2015年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工類(lèi)A級(jí)》真題及答案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2015年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)A級(jí)真題及答案第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第115題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線(xiàn)，請(qǐng)為每處劃線(xiàn)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. control B. observe C. regulate D. Accept【答案】D2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. Taste【答案】B【解析】ap

2、titude 天賦have a aptitude for=have a gift /talent for3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. Destiny【答案】C4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. Sensible【答案】C5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadly B. open

3、C. actual D. Active【答案】A【解析】A.deadly 致死的;B.open打開(kāi)的;C.actual實(shí)在的;D.Active積極的。mortal致命的、致死的;immortal 不朽的題干：他們被鎖起來(lái)進(jìn)行致命的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. Sum【答案】C7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clear B. necessary C. spec

4、ial D. Correct【答案】A【解析】A.clear清楚的;B.necessary必要的;C.special特殊的;D.Correct正確的transparent 明顯的、顯然的題干：這些過(guò)程被認(rèn)為是復(fù)雜的且沒(méi)有那么清楚的。8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat【答案】C【解析】stock exchange證券交易所in turmoil處于混亂中題干：證券交易所在一次大的拋售后處于混亂。9. He bel

5、ieves that Europe must change or it will perish.A. survive B. last C. die D. Move【答案】C【解析】perish 死亡，枯萎題干：他認(rèn)為歐洲必須改變否則它就會(huì)死亡。A.survive幸存;B.last持續(xù);C.die死亡;D.Move移動(dòng)。10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fair B. full C .coexisting D. Public【答案】C11. They promote assimilation

6、of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policy B. value C .equality D. Integration【答案】D【解析】assimilate同化、吸收-assimilation題干：他們宣傳民族同化，吸收進(jìn)主流文化。A.policy政策;B.value價(jià)值;C.equality同等;D.Integration組合。12. A salesmans cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principal B. official C. simple D. Legal【答案】A

7、【解析】cardinal 主要的cardinal rule 主要問(wèn)題、基本原則題干：銷(xiāo)售人員的主要職責(zé)就是滿(mǎn)足顧客。A.principal主要的;B.official官方的;C.simple簡(jiǎn)單的;D.Legal合法的。13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silence B. praise C .assure D. Complain【答案】B【解析】compliment 贊揚(yáng)，稱(chēng)贊compliment sb on sth題干：我必須稱(chēng)贊你，在一個(gè)非常困難的情況下處理好事情。注意與c

8、omplemen補(bǔ)充，區(qū)分開(kāi)。A.Silence安靜;B.praise贊揚(yáng);C.assure確信;D.Complain抱怨14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. Continuous【答案】D【解析】perpetual 永久的不斷的題干：我們常年一直處于害怕的狀態(tài)。A.emotional情感的;B.nervous緊張的;C.terrible可怕的;D.Continuous持續(xù)的、不斷的。15. The starving children were a pa

9、thetic sight.A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. Pitiful【答案】D【解析】pathetic可憐的sympathetic 同情的sympathy題干：這些挨餓的孩子真是很可憐。A.common普遍的;B.unexpected意想不到的;C.unforgettable難以忘記的;D.Pitiful 可憐的。第2部分 閱讀判斷Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientistshave long speculated as to why animal speci

10、es didnt flourish sooner, oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earths surface. Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago but what about thebillion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also wasplenty of oxygen?Well,it seems the air w

11、asnt so great then, after all.Ina study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and hiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period wereonly 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earths atmosphere couldnthave supported a diversity of creatures, n

12、o matter what genetic advancementswere poised to occur.“There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise ofanimals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level ofoxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christ

13、opherReinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “Were providing the firstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentiallyprevent the rise of animals.”Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancientsediments from China, Australia, C

14、anada, and the United States. Chromium isfound in the Earths continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near theshore. They compared their data with ot

15、her samples taken from younger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygensrole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.“We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gaveus the proxy.” Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40%

16、 of todaysconditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.Inthe new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highlydynamic” in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes.However, t

17、hey said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference inthe nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.“If we are right, ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving env

18、ironment,” saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be agame changer.”Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and the NationalScience Foundations Earth-Life Transitions program, awarded to Planavsky,Reinhard, and Lyons.Theother membe

19、rs of the research team included Xiangli Wang, a postdoctoral fellowat Yale; Thomas Johnson, of the University of Illinois; Danielle Thomson, ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick, of the University of Tasmania; andWoodward Fischer, of the California Institute of Technology.16.The study discovered

20、 the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoicperiod.A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17.Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A. Right B. Wrong C.Not mentioned18. The teamwas funded by several research institutes.A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19.

21、Geneticadvancements triggered the rise of animals.A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. Thesamples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A. Right B. Wrong C.Not mentioned21. Thestudy revealed that chromium found in Earths continental crust remained stablebefore and after the rise of a

22、nimals.A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. TimLyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分 概括大意與完成句子FirstImage-recognition Software1.Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial 1 ,software that uses photos to locate documents o

23、n the Internet with far gre jthan ever before.2.The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to , Ishows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (運(yùn)算法則)or ,ma9e I recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough toimprove large seaie , document searches o

24、nline. The system uses pixel (像素)data in images and potentia y video rather than just text to locatedocuments. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase bystudying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledgegleaned (收集) from those results can then beapplie

25、d to other photos without tags or captions making for more accuratedocument search results.3.Over the last 30 years, says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani,a co-author of the study, the Web has evolved from a small collection ofmostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia

26、dataset,where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a personlooks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popularsearch engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained inthe p

27、hotos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the documentretrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systemsare accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the informationcontained in image pixels to improve document search.4.The researchers designed

28、 and tested a machine vision system a type ofartificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitlyprogrammed that extracts semantic (語(yǔ)義的) information from thepixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich thedescription of the HTML page used by search eng

29、ines for document retrieval. Theresearchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查詢(xún))on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retheval searchengine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additionalsemantic information extracted by their

30、method from the pictures of the Webpages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision overthe original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 _B_24. Paragraph 2 _C_25. Paragraph 3 _E_26. Paragraph 4 _D_A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication of the new discove

31、ryC.Function of the new systemD.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems of the existing search enginesF.Improvement in document retrieval27. The new system does documentretrieval by _C_.28. The new system is expected toimprove precision in _B_.29. When performing documentretrieval the exi

32、sting search engines ignore _A_30. The new system was found moreeffective in document search than the _E_A.information in imagesB.current popular search enginesC.using photosD.machine vision systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page第4部分 閱讀理解Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat,More Li

33、ghtSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they havent been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. Thats because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, wh

34、ich lets the silicon generate more electricity but isnta very efficient way to gather heat.Thats a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And its also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up

35、all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, anassociate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Giro

36、tra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queens University, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They dont create as much electricity, but t

37、hey are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose t

38、hem to light pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film sili

39、conin a new type of PVT. You dont have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearces group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When

40、they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cells electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.31. PVTs are not efficient inA. creating electricity.B. cooling silicon solar cells.C. generating

41、heat.D. powering solar thermal collectors.32. One of the problems PVTs have is thatA. their thermala pplications are costly.B. they are too expensive to afford.C. it is hard to fix them on the roof.D. they occupy too much space.33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film

42、 silicon solar cells?A. They are flexible.B. They are less expensive.C. They are electrically efficient.D. They are environment friendly.34. Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market becauseA. they do not work well if exposed to light.B. their advantages are not well-recognized.C. they need

43、improving in appearance.D. they are not advertised.35 Which of the following statements is true?A. New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.B Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.C Thin-film silicons electrical efficiency improves when heated up.D Anew materi

44、al enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.譯文：第十三篇 更有效的太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)：更多熱量，更強(qiáng)燈光太陽(yáng)能光伏熱能系統(tǒng)，也叫PVT，能夠生成熱量和電能。與太陽(yáng)熱能單機(jī)收集器相比，傳統(tǒng)太陽(yáng)能光伏熱能系統(tǒng)在轉(zhuǎn)換熱能方面效率不是很高。原因是，為了使晶體硅太陽(yáng)能電池冷卻，該系統(tǒng)在低溫下工作。因此，硅體能產(chǎn)出更多的電能，卻不能有效地產(chǎn)生熱量。第一，經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。好的太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)比太陽(yáng)能電力系統(tǒng)收集的能量更多，而且成本低得多。第二，空間問(wèn)題。光電管占去屋頂?shù)乃械目臻g，幾乎沒(méi)有空間留給熱能的產(chǎn)出。在一項(xiàng)研究中，材料科學(xué)與工程副教授Josh

45、ua Pearce找到了一個(gè)解決方案：用另外一種硅制成PVT來(lái)解決效能問(wèn)題。他的合作者有：來(lái)自加利福尼亞ThinSilicon的Kunal Girotra和加拿大皇后大學(xué)的Michael Pathak和Stephen Harrison。大部分太陽(yáng)能電池板是由晶體硅制成，但是，你也可以用非晶硅制成太陽(yáng)能電池，這種非晶體硅通常被叫作薄膜硅。它們不能產(chǎn)生那么多的電能，但是更亮、更靈巧、成本更低。而且，由于它們需要的硅較少，它們更環(huán)保。不幸的是，薄膜硅太陽(yáng)能電池易受SWE效應(yīng)攻擊(在光的照射下，非晶硅氫的導(dǎo)電性短時(shí)間內(nèi)顯著衰退，這種特性被稱(chēng)為SWE效應(yīng))?！爱?dāng)被暴露在光線(xiàn)下，那就意味著它們的能效會(huì)降低

46、這幾乎是太陽(yáng)能電池最可能糟糕的效應(yīng)?！盤(pán)earce解釋道。這就是薄型太陽(yáng)能板只占有一少部分市場(chǎng)的原因。然而，Pearce和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)把薄膜硅合成為一種新型的PVT，可以克服或繞過(guò)SWE效應(yīng)。這種方法可以不用冷卻薄膜硅而讓它們產(chǎn)生效能。事實(shí)上，Pearce團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)把薄膜硅加熱到太陽(yáng)熱能操作溫度，即臨近水的沸點(diǎn)，可以把它制成較厚的電池，從而可以遏制SWE效應(yīng)。當(dāng)把薄膜硅直接應(yīng)用到太陽(yáng)熱能集熱器時(shí)，他們也發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果一天把太陽(yáng)能電池加熱一次，那么太陽(yáng)能的電力效能會(huì)增加10%。第二篇 Whats killing the BatsFirst it was bees. Now it is bats. B

47、iologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed ha

48、t, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌)known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists dont know If th

49、e fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been

50、declining in recent years. If bats cant eat enough food, they starve to death.Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠)bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might

51、 not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects

52、 in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there arent enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat While bats live a long time for their size 一 the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years 一 a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat

53、 populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department with the details. However, be carefu

54、l not to touch the animals.36. What is the main idea of this passage?A. All species of bats in North America are dying.B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of batsC. The bat deaths are a serious problem.D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.【答案】D【解析】文章的題目是“是什么殺死了蝙蝠”。第

55、一段引入了蝙蝠離奇的死亡，第二，三，四段都是寫(xiě)了蝙蝠死亡的可能的幾個(gè)原因，第五段寫(xiě)了蝙蝠死亡帶來(lái)的結(jié)果，最后一段是告訴人們?nèi)绾螏椭?。所以選擇的是D。做這類(lèi)題型一定注意正確的細(xì)節(jié)選項(xiàng)。A.北美所有的蝙蝠種類(lèi)都在死亡。B.科學(xué)家已經(jīng)知道了蝙蝠死亡的原因。C.蝙蝠的死亡是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。D.蝙蝠死亡有很多可能的原因。37. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Bees have been dying mysteriously. B. The first article on the website is about bees.C

56、. Bees usually die before bats. D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.【答案】A【解析】 First it was bees. Now it is bats. 之前是蜜蜂，現(xiàn)在是蝙蝠。后面說(shuō)了蝙蝠死亡，說(shuō)明蜜蜂之前也是離奇死亡。選擇A 。A.蜜蜂離奇死亡。B.這個(gè)網(wǎng)站上的第一篇文章是關(guān)于蜜蜂。C.蜜蜂通常在蝙蝠之前死亡。D.蜜蜂導(dǎo)致了蝙蝠的死亡。38. The word “pipistrelle in Paragraph 1 refers toA. a kind of fungus. B. an area in the U.S. C. a special cave. D. a kind of bat.【答案】D【解析】Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed