材料與方法的寫作

1、章材料與方法的寫作Contents材料與方法寫作內(nèi)容1材料與方法英文表達(dá)2Click to add Title3Click to add Title41. Materials and methods: 寫作內(nèi)容 明確描述實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象和方法的選擇, 醫(yī)學(xué)論文中還應(yīng)說明實(shí)驗(yàn)過程是否符合倫理學(xué)要求 詳細(xì)描述實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟，詳略得當(dāng)、重點(diǎn)突出 包括所有必要的細(xì)節(jié)(以便他人能夠重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)) 描述要準(zhǔn)確(“room temperature” is not an accurate description) 參考擬投稿期刊的表達(dá)方式寫作內(nèi)容 列舉建立方法的參考文獻(xiàn)，并做簡(jiǎn)要描述(但不需全部重復(fù)描述) 如果對(duì)已有

2、方法進(jìn)行了新的或?qū)嵸|(zhì)性的改進(jìn)，就要清楚地說明改進(jìn)的理由 明確寫出實(shí)驗(yàn)條件，實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑的規(guī)格、制造廠家等 寫明數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析方法。2. 材料與方法: 英文表達(dá) 不可遺漏動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：不可遺漏動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：To determine its respiratory quotient, the organism was (the organism determine?)Having completed the study, the bacteria were of no further interest. (the bacteria completed the study?) 文獻(xiàn)引用盡量準(zhǔn)確、具體：文

3、獻(xiàn)引用盡量準(zhǔn)確、具體： cells were broken by as previously described9 應(yīng)改為：cells were broken by ultrasonic treatment as previously described9. 材料與方法部分的時(shí)態(tài)材料與方法部分的時(shí)態(tài)(1)材料與方法部分多屬回顧性敘述，一般用材料與方法部分多屬回顧性敘述，一般用過去時(shí)過去時(shí)表示，有表示，有時(shí)也可用時(shí)也可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且，且多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：。例如： The study was conducted in the tertiary level Neonatal

4、 Unit of a teaching hospital over one year period. 本項(xiàng)目對(duì)冠心病猝死的男性心臟進(jìn)行前瞻性研究。本項(xiàng)目對(duì)冠心病猝死的男性心臟進(jìn)行前瞻性研究。1994年年1月至月至1997年年5月馬里蘭州的醫(yī)學(xué)人員對(duì)這些心臟進(jìn)行過月馬里蘭州的醫(yī)學(xué)人員對(duì)這些心臟進(jìn)行過研究。冠狀動(dòng)脈固定術(shù)、心臟解剖以及組織標(biāo)本制作情況研究。冠狀動(dòng)脈固定術(shù)、心臟解剖以及組織標(biāo)本制作情況如前所述。如前所述。 Hearts from men who died of sudden coronary death were studied in a prospective fashion. T

5、hese hearts were seen in consultation with the medical examiner in the state of Maryland between January 1994 and May 1997. Coronary artery fixation, cardiac dissection, and tissue sampling were performed as previously described.(2)說明研究或?qū)嶒?yàn)之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，用說明研究或?qū)嶒?yàn)之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，用過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)；表示過去以前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用表示過去

6、以前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：。例如： 受試者就座至少受試者就座至少5分鐘后，由訓(xùn)練有素的觀察者用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分鐘后，由訓(xùn)練有素的觀察者用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水銀血壓計(jì)測(cè)量?jī)纱窝獕?。水銀血壓計(jì)測(cè)量?jī)纱窝獕骸?BP was measured twice by trained observers using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer after the subject had been seated for at least 5 minutes. 877例胃癌患者中，有例胃癌患者中，有9例原已確診為惡性貧血。例原已確診為惡性貧血。 Among 87

7、7 patients with gastric cancer，pernicious anaemia had previously been diagnosed in 9. 12名兒童患者中有名兒童患者中有7名患者在進(jìn)行膽囊切除術(shù)時(shí)年齡不名患者在進(jìn)行膽囊切除術(shù)時(shí)年齡不足足6歲。年齡最小的是一名歲。年齡最小的是一名9個(gè)月的男孩，在出生后不久便個(gè)月的男孩，在出生后不久便因十二指腸創(chuàng)傷一直接受全胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)。因十二指腸創(chuàng)傷一直接受全胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)。 Seven of the 12 children were less than 6 years of age at the time of cholecyste

8、ctomy, and the youngest was a 9-month-old boy who had been receiving total parenteral nutrition since shortly after birth after duodenal trauma.(3) 說明圖表內(nèi)容和數(shù)值表示法等，用說明圖表內(nèi)容和數(shù)值表示法等，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 所有標(biāo)本均在所有標(biāo)本均在-20下冷凍，用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定法下冷凍，用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定法測(cè)定。測(cè)定。 All samples has been frozen at -20 until tested by conventional ELISA -The abbreviation(s) is /are the same as that/those in Tab. 1. - Results are expressed as Mean SD -Data are given as the mean number of