（側(cè)重于“忠于”a reliable person, a faithful fighterDependent 從屬的；依靠的Income總收入Wages按周或日付酬Salary月薪；年薪Pay工資Buyers買主Shoppers家庭中外出購(gòu)物的人Custo

26、mers顧客Clients委托人Particular: special enough to mention separatelyPeculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp. in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.Taste peculiarSpecial: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important. a special dietunusual: different from

27、 what is usualspecial -specially or especiallyspecially: used when you do sth. that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)especially: to emphasize sth. is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things, ( , espe

28、cially when)Preliminary初步的；開(kāi)始的（強(qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)始之前有準(zhǔn)備工作）Primary最初的；主要的；基本的；沒(méi)有預(yù)備Elementary初步的；簡(jiǎn)單的Fundamental 基礎(chǔ)的Perplex（常用被動(dòng)）困惑；茫然；費(fèi)解Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.e.g. I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse sb. or make them feel slightly anxious because

29、 they do not understand sth.e.g. What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse （常用被動(dòng)）Make sb. feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.e.g. Don't give me so much information.- you are confusing me.I was confused.Fatigued: very tired.e

30、.g. fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth. is interesting, or because you have nothing to do.e.g. Children easily get bored.Thie

31、ves小偷；竊賊Burglars潛入室內(nèi)的盜賊Robbers強(qiáng)盜；賊Bandits土匪；強(qiáng)盜（常出沒(méi)在山區(qū)、森林）Synthetic合成的False假的；人造的（強(qiáng)調(diào)替代品，與原物不一樣，如假牙，人造瓚石）Imitation仿造的(Beware of imitation 謹(jǐn)防假冒)Counterfeit比Imitation更貶義Artificial人造的（強(qiáng)調(diào)生產(chǎn)方式，如：人工降雨）Mortal : causing death or likely to cause deathe.g. mortal injures / blow / combatFatal: resulting in sb

32、9;s deathe.g. fatal accident / illness / injuresDeadly : like dead in appearancee.g. His face has a deadly palenesslikely to cause deathe.g. deadly personlethal: causing death, or having the power to cause deathe.g. a lethal dose of a drugImaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way; g

33、ood at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind e.g. imaginative writer; imaginative childImaginable: emphasize that sth. is the best, worst example of sth. that it is possible to imagineAll, every, onlyImagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what

34、sth. could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.e.g. all the characters in this book are imaginary.Reproach: sb. for /with sth. for doing sth.blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angrye.g. Jake reproached her bitterly

35、 for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a child, about sth. that have done.Compliment: sb. on sth.Say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise himReprimand: sb. for sth.tell sb. officially that sth. they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb. severely, about sth. they have done w

36、rong. sb. for V-ingChide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb. because you do not approve of sth. they have done.ComplimentComplement : show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make them seem more attractive.Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not being usede.g. an empty table

37、in the corner empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left homeBlank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding;e.g. go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth. for TV; stop showing any imagesVacant: vacant seat, room empty and availabl

38、e for sb. to useVacant job, position empty and available for sb. to start withBare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; not covered by clothes, by trees or grassDeceived欺騙Deserted遺棄Desperated 絕望Disappointed失望近形詞fiction小說(shuō)fraction一部分friction摩擦function功能；職責(zé)tumble跌倒stumble拌倒scra

39、mble攀登；爭(zhēng)奪humble謙虛；羞辱tremble顫抖；擔(dān)心resume中斷后重新開(kāi)始consume消耗assume假定；假設(shè)；采用 (think that sth. is true although you have no proof of it. E.g. responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp. an important one) presume推測(cè)；冒昧 (think you can be sure of sth. because it is likely, although there is no proof. E.g. s

40、b. / sth. to be sth. / be ed to do sth. / to do sth.resumption恢復(fù)consumption消費(fèi)assumption假定；臆斷；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power) ( His air of assumption made him disliked.)presumption傲慢；推測(cè)；假定 (disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too

41、confident)boreV.鉆孔 n. 孔corev. 使厭煩n. 令人討厭的事porev. 注視n. 毛孔 a. 多孔的sorea. 疼痛的n. 痛處；潰瘍simplify簡(jiǎn)化modify更改對(duì)某物作稍微修改使其完善verify證實(shí)rectify糾正；把不滿意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況justify證明是有道理的testify證明rectify糾正；把不滿意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況verify證實(shí)transcription:抄寫(xiě)；翻譯；副本subscription： 捐贈(zèng)；訂閱；認(rèn)購(gòu)；prescription藥方；指令description：描述；描繪attribute把歸因于

42、（to ）contribute捐贈(zèng)；投稿contribute to有助于distribute分發(fā)；分配tribute貢品；勒索的錢(qián)財(cái)；頌詞attitude態(tài)度altitude高度aptitude天資；傾向latitude緯度multitude人群（a multitude of 許多）descriptive說(shuō)明的prescriptive規(guī)范的；約定俗成的interference干預(yù)（強(qiáng)調(diào)妨礙）interruption打斷intervention介于；在中間起作用interaction相互作用transaction辦理；交易；學(xué)報(bào)；相反作用transmission傳送；傳播；發(fā)送transform

43、ation轉(zhuǎn)換；改革transition變遷；過(guò)渡時(shí)期contact接觸；交往；有影響的熟人 （tact 圓滑，乖巧，外交手腕）intact完整無(wú)缺的possibility可能性validity有效性；正確性reliability可靠性security保障；安全感conceivable可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined. E.g. every conceivable meansperceivable可感知的；可認(rèn)識(shí)的arise:begin to happen (problem, difficulty)e.g. arise from= cause

44、d byrise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successfulraise: e.g. raise a question; waise your voicearouse: make you become interesting, expect sth. ; make sb. angry, afraid; wake sb.When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.People or government raise / increase the price. E.g. Th

45、e government is raising the tax.Respectful尊重別人的；有禮貌的Respectable值得人們尊重的；正派的Respected受到人們尊重的Respective各自的；各個(gè)的detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留?。〢ttain: succeed in reaching a particular level or

46、in getting sth. after trying for a long time.Retain: keep sb. or continue to have sth. e.g. retain a sense of dignityCertain: 一定Contain: 容納Room 房間Doom厄運(yùn)；毀滅；定罪Boom高潮，迅速發(fā)展Loom織布機(jī)Intense強(qiáng)烈的Intentional有意的；故意的Intensive精細(xì)的；強(qiáng)化的Intending打算；意欲intendedassure: tell sb. that sth. with definitely happen.e.g. sb.

47、 that be ed of: feel certain that sth. will happenensure: make sure that it does happen(AmE. Insure)e.g. Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building. Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety. E.g. The band's latest release has assured their success in the rock world.insure: against sth. bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.reassure: tell sb. that there is nothing to worry about.e.g. The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.sometimes有時(shí)some time一些時(shí)間sometime曾經(jīng)；有朝一日some times幾次hatch孵化catch捉