英語考級基本語法重難點(diǎn)

1、語態(tài)窗體頂端英語中語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 語態(tài)的作用：語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。 語態(tài)的選用：如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，謂語用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例如：We clean the room every day. 如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者說是動(dòng)作的對象，謂語則是要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例如：The room is cleaned every day. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種形式 以ask 為例列表如下： 時(shí)態(tài) 方式 一般時(shí)態(tài) 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn) 在 Amisaskedare amis being askedare has / have been asked過去 was / wer

2、e asked was / were being asked had been asked將來shall / will be askedshall / will have been asked過去將來 should / would be askedshould / would have been asked將來完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式實(shí)際上很少使用。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。如果這些結(jié)構(gòu)要變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，可以用完成時(shí)態(tài)或一般時(shí)態(tài)。 例 1.A）We have been discussing the problem for two days.B）The problem

3、has been discussed for two days.我們討論這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)兩天了。 例 2.A）We shall be discussing it tomorrow.B）It will be discussed tomorrow.動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考，而是和時(shí)態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動(dòng)詞一起考，需要注意以下考點(diǎn)。考點(diǎn)一：不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和詞組come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist,

4、fail, succeedIt took place before liberation. 考點(diǎn)二：下列動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用。lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (責(zé)備)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 寫 )；Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly. 這車走起來很穩(wěn)。The case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。The book sel

5、ls well. 這本書很暢銷。考點(diǎn)三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動(dòng)句型：Itbe過去分詞that從句，或主語be過去分詞to do sth.It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated,這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說”，“人們認(rèn)為”，而 “以前人們認(rèn)為” 則應(yīng)該說：It was believed, It was thought【例如】 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.The boy is said to have pa

6、ssed the national exam. It was reported that 60% students in the university had passed CET-6.60% students in the university were reported to have passed CET-6.考點(diǎn)四：特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞。 【例如】The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. This instrument must be handled with

7、great care. In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things.2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。 【例如】 The delegation was given a warm send-off at the airport. He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making th

8、e necessary preparation.3)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，原句中的賓語補(bǔ)語成為主語補(bǔ)語。能用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：declare, call, consider, elect, appoint, nominate, find, leave, like, make, prefer, think, want等。 【例如】 She was nominated a member of the council. Professor Smith was appointed the head of the Philosophy Department.4)在使役動(dòng)詞have

9、, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to.【例如】 A stranger was seen to walks into the building. She was made to clean the floor.5) 非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞)非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種形式也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般常用的是一般體和完成體的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如下表： 非謂語動(dòng)詞 被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式 一般 不定式 to be done動(dòng)名詞 being done現(xiàn)在分詞 be

10、ing done完成 不定式 to have been done動(dòng)名詞 having been done現(xiàn)在分詞 having been done例如: It is a great honor for him to have been elected a model worker. (不定式完成體的被動(dòng)語態(tài))This new teaching method has the advantage of shaving been tried a number of times by experienced teachers. (動(dòng)名詞完成體的被動(dòng)語態(tài))時(shí)態(tài)窗體頂端漢語的時(shí)態(tài)大多是通過副詞來表達(dá)的，而

11、英語的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞的變化和時(shí)間狀語來表達(dá)的。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是?？嫉幕蜉^常用的只有9種，而且重點(diǎn)測試完成時(shí)態(tài)。要掌握英語的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，必須掌握好英語中的助動(dòng)詞(do, be, have)和時(shí)間狀語這兩個(gè)核心問題。1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is s

12、ituated in the south of China.考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;條件：if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he

13、will get more money soon.考點(diǎn)三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 賓語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)。考點(diǎn)四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來時(shí), 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The harder you study, the better results you will g

14、et.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表說話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：或表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語氣。與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble. 考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake hi

15、m up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考點(diǎn)二：表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語）。Marry is leaving on Friday.3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語：考點(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語：l

16、ately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來”時(shí)間狀語中，謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout h

17、istory 等考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.4一般過去時(shí)表在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday

18、; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：考點(diǎn)一：used to + do，表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。to為不定式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。be/become/get used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時(shí)。He promised to buy me a computer if he g

19、ot a raise 5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?6. 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤

20、立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.No so

21、oner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝）考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用過去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。I had hoped that I could do the job

22、.I had intended to see you but I was too busy.7. 一般將來時(shí)表在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá)5種。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.考點(diǎn)一：一般將來時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。）考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短

23、暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考點(diǎn)三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時(shí)。Use your head and you will find a way.考點(diǎn)四：“am (is, are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事?！癮m (is, are) about to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?！癮m (is, are) to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示

24、必須、必然或計(jì)劃將要做的事。They are to be married in this May.8、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會(huì)我正在寫作業(yè)。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9、將來完成時(shí)表在將來某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語非常明顯?？键c(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語一般用by+將來的時(shí)間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclo

25、ck this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back f

26、rom school.虛擬語氣窗體頂端虛擬語氣是一項(xiàng)語法難點(diǎn)，為了讓學(xué)員們便于理解與記憶，我們把虛擬語氣分成三大塊來討論：1名詞從句中的虛擬語氣標(biāo)志詞+should+動(dòng)詞原形2條件從句中的虛擬語氣 三種基本態(tài) 倒裝虛擬句 混時(shí)虛擬句 含蓄虛擬句 跳層虛擬句3其它情形中的虛擬語氣（wish/would rather/Its high time/If only/lest） 三種基本形態(tài)（1）表虛擬的時(shí)間 if從句謂語形式主句謂語形式現(xiàn)在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do 過去：had done/ had been would (should/mi

27、ght/could)+have done(been) 將來：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do 三種基本形態(tài)（2）（這是基礎(chǔ)，建議牢記下面的例句，爭取能脫口而出）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.與過去事實(shí)相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book. 與將來事實(shí)相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book. If I should h

28、ave enough money, I would buy a book. 二、倒裝虛擬句（只能與過去/將來事實(shí)相反，省去if，只有三種倒裝形式）Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book. Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book. Should I have enough money, I would buy a book. 三、混合時(shí)間虛擬語氣（主要是抓住時(shí)間狀語）(對過去事實(shí)虛擬+對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)虛擬) If I had studied English at school, I c

29、ould read the English novel now. (對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)虛擬+對過去事實(shí)虛擬) If she were not so careless, she wouldnt have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虛擬句（在四級考試中目前還未出現(xiàn)此考點(diǎn)，但在閱讀中常見）What would I have done without you? But for their help, I would not have finished the task. But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would h

30、ave been dead. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test. 五、跳層虛擬句(即句子一半為虛擬，另一半為陳述語氣；but前句用虛擬而or/otherwise后句用虛擬） (but) He would put on weight, but he doesnt eat much. (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反) He would have put on weight, but he didnt eat much. (與過去事實(shí)相反) (or, or else, otherwise) I forget where I rea

31、d the article, or I would show it to you now. (與現(xiàn)在相反)Mary couldnt have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (與過去相反)六、名詞從句虛擬語氣(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建議等含義的動(dòng)詞后

32、的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名詞從句虛擬語氣(2) It is +(形容詞/過去分詞/特定名詞)+that的從句中，形容詞主要是表示令人吃驚的、重要的、必要的、關(guān)鍵的等詞匯。形容詞：astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, pr

33、oper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。名詞從句虛擬語氣(3) 過去分詞：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名詞：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement,

34、idea, order等七、其它虛擬語氣Wish I wish I knew the answer.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)I wish I had known the answer. (與過去事實(shí)相反) I wish you would shut up. (與將來事實(shí)相反) if onlyIf only I were taller. (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反) If only he had followed your advice! (與過去事實(shí)相反) If only the rain would stop. (與將來事實(shí)相反) It is (high/about) time It is time you

35、 thought about your future. would rather I would rather you didnt speak rudely to her. (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反) Id rather you hadnt spoken rudely to her. (與過去事實(shí)相反) Lest, in case, for fear that（引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語從句，(should)+動(dòng)詞原形）eg. He took his umbrella lest it should rain. 大學(xué)英語虛擬語氣考題總結(jié):答案的特征1.(should)+動(dòng)詞原形(一般式/被動(dòng)式/否定式)記住信號(hào)詞

36、（名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞，分詞等）以及l(fā)est.2. 一般過去時(shí)：wish/If only/would rather/Its time (high/about) that. 3.基本形式（主要考與過去和將來相反的虛擬語氣）,特別注意時(shí)間狀語(混合時(shí)間虛擬) 4.倒裝的兩個(gè)時(shí)間：與過去，與將來相反；三個(gè)形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大寫，if省去；5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳層虛擬語氣)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞窗體頂端情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的測試要點(diǎn)：1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用主要根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的含義2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞的完成形式的用法。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測性用法。在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的

37、推測性用法中，must, can, may, might, could各用于不同的句型，應(yīng)注意分辨。對事情的把握由強(qiáng)到弱順序?yàn)閙ustcancouldmaymight 具體使用規(guī)律為：must只用于肯定句中。can/could不能用于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑問句中。另外還應(yīng)注意cant表示不可能，may not表示可能不。考試時(shí)，如果有原因說明自己的猜測，一般應(yīng)該must, cant用而不是may, may not。如：He cant have stolen the money; he is not such kind of person.Some pleasant thing

38、must have happened to him. He is so excited.注意推測性用法中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如果推測的為過去的事情，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后則用完成形式。There must have been no one in, for nobody answered the phone.如果推測的是正在進(jìn)行的事情，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后則用動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行形式。They must be talking about something very secret.如果推測的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)等，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后則用原形動(dòng)詞He must be badly ill. He looks so pale.如果推測的是將來發(fā)生的

39、事情，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后同樣用原形動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能是may/might。There may be a terrible storm in the following few days.4）注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的完成形式所表達(dá)的意思與題干意思是否相符。其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞的完成形式并不表示推測，而分別表示：could have done本來能夠He didnt take part in the competition, he _ though.A. won B. didnt win C. could win D. could have wonneednt have done 本來沒不要You _.

40、 There was plenty of time.A. neednt hurry B. cant hurryC. mustnt have hurried D. neednt have hurriedshould/ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該You _ me earlier. I could have helped you.A. should tell me B. should have toldC. need to tell D. neednt have toldshouldnt/oughtnt to have done 本來不應(yīng)該You _ him so closely;

41、 you should have kept your distance.A. shouldnt follow B. mustnt followC. couldnt have been followingD. shouldnt have been followingmight have done 本來應(yīng)該（用來表示一種責(zé)備）You _ even though you were busy at that time.A. might help himB. must have helped himC. might have helped him D. should help him這類題在設(shè)計(jì)干擾項(xiàng)時(shí)

42、，一般都會(huì)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測性用法的涉及，應(yīng)注意上下文的邏輯和語意關(guān)系。5）注意常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本句法和表意功能would的用法：a) 用于提出提議或邀請例：Would you like to change a seat? Its warmer here.（您要不要換一下座位？這里暖和些。）Would you prefer a hardback edition?（您要不要買一本精裝本？）b) 用于提出客氣的要求或請求：例：I would like you to fetch that document for me now.（我想請你現(xiàn)在就幫我把那份文件取來。）I would like to kno

43、w more about your plan.（我想更多地了解一下你的計(jì)劃。）c) would you mind + doing句型通常用于表示請求對方做一件有一定麻煩的事情，語氣一般都非?？蜌?。注意回答時(shí)通常是肯定的，以表示愿意做所要求的事情。例：Would you mind filling in this form?（請您填一下這張表。）Would you mind repeating what you just said?（請把剛才的話重復(fù)一遍好嗎？）d) 用于委婉地表示自己的意見：例：I would think the journey will take something like

44、two weeks.（依我看，這次旅程大約需要兩個(gè)星期。）I would look at the problem a little differently.（我對這個(gè)問題的看法略有不同。）e) 用于表示過去經(jīng)常性的行為或動(dòng)作：例：The retired captain would sit hours on end watching ships sailing past.（退休的船長經(jīng)常坐在海邊觀望過往的行船，一坐就是幾個(gè)小時(shí)。）He would go to bed strictly at 9, and on Sundays would not have lunch anywhere excep

45、t in that restaurant. （他總是嚴(yán)格地9點(diǎn)上床睡覺。星期日總在那家飯店吃午飯。）should的用法：a) 用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩：例：You should be here with clean hands.（你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來吃飯。）例：With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.A) mustnt B) oughtnt to go C) wouldnt go D) shouldnt have gone全句的意思是：“他手頭又這么多工作，昨夜不該看電影”。本句

46、表達(dá)的是昨天已經(jīng)發(fā)生但去不該發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)該用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的否定式，后接動(dòng)詞的完成式。因而答案是D) shouldnt have gone。b) 用于提出意見勸導(dǎo)別人：例：It would be better if the three of you should work as a team.（最好你們?nèi)齻€(gè)人能組成一個(gè)小組工作。）To keep your work, you should prove yourself a resourceful investigator.（你若要保住工作，就該證明自己是個(gè)足智多謀的調(diào)查員。）c) 委婉地對別人提出建議或勸告通常用I should /

47、 shouldnt if I were you句型：例：I should hand in a typewritten paper if I were you.（要是我，就交用打字機(jī)打出來的論文。）I shouldnt worry at all if I were you.（要是我才不著急呢。）d) 用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一：例：We should arrive by supper time.（我們在晚飯前就能到了。）She should be here any moment.（她隨時(shí)都可能來。）e) 在以in case或 if引導(dǎo)的從句中，常用shoul

48、d表達(dá)一定程度的可能性。例：I will get some beer ready in case Uncle John should come.（我得準(zhǔn)備些啤酒，約翰叔叔可能會(huì)來。）If you should happen to see Mary, give her this package.（如果你碰到瑪麗，請把這個(gè)包裹交給她。）f) 用于表示一種驚訝的語氣，should的這一用法也是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一：例： It is unthinkable that a strong character like Nancy should find a weak-willed man accept

49、able. （象南希這樣很有主見的女子竟然覺得一個(gè)意志軟弱的男子也可以接受，真讓人不可想象。）I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.（她竟然對你說這種話，真讓我吃驚。）其它常用動(dòng)詞的用法，如shall表示命令、威脅、許諾或征求許可，may/might as well等，同學(xué)們都應(yīng)多多注意其用法。強(qiáng)調(diào)窗體頂端強(qiáng)調(diào)（emphasis）就是使句子的某一部分比一般情況下顯得更加重要。在書面英語中，一是通過加上某些強(qiáng)調(diào)詞或通過某些強(qiáng)調(diào)句型來表示，二是通過改變句子的正常詞序也就是倒裝來表示的。1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is / w

50、asthat / who / whom當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為sb.，可用who/whom, 也可用that，其它情況一律用that。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，that后的謂語動(dòng)詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語人稱與數(shù)保持一致。例如:A）Tom does the experiment in the factory everyday.湯姆每天在工廠里做實(shí)驗(yàn)。B）It is Tom who (that) does experiment in the factory eve ryday.是湯姆每天在工廠里做實(shí)驗(yàn)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）C）It is the experiment that Tom does in the factory ever

51、yday.湯姆每天在工廠里做的是實(shí)驗(yàn)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語）D）It is in the factory that Tom does the experiment everyday.湯姆每天是在工廠里做實(shí)驗(yàn)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語）E）It is everyday that Tom does experiment in the factory.湯姆是每天在工廠里做實(shí)驗(yàn)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語）2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對狀語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)須注意1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語時(shí)，要用that,不能用when, where, why或how。It was at the gate of our school that we gave the v

52、isitors a warm welcome. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)It was with great joy that he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home. (強(qiáng)調(diào)程度狀語)It is by bus that Mary usually goes to school. (強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語)It was three years ago that I came to this school. (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)It was on Monday night that all this happened.這一切是發(fā)

53、生在星期一晚上。It was because he was ill that he didnt go to school.他是因并而沒來上學(xué)的。It was in a different way that they played the game.他們比賽的方式是不同的。It was not until 11 oclock last night that my father returned.我父親昨夜直到11點(diǎn)才回來。2) as，since和though等引導(dǎo)的原因、讓步、結(jié)果等狀語從句，不能用這種句型。例1對句：As he had no car, he stayed at home.錯(cuò)句：

54、It was as he had no car that he stayed at home.因?yàn)闆]有車，他就呆在家里。例2對句：Although they are poor, they are generous.錯(cuò)句：It is although they are poor that they are generous.雖然他們窮，但他們慷慨。3) 對not.until.結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，要用It is/was not until.that.這一固定句型。由于否定已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式。如：1.It was not until she took off her dark glasses

55、 that I realized she was a famous film star. 4) .使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對狀語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，有必要將其與下列句型區(qū)分開來。例1) It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village.(when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，it表示時(shí)間)例2) It was at 3 oclock that they came ba

56、ck. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)It was 3 oclock when they came back. (when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，it表示時(shí)間)例3) It is for three hours that they have been back. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)It was three hours before they came back. (before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，it表示時(shí)間)It is three hours since they came back. (since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，it表示時(shí)間)再如：It was raining when they came back.It is true that he once went to Canada.It is a surprise that Mary should have won the first prize.5).強(qiáng)調(diào)含有定語從句的主、賓、狀語時(shí)，要確定好強(qiáng)調(diào)標(biāo)志that的位置。如：Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood?It was in the shop which was opene