英語形容詞講義

1、形容詞一、形容詞定義：用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。二、形容詞分類：性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1、性質(zhì)形容詞：直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞叫性質(zhì)形容詞。它有級的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)語。例如：hot，red。2、敘述形容詞：講述人或物怎么樣的形容詞叫敘述形容詞。只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid 害怕的。（錯(cuò)）He is an ill man.（對）The man is ill.（錯(cuò)）She is an

2、 afraid girl.（對）The girl is afraid.這類詞有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。三、形容詞的判別方法1、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：單音節(jié)形容詞和以-able,-al,-ful, -ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后綴結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞,一般是形容詞,如:changeable(多變的),medical(醫(yī)學(xué)上的),careful(仔細(xì)的),atomic(原子的),foolish(愚蠢的),careless(粗心的),delicious(美味的),healthy(健康的),rain

3、y(多雨的)等.2、句法特點(diǎn)：在句中作定語或作表語是形容詞最主要的特點(diǎn)。也可作狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。大多數(shù)形容詞都可以作定語；在be動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞之后作表語；可用very來修飾,有比較級和最高級形式。如:Mary is very nice.瑪麗很可愛.(表語)Mary is a nice girl.瑪麗是個(gè)可愛的女孩.(定語)He was asleep.他睡著了.(表語)She is a perfect teacher.她是位十全十美的老師.(定語)3、大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brothe

4、rly，仍為形容詞。有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early。四、形容詞的用法1、用作定語Li Mei is a beautiful city girl.李梅是一個(gè)漂亮的城市女孩.The new student comes from Japan.那個(gè)新學(xué)生來自日本.2、用作表語My fathers car is very expensive.我父親的轎車很貴.The English story is very interesting.那個(gè)英文故事很有趣.3、用作賓語補(bǔ)足語Dont keep the door open. 別讓門

5、一直開著.His success made him happy.他的成功讓他感到幸福.We finally found the dictionary very useful.我們最后發(fā)現(xiàn)詞典很有用.4.the+形容詞,表示一類人或事物, 有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry，the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of hu

6、mor。英國人有很好的幽默感。The old often think of old things.老年人經(jīng)常回想往事.The new always take the place of the old.新事物總會(huì)取代舊事物.5.有時(shí)也可用作狀語或補(bǔ)語Please speak loud and clear.請說話大聲一點(diǎn),清楚一點(diǎn).(狀語)These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather,cold and hungry.（狀語）士兵們又冷又餓地在嚴(yán)寒的氣候中度過了三天.After seven days, the children came ba

7、ck from the forest safe.(狀語)七天之后,孩子們安全地從森林中返回.6、少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語,不能作定語.這些形容詞包括 ill（sick）,asleep(sleeping),awake（waking）,alone(lone不帶感情色彩，單獨(dú)的,lonely帶感情色彩，孤獨(dú)的),alive(living，live),well(good),worth(worthy),glad(pleasant),unable(incapable),afraid(scared)等.7、少數(shù)形容詞只能作定語,不能作表語.這些形容詞包括 little(small),live(活著的,不用于人，

8、用于人時(shí)用living),elder（年長的）,eldest（最年長的） 等.例如:(正)My elder brother is a doctor.(誤)My brother is elder than I.(正)This is a little house.(誤)The house is little.(正)Do you want live fish or dead one (誤)The old monkey is still live.五、起修飾作用的形容詞位置1、形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),一般要放在名詞的前面.它們的前面常常帶有冠詞,形容詞性物主 代詞,指示代詞,數(shù)

9、詞等.例如:a red flower一朵紅花this interesting story這個(gè)有趣的故事six blind men 六個(gè)盲人my own house我自己的房子2、當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞是由one、no、any、some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如somebody,anybody,nobody, everybody,anyone, something，anything,everything,等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞必須置于所修飾的詞之后.She has something new to tell me.她有一些新的情況要告訴我.I have nothing important to do

10、today.今天我沒有重要的事要做.Do you know anybody else here.這兒你還有認(rèn)識的人嗎 3、形容詞后面有介詞短語或不定式短語時(shí),形容詞必須置于名詞之后.It is a problem difficult to work out.這是一個(gè)難以解決的問題.Edison is a student difficult to teach.愛迪生是個(gè)難教的學(xué)生.This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.這是一種易栽的花.4、在以下特殊用法中,形容詞置于所修飾的名詞之后.All people,young or old,should be st

11、rict with themselves.所有的人,無論老少,都應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己.We are building a new school, modern and super.我們正在建一所現(xiàn)代化的,極好的新型學(xué)校.All countries, rich and poor, should help one another.所有的國家,無論窮富,都應(yīng)該互相幫助.5、有少數(shù)形容詞,如enough、nearby和possible,既可置于所修飾的名詞之前,也可置于所修飾的名詞之后. 程度副詞一般位于形容詞、副詞前面，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，必須后置。Do you have enough ti

12、me(time enough)to prepare? 你有足夠的時(shí)間做準(zhǔn)備嗎?Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或許它將成為你的一次可能的機(jī)遇.6、有些形容詞,置于名詞之前與之后,含義不盡相同. 如presentthe writer present 出席的作家the present writer 當(dāng)代的作家7、else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。8、兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)的排列順序限定詞+程度副詞+一般描繪性形容詞+表示大小,長短,高低的形容詞+表示形狀的形容詞表示年齡,新舊的形容詞+表示色彩

13、的形容詞+表示國籍,地區(qū),產(chǎn)地的形容詞+表示物質(zhì),材料的形容詞+表示用途,類別的形容詞+名詞中心詞。限定詞的排序：前位限定詞 (指量限定詞all, both, half等；倍數(shù)詞double, twice等；分?jǐn)?shù)詞one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定詞 (冠詞；指示代詞；形容詞性物主代詞；名詞所有格)+后位限定詞序數(shù)詞(包括last, past, next, another等)+基數(shù)詞(包括few, several等。例如:an exciting international football match一場令人激動(dòng)的國際足球賽a new red sports shirt一

14、件新的紅色運(yùn)動(dòng)衫a light black plastic umbrella一把輕的黑塑料傘a small old brown wooden house一座小的舊的棕色的木頭房子巧記形容詞的排列順序：限觀形齡色國材。這幾個(gè)字似乎有點(diǎn)不大好記,那就記住縣官行令謝國材.其含義是:縣(限)代表限定詞,包括冠詞,指示代詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞所有格,數(shù)詞等.官(觀)代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,如:fine,beautiful,interesting等.行(形)代表表示大小,長短,高低及形狀的形容詞如:small,tall,high,little,round等.令(齡)代表表示年齡,新舊的形容詞,如:

15、old,young等.謝(色的近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞,如:white,black,yellow等.國代表表示國籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞(名詞),如:English,American,mountain等.材則代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,如:stone,wooden,silk,plastic等.a fine old stone bridge一座古老漂亮的石橋two big round new Chinese wooden tables兩張新的中國式的木制大圓桌 his large new black foreign car他那輛新的大型黑色外國轎車六、常見的后跟形容詞作表語的動(dòng)詞:1、be

16、come,come,fall,get,go,grow,make,turn(表示變成某種狀態(tài))2、continue,hold,keep,lie,remain,stay(表示保持某種狀態(tài))3、appear,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,know(表示感覺)He turned red when he heard the news.聽到這個(gè)消息,他的臉變紅了.Its going to stay cold for some time.天氣還要冷一陣子.The beer tastes very delicious.這啤酒嘗起來很可口.七、形容詞的比較等級1、比較等級：原級、比較級

17、、最高級2、比較級、最高級構(gòu)成規(guī)則 （1）、單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞，比較級在詞尾加er ,最高級在詞尾加est。 1)、一般情況下比較級在詞尾加er ,最高級在詞尾加est。small,smaller,smallest 2）、以e 結(jié)尾的形容詞，比較級在詞尾加r ,最高級在詞尾加st。large ,larger,largest 3）、以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的形容詞，改y為i，再在詞尾加er變比較級 ,在詞尾加est變最高級。busy,busier,busiest 4）、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的形容詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母，再在詞尾加er變比較級 ,在詞尾加est變最高級。fat,

18、fatter,fattest 5）、以ow,er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞，比較級在詞尾加er ,最高級在詞尾加est。 narrow ，narrower,narrowestclever,cleverer,cleverest （2）、多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的形容詞，在詞前加more構(gòu)成比較級，在詞前加most構(gòu)成最高級。beautiful ,more beautiful,important,most important （3）、幾個(gè)特殊的形容詞比較級和最高級原級比較級最高級good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlitt

19、lelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder, elderoldest, eldest八、形容詞原級、比較級、最高級的比較級用法名稱句型例句相等as 原形 as 或as 原形+名詞 as The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as或not as（so ）+名詞+原形 as She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.肯定句中的超越比

20、較級+ than Health is more important than wealth.the +比較級+of the two兩者中較 的一個(gè)He is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比較級+than 和一樣不，兩者都不.He is no richer than I.他和我一樣不富有。not +比較級+than 前者不如后者He is no richer than I.他沒我富有。再不過His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不過了。程度遞增er and er，more and more+多音節(jié)詞原級 (越來越)higher and

21、higher ，more and more important 兩種情況同時(shí)變化the +比較級，the+比較級（越，越）The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比較the +最高級+of/in+比較范圍（之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the most precious.1、形容詞原級的比較用法：形容詞的原級常用于as+形容詞原級+as、“形容詞原級+the same as+名詞或代詞”、“the same+名詞+as”及not as(so)as

22、四種句型中.(1)、句型asas,“形容詞原級+the same as+名詞或代詞”表示兩者相比較,程度相同.The old man walks as fast as a young man.這位老人走路與年輕人一樣快.Science is as important as maths.自然科學(xué)與數(shù)學(xué)一樣重要.This coat is as expensive as that one.這件上衣與那件一樣貴.The lens of a camera performs the same function as the lens of the eye.相機(jī)的鏡頭與眼睛的鏡頭相同的功能。(2)、句型no

23、t as(so)as,表示兩者相比較,前者不如后者.Im not as tall as Jack. 我沒有杰克高.She doesnt run so fast as I. 她沒有我跑得快.This warship is not so big as that one.這艘軍艦沒有那艘大.同級比較歌訣：同級比較用原級,asas不分離;若是否定加not,asas否前者.(4)、需要注意的形容詞原級用法:數(shù)詞+times+as+形容詞原級+as(是的幾倍).This tree is twice as short as that one.這棵樹比那棵樹矮一倍.My scores are three ti

24、mes as many as yours.我的分?jǐn)?shù)是你的三倍.This road is four times as wide as that one.這條馬路的寬度是那條的四倍.half+as+形容詞原級+as(的一半).My English is not half as good as yours.我的英語不如你的一半好.This town is half as big as ours.這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)有我們城鎮(zhèn)的一半大.The rivers in the north arent half as many as those in the south. 北方的河流不如南方的一半多.asas結(jié)構(gòu)中,若形

25、容詞作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),不定冠詞a(an)應(yīng)置于形容詞與名詞之間.English is as important a subject as maths.英語是和數(shù)學(xué)同樣重要的一門學(xué)科.Uncle Wang is as good a man as my father.王叔叔是與我父親同樣好的一個(gè)人.This is as famous a school as ours.這是一所與我們學(xué)校同樣著名的學(xué)校.asas結(jié)構(gòu)若指同一個(gè)人或物,則并無比較意義,而只是說明某人或某物具有兩種性質(zhì).譯為又又或不但而且.This computer is as good as it is cheap.這臺(tái)電腦又好又

26、便宜.The boy is as strong as he is brave.這個(gè)男孩又健壯又勇敢.The city of Suzhou is as beautiful as it is clean.蘇州城既美麗又干凈.2.形容詞比較級的用法(1)、表示兩者之間比較時(shí),用形容詞比較級+than，一方超過另一方less+原級+than和not +形容詞比較級+than表示一方不及另一方.no +形容詞比較級+than表示兩方都不。Your mother looks healthier than before.你媽媽看上去比以前健康了.Im less interested in basketbal

27、l than you.我沒有你對籃球感興趣.(2)、形容詞的比較級還可以用于以下句型中.more and more 越來越.The park is getting more and more beautiful.這個(gè)公園變得越來越美了.China had become stronger and stronger.中國已變得越來越強(qiáng)大了.“the + 比較級（主語 + 謂語），the + 比較級（主語 + 謂語）”的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越越” The more books we read, the cleverer we will become. 我們讀的書越多,就會(huì)變得越聰明.The more tre

28、es, the better. 樹越多越好.The sooner, the better. 越早越好.The more exercise we take, the healthier we are.我們越鍛煉,身體就越健康.the+比較級+of the two兩個(gè)中較的一個(gè).Id like to go to the farther of the two places.我愿意去兩個(gè)地方中更遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)地方.She is the fatter of the two girls.她是那兩個(gè)女孩中較胖的一個(gè).比較級+than any other+單數(shù)名詞比其他任何都.Li Lei is taller th

29、an any other boy in his class. 李雷比他班上其他任何一個(gè)男孩都高.(暗指李雷最高)The population of China is larger than any others in the world. 中國的人口比世界上其他任何國家的人口都多.(暗指中國人口最多)（3）、某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistr

30、y. 他在化學(xué)方面比張先生更優(yōu)越.（4）、在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.（5）、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。1）主語+be動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)量+the+比較方面的名詞+of+另一物。A is thr

31、ee(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍（高三倍）。2）主語+be動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)量+as+比較方面的形容詞原級+as+另一物。A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。3）主語

32、+be動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)量+比較方面的形容詞比較級+than+另一物。A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.3、形容詞最高級的用法(1)、三者或三者以上相比較,用the+最高級+名詞+范圍結(jié)構(gòu).This is the cleanest place of the city.這是這個(gè)城市最干凈的地方.Hu Yun is the

33、 fastest of all the girls in our class.我們班女生中胡云跑得最快的.(2)表示最之一,用one of the+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest buildings in the world.中國的長城是世界上最偉大的建筑之一.This is one of the most interesting books that Ive ever read.這是我讀過的最有趣的書之一.注意：a、形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時(shí)，被修飾的詞往往省略。b、形容詞最高級前面必須

34、加定冠詞the,但當(dāng)形容詞最高級前面有物主代詞修飾時(shí),則不加the. 修飾形容詞的most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示非常(正)This is my best friend. 這是我最好的朋友.(誤)This is my the (the my) best friend.(正)Today is the happiest day of my life.今天是我生命中最快樂的一天.(誤)Today is happiest day of my life.九、形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語1、用于原級之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half ,

35、 twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you. 約翰幾乎和你一樣高了。The river is three times as long as that one. 這條河是那條河的三倍長。We have a third as many students as we had last term.我們現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生人數(shù)只是上學(xué)期的三分之一2、用于比較級前：many, a few (用于more +可數(shù)名詞前) ，a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal

36、, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times， no, any，yet，by far 等表示程度的詞來修飾. by far通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時(shí)，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。 英語的比較級前如無even、still或yet等時(shí)，譯成漢語時(shí)可用“較”或“一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。I feel a little better than yesterday.我感覺比昨天好一點(diǎn)兒了.The job is far more difficult than before.這工作比以前要難得多.It take

37、s many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 乘火車去那里比乘飛機(jī)花的時(shí)間更多。Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.今年很冷，但去年更冷。We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.今年我們生產(chǎn)的糧食比去年多了6%。3用于形容詞和最高級前：(the)序數(shù)詞以及nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like,(the) very

38、 , much (the) ,by far (the) .This hat is by far the largest in the world. 到目前為止，這頂帽子是世界上最大的。Gold is the very most valuable of all materials . 黃金是所有材料中最有價(jià)值的。十、幾種常見的形容詞句型1、形容詞+介詞+名詞(或代詞或動(dòng)名詞)Im not interested in playing computer games.我對打電腦游戲不感興趣.My parents are pleased with my studies.我父母對我的學(xué)習(xí)感到滿意.2、It

39、 is(was)+形容詞+of/for+名詞(或代詞)+不定式Its foolish of me to make such a mistake.犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤,我真是太傻了.It was kind of the driver to send the old man home.這位司機(jī)把老人送回家,他真是太好了.Its difficult for me to finish the work in a day.對我來說,一天之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作很難.3.形容詞+不定式常用于這種句型的形容詞有:able,sure,lucky,ready,happy,likely等.She is sure to pass

40、the exam.她一定會(huì)通過考試的.Im lucky to meet you here.我真幸運(yùn),能在這兒碰到你.4、有些形容詞前加the 成為名詞，表示一類人。如the poor、the rich 等。十一、一些沒有比較級的形容詞在英語中,有很多形容詞沒有比較級和最高級形式,所以它們的語義只能用形容詞的原級來表示.分類如下:(1)、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞,如daily(每日的),weekly(每周的),monthly(每月的),yearly(每年的),brotherly(兄弟般的),sisterly(姐妹般的)等.(2)、表示事物性質(zhì),材料成分的形容詞,如wooden(木制的),silken

41、(絲制的),woollen(羊毛制的),electric(電的),industrial(工業(yè)的)等.(3)、表示時(shí)間的形容詞,如past(過去的),future(將來的),then(當(dāng)時(shí)的),once(從前的),present(當(dāng)今的)等.(4)、與幾何形狀有關(guān)的形容詞,如round(圓的),vertical(垂直的),cubic(立方的),triangular(三角形的)等.(5)、表示國籍的形容詞,如Chinese(中國的),American(美國的),Japanese(日本的),Russian(俄國的)等.(6)、表示方位的形容詞,如eastern(東方的),western(西方的),m

42、iddle(中間的),right(右邊的),left(左邊的)等.(7)、表示某種絕對狀態(tài)的形容詞,如dead(死的),deaf(聾的),blind(瞎的),dumb(啞的)等.(8)、表示最高程度意義的形容詞,如such(這樣的),whole(整個(gè)的),complete(完全的),thorough(徹底的) excellent、extreme、perfect等(9)、表示順序和單一概念的形容詞,如first(第一的),last(最后的),next(下一個(gè)的),following(以下的),only(惟一的)等.(10)、一些只作表語的形容詞,如afraid(害怕的),asleep(睡著的),

43、alive(活著的),awake(醒著的),ashamed(慚愧的)等.(11)、部分表示數(shù)量及不定量含義的形容詞,如some(一些),several(幾個(gè)的),certain(某一的)等.十二、由as / so組成的形容詞或副詞短語。1、as much as + 不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量 多達(dá)Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.2、as many as + 可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量 多達(dá)I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.3

44、、as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.4、as far as遠(yuǎn)到；就而知（論）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.5、may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.6、as as can be到了最的程度，極其They

45、are as unreliable as they can be.他們極其不可信。7、as as one can到了最的程度，極其He began to run, as fast as he could.8、as as possible到了最的程度，極其Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.9、as such：表示上文所指明的事或人He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是個(gè)孩子，必須被當(dāng)作孩子對待。 10、as much：表示“與同量”Take as much as you like

46、. 拿多少都行。 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是價(jià)格再貴一倍，我也會(huì)愿意把它買下的。 He as much as admitted the whole story. 他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。 11、as many：表示“與一樣多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個(gè)錯(cuò)。十三、部分形容詞的用法比較1.pleased, pleasing與pleasantpleased的含義是(自己)感到滿意,高興,后常跟介詞at,with或不定式.例如:Im pleased to see

47、you here.在這兒見到你很高興.Shes pleased with our programme.她對我們的節(jié)目很滿意.pleasing表示令人欣喜的,相當(dāng)于giving pleasure.例如:My sisters progress in dancing is pleasing.我姐姐在舞蹈方面的進(jìn)步令人高興.The baby has a pleasing voice.這個(gè)嬰兒的聲音很悅耳.pleasant表示快樂的,愉快的.例如:The girl has a pleasant childhood.這個(gè)女孩有一個(gè)快樂的童年.To have a pleasant holiday is my

48、 favorite.過一個(gè)愉快的假期是我最喜歡的.2. living, alive與liveliving作定語時(shí),既可置于所修飾的名詞之前,也可置于所修飾的名詞之后,譯為活著的,當(dāng)代的.在句中充當(dāng)定語及表語.例如:He is the greatest living writer in America.他是當(dāng)今美國最偉大的作家.Not all living things live on sunlight.并非所有的生物都依賴陽光生存.My grandparents are still living.我的祖父母仍然健在.alive譯為活著的,可以在句中作表語及定語.作定語時(shí),位于它所修飾的名詞之后

49、.He may be the busiest person alive.他可能是世上最忙的人了.Is that sheep dead or alive ？那頭羊是死了還是活著？alive還有活潑的,活動(dòng)的,有生機(jī)的之意.例如:You seem very much alive today.你今天看起來很活躍.live表示活著的,現(xiàn)場直播的,在句子中可以作定語,表語.例如:Have you seen a live whale？你見過活的鯨魚嗎？The programme is live. 這個(gè)節(jié)目是現(xiàn)場直播的.3. big與largebig用得比較廣泛,可以與large換用,另外還可以表示偉大,巨

50、大,重要之意.large著重指體積,容積之大.例如:There is a large garden in our town.我們鎮(zhèn)上有一個(gè)大花園.Is there a big tree in front of your house？你的房子前有一棵大樹嗎？Its said that he is a big man.據(jù)說他是一個(gè)大人物.4.sleepy與asleepsleepy表示困乏的,想睡覺的,而asleep表示睡著的,熟睡的.例如:Are you sleepy at this time of day？白天的這個(gè)時(shí)候你困嗎？The baby fell asleep as soon as hi

51、s mother left.他媽媽一離開,這個(gè)嬰兒就睡著了.5.worth與worthyworth意為值得的,后接v-ing形式,構(gòu)成be worth doing結(jié)構(gòu),也可接表示價(jià)格的名詞及錢數(shù);worthy意為值得的,后接of+名詞(或being+過去分詞),構(gòu)成be worthy of+名詞(或being done)結(jié)構(gòu)或be worthy to be done結(jié)構(gòu).例如:The book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一讀.This coat is worth one hundred yuan.這件上衣價(jià)值一百元.This problem is worthy o

52、f being discussed.這個(gè)問題值得討論.The land is worthy to be used. 這塊地值得開發(fā). 6.very 與much（1）可分等級的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。(2)表示狀態(tài)的過去分詞前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情況下，以-ing、-ed結(jié)尾的分詞多用much、very much / greatly等修飾。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I w

53、as much amused by Jacks attitude。(3)已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（4）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventue these days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few

54、 egg cups.（5）關(guān)于原級形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結(jié)構(gòu)：（a）修飾絕對意義的形容詞，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修飾以a-開頭的形容詞，多有特殊的修飾詞：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c) 修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語有：be well worth, muc

55、h the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。7.so that 與such that so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that so + 形容詞 + a（n）+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名詞 + that such + a(n)+ 形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that such + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + that 注意：下列結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用so不可用such,當(dāng)名詞前有man

56、y、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的詞修飾時(shí)，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但當(dāng)little表示“小”時(shí)用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是錯(cuò)誤的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。8、其他幾組詞的辨析。(1)ago、before:ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”；before指以過去或?qū)淼哪硶r(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。(2)al