初三英語(yǔ)Unit4Iusedtobeafraidofthedark重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納

1、【重點(diǎn)單詞】1. humorous adj.有幽默感的；圖2. silent adj.沉默的；3. helpful adj.有用的，有幫助的：4. score n &v.得分，進(jìn)球。5. interview v &n.面試，采訪；6. dare v.敢于；膽敢；7. private adj.私人的，私密的。8. require v.需要；要求；9. European adj.歐洲的；10. British adj.英國(guó)的；【重點(diǎn)詞組】1. used to2. be afraid of the dark3. from time to time4. get good scores5

2、. deal with6. get tons of atte nti on7. read books on Europea n history8. Africa n culture9. be alone10. give a speech in public11. paint pictures12. be n ervous about tests13. in flue nee his way of thinking14. be proud of ./take pride in15. be abse nt from classes16. fail the exam in ati ons17. ma

3、ke a decisi on18. talk with sb in pers on19. to one surprise20. feel good about on eself21. a gen eral self- in troducti on22. in the last few years23. rema in sile nt24. have a great in flue nee on sb【重點(diǎn)句式】1. -You used to be short, did nt you?重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納解析11. speech n.講話；發(fā)言；12. ant n.螞蟻；13. insect n.昆蟲(chóng)1

4、4. influenee n &v影響；15. proud adj.自豪的，驕傲的；16. seldom adv.不常，很少；17. fail v不及格，失敗;18. general adj.普通的，常規(guī)的；19. introduction n.介紹；過(guò)去曾經(jīng)懼怕黑暗時(shí)常取得好的分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)付，應(yīng)對(duì)得到大量的關(guān)注閱讀有關(guān)歐洲歷史的書(shū)非洲文化獨(dú)處作一個(gè)公開(kāi)演講畫(huà)畫(huà)對(duì)考試感到緊張影響他的思維方式為感到驕傲逃課考試不及格下決心親自找某人談話使某人驚訝的是對(duì)自己充滿信心一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要的自我介紹在最近幾年保持沉默對(duì)某人有很大的影響-你過(guò)去個(gè)子矮，是嗎？-是的，我是。2. -What she like now

5、? -Hes tall now.-Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.-Yes, I did.她現(xiàn)在是什么樣？-她現(xiàn)在很高。3. Paula used to be really quiet, she was n ever brave eno ugh to ask questi ons.波拉以前很文靜，她從來(lái)不夠勇敢來(lái)問(wèn)題。4. Itthree years since we last saw our primary school classmates.自從我們上次見(jiàn)到我們的初中同學(xué)以來(lái)已有三年了。5. Emily didn tuse to eat a l

6、ot of vegetables, but now she loves carrots and tomatoes.艾米麗過(guò)去不吃許多蔬菜，但是現(xiàn)在她喜愛(ài)胡蘿卜和西紅柿。6. I used to be n ervous about tests all the time. What about you?-Yes, me too. And I used to hate P.E class.-我以前對(duì)考試一直感到緊張，你呢？-是的，我也是。并且我過(guò)去還討厭上體育課。7. My life has changed a lot in the last few years.我的生活在近幾年改變了許多?！局攸c(diǎn)知

7、識(shí)】Section A (1a 2d)a.詞匯包：be interested in對(duì).感興趣該短語(yǔ)后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式、名詞或代詞，其主語(yǔ)必須是人或其他有生命的東西。它相當(dāng)于show/take/have/feel (an)interest in，其中interest為名詞，意為興趣”。其中be可換用get或become以強(qiáng)調(diào)由不感興趣到感興趣?！緜湔n例句】Shes in terested in collect ing shells. =She shows an in terest in collect ing shells.她對(duì)收集貝殼感興趣。He became very interested

8、 in scie nee whe n he was ten.他十歲時(shí)就對(duì)科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。(以前不感興趣，十歲時(shí)開(kāi)始)【橫向輻射】in teresti ng & in terest“.interesting作形容詞，有主動(dòng)意味，意為“令人有趣的”，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)通常是物。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可修飾人，也可修飾物?！纠洹縏he story is very in terest ing.這故事很有趣。This is an in terest ing book.這是本有趣的書(shū)。2.interest作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)意為“興趣、趣味”。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“使(人)發(fā)生興趣”，其主語(yǔ)多為事物?！纠洹縏heyre

9、all places of great interest in China.它們都是中國(guó)的名勝。Your story interests me.你的經(jīng)歷引起了我的興趣。【課堂變式】I have_ to tell you. Maybe you will be_ in it.A. in teresti ng someth ing; in terestedB. someth ing in teresti ng; in teresti ngC. someth ing in teresti ng; in terestedD. someth ing in terested; in teresti ng【解

10、析】形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該放在其后面，可先排除A。另外，修飾某物時(shí)要用interesting，可排除D。第二空的you是人，故要用be interested in結(jié)構(gòu)。答案選擇C。b.句式包：I.Mario, you used to be short, didnyou?馬里奧，你過(guò)去很矮，對(duì)嗎？used to do sth意為過(guò)去常常做某事”，特指在過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在已不再發(fā)生， 其中used to可以看作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用于各種人稱?！緜湔n例句】He used to play soccer whe n he was you ng.他年輕時(shí)經(jīng)常踢足球。（現(xiàn)在不踢了）She used to

11、 be an En glish teacher.她過(guò)去是一位英語(yǔ)老師。（現(xiàn)在不是英語(yǔ)老師了）1.其否定句為didnt use to或used not to do，used not可縮寫(xiě)為usednt【備課例句】Mr. Li didn use to drink beer. =Mr. Li usednt to drink be李先生不常喝啤酒。2. used to的疑問(wèn)句形式是“Diduse to do或 “Usedto do”【備課例句】Did she use to get up early?=Used he to get up early?她過(guò)去經(jīng)常早起嗎？3. used to的反意疑問(wèn)句也用

12、助動(dòng)詞did（n或）used（n構(gòu)成。【備課例句】Mario used to be late for school, didnhe?馬里edr以前上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到，對(duì)不對(duì)？【橫向輻射】be used to do sth & be used to doing sth.1. be used to do sth表示“被用于做某事”，是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞use的承受者?！纠洹縒ood can be used to make desks.木材可用來(lái)制作書(shū)桌。Stamps can be used to send letters.由E票可用來(lái)寄信。2. be used to doing sth意

13、為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，其中to是介詞，后須接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式?！纠洹縄 was used to the hard life here.我習(xí)慣這里的艱苦生活。He is used to worki ng before six in the morni ng.他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣每天早晨六點(diǎn)以前干活。【課堂變式】1. She used to_ in the morning, but now she is used to_at ni ght.A. read; readB. read; readi ng C. read ing; readD. readi ng; readi ng【解析】前一空是used

14、to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)，后一空是be used to doing結(jié)構(gòu)。若第二空采用beused to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)she不能成為use的承受者。另外，由but now可知前一句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的情況，后一空說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。正確答案是B。2. I used to go outside on weekends.（改為否定句）I_to go outside on weekends.【解析】本題考查used to do的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。其否定句為didnt use to d或used not to do。正確答案是didnt use/used not2.What did his friends use

15、d to look like?他的朋友過(guò)去長(zhǎng)得什么樣子？What does sb look like?只用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某人的外貌長(zhǎng)相，相當(dāng)于What is sb like?, like在句中作介詞，意為“像”?！緜湔n例句】What does Tom look like? （=What is Tom like?）湯姆長(zhǎng)得什么模樣？He is very much like his father, tall and dark.他非常像他的父親又高又黑。【橫向輻射】What is sb/ sth like? & What does sb like?1. What is sb/ sth like?Wh

16、at is sb like?還可用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某人的品質(zhì)。What is sth. like?用來(lái)詢問(wèn)事物的性質(zhì)，特別是用來(lái)談?wù)撎鞖鉅顩r,like在句中作介詞，意為“像”。【例句】What is Lily like?莉莉是怎樣的一個(gè)人？Shes a very nice girl她是個(gè)非常好的女孩。WhatSe weather like?今天天氣怎么樣？Very fine.很晴朗。Whatthis book like?這本書(shū)怎么樣？Very interesting.很有趣。2. What does sb like?該句型用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某人“喜歡什么”，like為動(dòng)詞“喜歡”?！纠洹縒hat does Li

17、 Hua like?李華喜歡什么？He likes swimmi ng.他喜歡游泳。【課堂變式】What does the lady look like?_.A. Shes fine and wellB. Shes really a nice ladyC. Shes tall and thinD. She likes wearing skirts【解析】A意為“她身體很好” ，B意為“她的確是個(gè)好女士” ，C意為“她是個(gè)瘦高個(gè)”，D意為“她喜歡穿短裙子”。問(wèn)句是問(wèn)長(zhǎng)相如何，應(yīng)選C。Section A （3a 3a.詞匯包：1. dare敢于：膽敢：可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，也可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。（1）實(shí)義動(dòng)

18、詞dare后面接動(dòng)詞不定式to do【例句】I dare to swim across the riverI dont dare to say that.Do you dare to go with me?（肯定回答：Yes, I do.否定回答：No, I dont.）（2）dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面接動(dòng)詞原形（不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式）?！纠洹縄 dare nt say that.Dare you go with me?（肯定回答：Yes, I dare.否定回答：No, I dare not.）How dare you say that?If he dare break the rule ,

19、 he will be puni shed .注意：dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)主要用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句和條件從句中,不用于肯定句（只有一個(gè)例外一I dare say，但那是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，意思是我相信，可能，我想是這樣”）。（3） 在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)常用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的dare，但省略后面的to,直接接 動(dòng)詞原形?！纠洹縄 dont dare say that.Do you dare go with me?【備課例句】Mary dare not go home because she failed the math test again.瑪麗不敢回家，因?yàn)樗龜?shù)學(xué)考試又沒(méi)及格?！菊n堂變式】Wou

20、ld you like to come over to my house tomorrow?Oh, I d love to . but I am afraid of your pet dog. I_ go close to it ”A. canB. mustnC. needntD. daren【解析】由題意可知，我是怕你的寵物狗，而不敢靠近它.dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式為dare nt;故答案選D。2. give up放棄后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式或名詞，但不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。后接代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，代詞應(yīng)放在give和up之間。You should give up smok ing.你應(yīng)該戒煙。Math

21、is too difficult for me. I thinkI llgive it up.數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難。我想我會(huì)放棄它?！緳M向輻射】give的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)give in屈服，讓步；give back歸還；give away分發(fā)，贈(zèng)送；give sb a hand幫某人的忙【課堂變式】Is he still raising money for charity? I: -| IK- I . I I- .A. gives upB. gives outC. takes offI? *；【解析】gives out“分發(fā)” ；takes off脫下起飛” ；takes out拿出”。根據(jù)上句Is he

22、 still raising moneyfor charity?及答語(yǔ)Yes可知答案選A，意為放棄”。b.句式包：1. Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.凱迪告訴我她以前真的很害羞并且開(kāi)始唱歌來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)她的害羞。這是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。take up:開(kāi)始從事【備課例句】Jack took up running for exercise to lose weight this month杰克這個(gè)月在跑步鍛煉來(lái)減肥?！緳M向輻射】take up的用法(

23、1)占，占地方That big table takes up too much room.那張大桌子占的地方太大了。Lear ning En glish takes up a lot of my time.學(xué)英語(yǔ)占了我許多時(shí)間。(2)開(kāi)始從事We took up physical chemistry at college.在大學(xué)我們選學(xué)了物理化學(xué)課。(3)討論discussWe will take the next lesson up tomorrow.我們明天將要討論下一課。從事；經(jīng)手The teacher took up the less on where she stopped.老師從昨

24、天留下的部分開(kāi)始講。(5)讓乘客上車；接納The bus stopped to take up the stude nts.公共汽車停下來(lái)，讓這些學(xué)生上車?！菊n堂變式】Whatyour plan for the new school year?Oh, I am going to_a new hobby by lear ning to play the guitar.A. take partB. take upC. take backD. take care【解析】此題考查take相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)，由題意可知，我打算通過(guò)學(xué)彈吉它開(kāi)始一項(xiàng)新愛(ài)好。 答案選B。deal with對(duì)付”、應(yīng)付”【備課例句】T

25、he young woman teacher didn tknow how to deal with the noisy class.這位年輕的女教師不知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)喧鬧的課堂?！緳M向輻射】deal with與do with1 . do with常與連接代詞what連用，而deal with常與連接副詞how連用【例句】I don tknow how they deal with the problem . = I dont theknoowwithhe problem .我不知道他們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個(gè)問(wèn)題。2.這兩個(gè)詞組在使用時(shí)有細(xì)微的差別。一般地說(shuō)，do側(cè)重對(duì)象，deal側(cè)重方式方法；do wit

26、h表示 處置”、忍受”、相處”、有關(guān)”等。deal with意義很廣，常表示、 處理”、安排”、論 述”、涉及”等?！纠洹? . They found a way to do with the elephant.他們找到對(duì)付那頭大象的辦法了。2. They could properly deal with all ki nds of situati ons .他能恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)付各種局面。【課堂變式】1. The boss found two boys stealing his bread but he didn tknow_A. how to do withB. what to do with

27、themC. how to deal with itD. what to deal with【解析】deal with與do with都是處理，應(yīng)對(duì)的意思，故選A。do with常與連接代詞what連 用，而deal with常與連接副詞how連用.故選C。2. Only a very small number of people make it to the top.只有少量的人才成功地到達(dá)頂峰。a small number of意為：“少量的，為數(shù)不多的”。Make it意為“辦成，做到；成功”；用來(lái) 表示達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo)?！緜湔n例句】Today make it close to be lat

28、e for class.今天我差一點(diǎn)都遲至U了?！緳M向輻射】make it的用法一、 用來(lái)表示規(guī)定時(shí)間，常與can, let等詞連用?！纠洹緼:Shall we meet next week?下星期我們見(jiàn)面，好嗎？B:Yes. Lets make it next Sunday.好的，讓我們約定下星期日吧。二、 用來(lái)表示達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo)；辦成，做到；成功；發(fā)跡?！纠洹浚篢ell him I want to see him toni ght, at my house if he can make it.告訴他今晚我要見(jiàn)他，行的話就在我家。三、 用來(lái)表示及時(shí)抵達(dá)；趕上?！纠洹浚篐e wont be

29、 able to make it home at Christmas.圣誕節(jié)時(shí)他至U不了家。四、 用來(lái)表示(疾病)等得到好轉(zhuǎn)；得救?！纠洹浚篢he doctor knew that the patient was unlikely to make it.醫(yī)生知道那個(gè)病人沒(méi)什么希望了。五、 用來(lái)表示相處得很好，受歡迎(或尊重)，被接受(與with連用)?！纠洹浚篠he fin ally made it with the crowd in Hollywood.她終于受到好萊塢人的歡迎。六、 用來(lái)表示預(yù)定小吃?！纠洹浚篗ake it a cake and a bottle of orange.

30、來(lái)一塊蛋糕和一瓶橘汁?！菊n堂變式】Dongive up! Come on. I know you can make_.A. itB. thisC. thatD. so解析make it為固定搭配，意為：辦成，做到；成功”；用來(lái)表示達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo)。答案A.Section B (1a 1e)a.詞匯包：all the time一直；總是相當(dāng)于always?！緜湔n例句】I have been busy all the time.我一直很忙。【橫向輻射】time的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)in time及時(shí)on time按時(shí)for the first time第一次at the same time同時(shí)have a goo

31、d time過(guò)得愉快； 玩得開(kāi)心at times (=sometimes)有時(shí)【課堂變式】Look! The mon keys are jump ing_ .A. in timeB. for the first timeC. all the timeD. at times【解析】根據(jù)句意“瞧！這些猴子一直在跳”可確定答案是C。Section B (2a 2f)a.詞匯包1. cause (v.)造 成；使發(fā)生作動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)用法有：(1)后接名詞或代詞?！緜湔n例句】What cause his illness?是什么使他生??？后接雙賓語(yǔ)，即cause sb sth,意為給某人帶來(lái).”?！緜湔n例句】

32、Im afraid I m going to cause you much trouble.恐怕我會(huì)給你添很多麻煩。后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即cause sb/sth to do sth,意為促使某人做某事”?！緜湔n例句】Success causes him to work hard.成功促使他更加努力工作。【橫向輻射】cause作名詞cause作名詞時(shí)，意為原因”，近義詞為reason。表示.的原因”常用the cause of或the reas on for?！纠洹縒hat was the cause of the accident?這起事故的原因是什么？Give me your reas

33、on for doi ng that.給我你那樣做的理由。【課堂變式】Every year driving after drinking wine_a lot of traffic accide nts.A. happensB. providesC. causesD. affords【解析】happen發(fā)生” ；provide提供” ；affords買得起”。根據(jù)句意每年酒后駕車 引發(fā)大量交通事故”可確定選C。2. waste (v.)浪費(fèi)；濫用作動(dòng)詞，表示浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、精力、財(cái)力和物力等,常接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。另外waste還可用于waste sth on sth/sb和wastesth (in) d

34、oing sth結(jié)構(gòu)。【備課例句】He never wasted a moment.他從不浪費(fèi)一刻時(shí)間。Donwaste your time on these things.不要把你的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在這些事上。He wasted lots of time in playi ng computer games.玩電腦游戲浪費(fèi)了他很多時(shí)間。【課堂變式】1.你不要把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在看電視上。_Donwaste your timeTV .2.讓那個(gè)孩子不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。_Ask the childtime.【解析】1.in watching 2.not to waste3. make a decision下決定；

35、下決心該短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞decide。decision是動(dòng)詞decide的名詞形式。【備課例句】She could n ot make a decisi on about the dresses.她對(duì)(買不買)這衣服下不了決心。We need to make a decision on this by next week.我們得在下周前就這一問(wèn)題作出決定?！菊n堂變式】Jack, will your family move to Shan ghai?Yes. Thats a very big my parents made.A. decideB. decisi onC. educati onD.

36、differe nee【解析】decide是動(dòng)詞，意為決定”；decision是名詞，意為決定”；education是名詞， 意為“教育” ；differenee是名詞，意為“差異，不同”。根據(jù)句意“那是我父母做的一個(gè)大 決定”以及空格前的a確定用decide的名詞形式，故選B。4. no longer不再；已不【備課例句】I go there no Ion ger.我不再去那兒了。She no longer needed the shoe!她不再需要那只鞋子了?！緳M向輻射】no tany Ion ger & not any more1. notany longer意為不再”，?？膳cn

37、o Ion ger替換，多指過(guò)去持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已不能再繼 續(xù)下去，側(cè)重指時(shí)間上不再延長(zhǎng)。【例句】I canwait for you any Ion ger.=I canno Ion ger wait for you.我不能再等至M爾了。2. notany more也意為不再”，可與no more替換，多指再也不重復(fù)過(guò)去反復(fù)做或發(fā)生的具體動(dòng)作?！纠洹縏he baby didncry any more.=The baby no more cried.那個(gè)嬰兒不再哭了?！菊n堂變式】He no Ion ger lives here.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換） He_here_ .【解析】does nt livea ny Ion ger。5. take pride in對(duì).感到自豪在此短語(yǔ)中，pride為名詞