視覺(jué)藝術(shù)課程設(shè)計(jì)

1、視覺(jué)藝術(shù)課程設(shè)計(jì)Frida Kahlo佛烈達(dá)卡蘿魔幻炙熱的情感表現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)者：美碩一傅斌暉2003/6國(guó)立臺(tái)灣師範(fàn)大學(xué)美術(shù)研究所教學(xué)對(duì)象：高中課程名稱佛烈達(dá)卡蘿：魔幻炙熱的情感表現(xiàn)Frida Kahlo：The Fantastic Ways of Expression美碩一傅斌暉簡(jiǎn)介在這單元中學(xué)生將欣賞許多佛烈達(dá)卡蘿呈現(xiàn)心情、愛(ài)情和鄉(xiāng)土感情的自畫像，學(xué)生將分析和解釋卡蘿的幾張作品，討論和描述卡蘿作品中用來(lái)表達(dá)自我的各種形式和手法，並從中選擇一種表現(xiàn)方式，創(chuàng)造一張表達(dá)自我情感的自畫像。課程目標(biāo)1. 藝術(shù)史：學(xué)生將透過(guò)藝術(shù)史的研究，認(rèn)識(shí)卡蘿的生平以及簡(jiǎn)短的墨西哥近代史。2. 藝術(shù)批評(píng)：學(xué)生將練習(xí)描述卡

2、蘿作品中傳達(dá)的心情、愛(ài)情和鄉(xiāng)土感情並解釋其意義。3. 美學(xué)：學(xué)生將討論、分辨並評(píng)價(jià)卡蘿作品中表現(xiàn)情感的象徵手法。4. 藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作：學(xué)生將運(yùn)用卡蘿的表現(xiàn)方式，創(chuàng)作一張表達(dá)心情、或愛(ài)情、或鄉(xiāng)土情感的自畫像。課程時(shí)間8節(jié)課（360分鐘）上課用具1. 筆記本和素描本2. 鉛筆、彩色鉛筆、蠟筆、粉彩筆3. 八開(kāi)畫紙教學(xué)資源1. 有關(guān)卡蘿的書籍、圖片和網(wǎng)路資料2. 教師選定圖片製成的電腦簡(jiǎn)報(bào)評(píng)量項(xiàng)目1. 有關(guān)卡蘿生平與創(chuàng)作的文字報(bào)告2. 有關(guān)卡蘿自畫像的文字回應(yīng)3. 討論和分析卡蘿作品的象徵手法後，所撰寫的文字回應(yīng)（學(xué)習(xí)單）4. 創(chuàng)作作品的品質(zhì)和情感表現(xiàn)程度單元一卡蘿的生平單元重點(diǎn)卡蘿的一生充滿各種不平凡的

3、境遇，其生命旅途中所激盪的痛苦、悲傷、憤怒、期待、情感與愛(ài)戀，都是她繪畫時(shí)的最大泉源，也造就她另後人驚歎不已的藝術(shù)生命。單元目標(biāo) 學(xué)生將會(huì)：:1. 欣賞一些卡蘿的作品和照片2. 認(rèn)識(shí)卡蘿的生平（家庭與童年、健康、愛(ài)情、信仰等）3. 列出卡蘿生平中可能影響其情緒，並刺激其創(chuàng)作的重大事件教學(xué)資源 PowerPoint: My Grandparents, My Parents and I 1936 PowerPoint: The Wounded Deer 1946 PowerPoint: Frida and Diego Rivera 1931 PowerPoint: Self-portrait wi

4、th monkey 1929 PowerPoint: Photo taken by Nickolas Muray 193839教學(xué)時(shí)間2節(jié)課（90分鐘）教學(xué)材料和事前準(zhǔn)備 學(xué)生將使用筆記本作筆記並列出卡蘿生平中的重大事件單元說(shuō)明卡蘿的自畫像大多反應(yīng)她的人生境遇與強(qiáng)烈的心情感受，並且運(yùn)用獨(dú)特的形式與風(fēng)格表現(xiàn)在畫面之上，除此之外，我們也能從卡蘿的作品中發(fā)現(xiàn)她和墨西哥這塊土地的深刻連結(jié)。學(xué)生將從欣賞幾幅卡蘿的作品開(kāi)始，閱讀、討論並報(bào)告有關(guān)卡蘿生平與墨西哥近代史的資料，進(jìn)而瞭解一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的生活與歷史背景，會(huì)如何深深地影響其藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。教學(xué)步驟1. 播放卡蘿自畫像與照片的簡(jiǎn)報(bào)，簡(jiǎn)單介紹卡蘿的作品背後都有獨(dú)

5、特的故事與心情，但告訴學(xué)生有關(guān)卡蘿的更多故事要讓他們自己去探索。2. 將學(xué)生分成四組，發(fā)放閱讀材料給各組，每組各負(fù)責(zé)研讀與整理一項(xiàng)有關(guān)卡蘿的主題，這些主題包括：家庭與童年、健康、愛(ài)情、信仰等四項(xiàng)，並由各組進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短的口頭報(bào)告。3. 將四項(xiàng)主題寫在黑板上，由學(xué)生討論各主題中的哪些事件會(huì)衝擊卡蘿的心境並影響其藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，教師再將這些事件都列在各個(gè)標(biāo)題之下。4. 告訴學(xué)生教師會(huì)再放一次簡(jiǎn)報(bào)，並請(qǐng)學(xué)生思考並討論這幾件作品，呈現(xiàn)了那些剛討論過(guò)的卡蘿生平事件與心情。教師需引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主要的觀念：一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的生活與歷史背景，常常會(huì)對(duì)其藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作帶來(lái)深刻地影響。評(píng)量方式1. 再播放一次簡(jiǎn)報(bào)，並請(qǐng)學(xué)生寫下卡蘿這幾張作品表

6、達(dá)的背景或心境。2. 學(xué)生是否能夠正確對(duì)映出作品的背景脈絡(luò)？ 背景資料卡蘿的生平簡(jiǎn)介、重大事件時(shí)間表、以及墨西哥革命簡(jiǎn)史Biography of Frida Kahlo Frida Kahlo was born of European and Mexican descent in 1907 in the Mexico City suburb of Coyoacán, in the same blue house where she died 47 years later. She gave her birth date as July 7,1910, but her birth ce

7、rtificate shows July 6,1907. This is just one of the many lies Frida told about her life. At age 6, Frida was stricken with polio, which caused her right leg to appear much thinner than the other. It was to remain that way permanently. When Frida entered high school she was a tomboy full of mischief

8、 who became the ringleader of a rebellious group of mainly boys that continually caused trouble in the National Preparatory School. This group pulled many pranks , mainly on professors. It was also in the National Preparitory School that Frida first came in contact with her future husband, the famou

9、s Mexican muralist, Diego Rivera. He was commissioned to paint a mural in the school's auditorium. On September 17, 1925, at about age 18, Frida Kahlo was involved in a serious bus accident which left her with a broken spinal column, a broken collarbone, broken ribs, a broken pelvis, and 11 frac

10、tures in her right leg. In addition her right foot was dislocated and crushed, and her shoulder was out of joint. For a month, Frida was forced to stay flat on her back, encased in a plaster cast and enclosed in a boxlike structure. Frida's enormous strength and will to live allowed her to survi

11、ve and make a remarkable recovery. She began painting shortly after the accident because she was bored in bed. This became her lifelong profession. Although Frida's recovery was miraculous (she regained her ability to walk), she did have relapses of tremendous pain and fatigue all throughout her

12、 life, which caused her to be hospitalized for long periods of time, bedridden at times, and also caused her to undergo numerous operations. She once joked that she held the record for the most operations. Frida underwent about 30 in her lifetime. She also turned to alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes to

13、 ease the pain of her physical suffering. Once she was out and about after her accident, a close friend introduced Frida to the artistic crowd of Mexico, which included Tina Modotti (well known photographer,actress, and communist) and Diego Rivera. Diego and Frida were married on August 21,1929. The

14、ir marriage consisted of love, affairs with other people, creative bonding, hate, and a divorce in 1940 that lasted only for one year. Their marriage has been called the union between an elephant and a dove, because Diego was huge and very fat, and Frida was small (a little over 5 feet) and slender.

15、 Below is a picture of Diego Rivera. Despite Diego's affairs with other women (one was with Frida's sister), he helped in many ways. He suggested to Frida that she should begin wearing the traditional Mexican clothing, which consisted of long, colorful dresses and exotic jewelry. This, along

16、 with Frida's thick, connecting eyebrows, became her trademark. He also loved her work and was her greatest admirer. Frida, in turn, was Diego's most trusted critic, and the love of his life. Frida let out all of her emotions on a canvas. She painted her anger and hurt over her stormy marria

17、ge, the painful miscarriages, and the physical suffering she underwent because of the accident. Frida, despite all of the hurt in her life, was an outgoing person whose vocabulary was filled with 4 letter words. She loved to drink tequila and sing off color songs to guests at the crazy parties she h

18、osted. She loved telling dirty jokes and shocking everyone around her. Frida amazed people with her beauty and everywhere she went, people stopped in their tracks to stare in wonder. Men were fascinated with her, and because of this Frida had numerous, scandal filled affairs. One affair was with the

19、 Communist leader, Leon Trotsky. It began when he was a guest at her home along with his wife. Frida was later arrested for his murder, but was let go. Diego was also under suspicion for the murder, but he was let go as well. Several years after Trotsky's death, Diego and Frida enjoyed telling p

20、eople that they invited him to Mexico just to get him killed, but no one knows if they were telling the truth or not. They were fantastic story tellers. Frida also was a bisexual and had affairs with many women. All over the world, people loved Frida. When she went to France, she was wined and dined

21、 by Picasso, and appeared on the cover of the french Vogue. In America, people loved her beauty and her work. In Mexico, her homeland, she had many great admirers. Frida only had one exhibition in Mexico and it was in the spring of 1953. Frida's health was very bad at this time and doctors told

22、her not to attend. Minutes after guests were allowed into the gallery, sirens were heard outside. The crowd went crazy for outside there was an ambulance accompanied by a motorcycle escort. Frida Kahlo was being carried from it into her exhibition on a hospital stretcher! The photographers and repor

23、ters were shocked. She was placed in her bed in the middle of the gallery. The mob of people went to greet her. Frida told jokes, entertained the crowd, sang, and drank the whole evening. The exhibition was an amazing success. During the same year as her exhibition, Frida had to have her right leg a

24、mputated below the knee due to a gangrene infection. This caused her to become deeply depressed and suicidal. She attempted suicide a couple of times. On July 13, 1954, Frida died. No official autopsy was done. Suicide is rumored. Her last words in her diary read "I hope the leaving is joyful a

25、nd I hope never to return". Reference source:Kimberley Masters (1996).Biography of Frida Kahlo. Retrieved May 29, 2003, from Artist Timeline2000 B.C. -1519Successive Indian cultures, including Toltec, Maya, and Aztec.1521-1821Mexico under Spanish colonial rule for 300 years before gaining indep

26、endence in 1821.1848-76Liberal leader Benito Juárez reforms government, loses and then regains power from European forces. 1879Leon Trotsky (Lev Davidovich Bronstein) born in Russia. 1886Mexican muralist and painter Diego Rivera born. 1907Frida Kahlo born in Mexico City suburb of Coyoacán.

27、 1913-15Mexican Revolution; Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, and Emiliano Zapata lead people to demand social and land reform. 1917-20Revolutionary constitution adopted for Mexico; the government begins social and economic reforms. November 1917: People's Party victorious in Russian Revolution

28、. 1922-25Kahlo a student, takes some art classes. Severely injured in a bus accident in 1925. 1929Marries Diego Rivera. The National Revolutionary Party founded in Mexico. 1931-34Spends almost 4 years in United States with Rivera while he paints murals in San Francisco, New York, and Detroit. 1937-3

29、9Returns to Mexico. First public exhibition in Mexico City (1938), followed by shows in New York and Paris (1939). 1943-53Teaches for the Ministry of Public Education's School of Painting and Sculpture. 1954Frida Kahlo dies on July 13 and lies in state at Mexico City's Palace of Fine Arts. 1

30、955-58Rivera gives Kahlo's blue house in Coyoacán and all its contents to the Mexican people; the Frida Kahlo Museum opens in 1958. Reference source:Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky. (n. d.). Retrieved May 29, 2003, from The Gettys Art Education Web Site:The Mexican Revo

31、lution of 1910 For most of Mexico's developing history, a small minority of the people were in control of most of the country's power and wealth, while the majority of the population worked in poverty. As the rift between the poor and rich grew under the leadership of General Díaz, the

32、political voice of the lower classes was also declining. Opposition of Díaz did surface, when Francisco I. Madero, educated in Europe and at the University of California, led a series of strikes throughout the country.Díaz was pressured into holding an election in 1910, in which Madero was

33、 able to gather a significant number of the votes. Although Díaz was at one time a strong supporter of the one-term limit, he seemed to have changed his mind and had Madero imprisoned, feeling that the people of Mexico just weren't ready for democracy. Once Madero was released from prison,

34、he continued his battle against Díaz in an attempt to have him overthrown. During this time, several other Mexican folk heros began to emerge, including the well known Pancho Villa in the north, and the peasant Emiliano Zapata in the south, who were able to harass the Mexican army and wrest con

35、trol of their respective regions. Díaz was unable to control the spread of the insurgence and resigned in May, 1911, with the signing of the Treaty of Ciudad Ju ez, after which he fled to France. Madero was elected president, but received opposition from Emiliano Zapata who didn't wish to w

36、ait for the orderly implementation of Madero's desired land reforms. In November of the same year Zapata denounced Madero as president and took the position for himself. He controlled the state of Morelos, where he chased out the estate owners and divided their lands to the peasants. Later, in 1

37、919, Zapata was assassinated by Jesus Guajardo acting under orders from General Pablo Gonzalez. It was during this time that the country broke into many different factions, and guerilla units roamed across the country destroying and burning down many large haciendas and ranchos. Madero was later tak

38、en prisoner and executed and the entire country existed in a state of disorder for several years, while Pancho Villa rampaged through the north, and different factions fought for presidential control. Eventually, Venustiano Carranza rose to the presidency, and organized an important convention whose

39、 outcome was the Constitution of 1917, which is still in effect today. Carranza made land reform an important part of that constitution. This resulted in the ejido, or farm cooperative program that redistributed much of the country's land from the wealthy land holders to the peasants. The ejidos

40、 are still in place today and comprise nearly half of all the farmland in Mexico. Carranza was followed by others who would fight for political control, and who would eventually continue with the reforms, both in education and land distribution. During this period the PRI political party was establi

41、shed, which was the dominant political power for 71 years until Vicente Fox of the conservative PAN party was elected. The holiday itself commemorates the day, November 20th of 1910, when Madero denounced President Díaz, declared himself president of Mexico and called for a national insurrectio

42、n.Reference source:The Mexican Revolution of 1910. (n. d.). Retrieved May 29, 2003, from: Mexico Online 單元二卡蘿作品中的情感與表現(xiàn)方式單元重點(diǎn)卡蘿的自畫像中運(yùn)用許多方式傳達(dá)了豐富的心情轉(zhuǎn)折、生命的激盪、炙熱的愛(ài)情和濃厚的鄉(xiāng)土感情。藝術(shù)家藉由自畫像以及各種形式的象徵手法，可強(qiáng)烈地表現(xiàn)自我的情緒、感受與想法，使的自畫像成為獨(dú)具個(gè)人風(fēng)格的藝術(shù)形式。單元目標(biāo) 學(xué)生將會(huì)：1. 賞析更多卡蘿呈現(xiàn)不同心境與遭遇的自畫像。2. 思考和描述卡蘿作品中表達(dá)的心情和想法。3. 討論和分析卡蘿用來(lái)傳達(dá)這些心情與想

43、法的象徵手法與表現(xiàn)方式。教學(xué)資源 PowerPoint: My Grandparents, My Parents and I 1936 My Nurse and I 1937 PowerPoint: Frida and Diego Rivera 1931 Self-portrait with Itzcuintli Dog 1938 Self-portrait with Cropped Hair 1940 Self-portrait with Braid 1941 Me and My Parrots 1941 Self- portrait as a Tehuana 1943 Diego and

44、I 1949 PowerPoint: Thinking about Death 1943Tree of Hope, Keep Firm 1946The Wounded Deer 1946 PowerPoint: Self-portrait with monkey 1929 Self-portrait on the Borderline between Mexico and United States 1932 PowerPoint: Photo (Kahlo and Diego)taken by Nickolas Muray 1928 Photo (Kahlo, Diego and Itcui

45、ntli Dog) 1938Photo (Kahlo and Diego) 1954Photo (Kahlo painting on the bed) 1936 Photo (Kahlo and Diego) 1950教學(xué)時(shí)間2 節(jié)課（90分鐘）材料和事前準(zhǔn)備 學(xué)生將使用學(xué)習(xí)單分析並比較卡蘿傳達(dá)心情與想法的表現(xiàn)形式。單元說(shuō)明卡蘿運(yùn)用了許多象徵手法與畫面形式來(lái)表達(dá)她的想法和情感，學(xué)生將觀賞許多卡蘿的自畫像，並嘗試描述自畫像中所傳達(dá)的心情。學(xué)生也將練習(xí)分析、分類作品中的象徵手法與形式，並對(duì)不同的表現(xiàn)方式給予評(píng)價(jià)。教學(xué)步驟1. 先將學(xué)生分成四組，皆下來(lái)的發(fā)問(wèn)和討論都以小組模式進(jìn)行。2. 播放卡蘿作品

46、之簡(jiǎn)報(bào)，選擇的作品主題包含：家庭與童年、健康、愛(ài)情、信仰，也包含各種象徵手法與形式。3. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生一邊觀看時(shí)，一邊注意卡蘿自畫像中所要傳遞的訊息，並詢問(wèn)以下問(wèn)題： 你覺(jué)得畫面中的卡蘿是高興？悲傷？還是憤怒.？ 為什麼畫中的卡蘿看起來(lái)都那麼嚴(yán)肅？ 看完之後你自己的心情如何？跟卡蘿一樣嗎？還是有別的感觸？4. 發(fā)下各張作品的圖卡與學(xué)習(xí)單給各組，請(qǐng)學(xué)生討論並列出作品中的象徵手法，詢問(wèn)以下問(wèn)題： 卡蘿用了哪些象徵手法來(lái)傳達(dá)心情？請(qǐng)加以描述並條列出來(lái)。 這些象徵手法傳遞了哪些心情？如何傳遞？ 你覺(jué)得何種象徵手法最為成功？為什麼？請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由。 若讓你選擇，你會(huì)選擇哪種方式來(lái)傳達(dá)自己的心情？為什麼？5. 教師

47、需引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主要的觀念：藝術(shù)家可以藉由各種形式的象徵手法，表現(xiàn)自我的多元情感，使的自畫像成為獨(dú)具個(gè)人風(fēng)格的藝術(shù)形式。評(píng)量方式1. 學(xué)生對(duì)問(wèn)題的口頭回答，以及小組學(xué)習(xí)單的填寫。2. 學(xué)生是否能觀察並列出作品中的象徵手法？3. 學(xué)生是否能分析象徵手法的優(yōu)劣和說(shuō)明理由？背景資料卡蘿有關(guān)愛(ài)情和痛苦的詩(shī)詞與心情（取自卡蘿的圖文日記）迪亞哥和卡蘿這對(duì)艾蕊拉比喻為大象與白鴿(Herrera 1983:93-100)的組合是如何看待彼此呢?在卡蘿的心目中，這位墨西哥最知名也最聲名狼藉的壁畫家(Herrera 1983:80)的魅力何在呢?一九四四年開(kāi)始，卡蘿身體狀態(tài)惡化，關(guān)於迪亞哥方面的書寫，夾雜思念與回憶，試

48、圖尋找心靈與精神狀態(tài)的避風(fēng)港。寫於一九四四年，<<日記>>連續(xù)八頁(yè)寫給迪亞哥的情書(後續(xù)兩頁(yè)依判斷應(yīng)也是書寫迪亞哥)，深沉的文字和隱喻，將繪畫藝術(shù)與情愛(ài)結(jié)合，反映卡蘿對(duì)迪亞哥的往日情懷與當(dāng)下的愛(ài)欲(47-54/213-216)。試看其中一段卡蘿以繪畫的意涵詮釋兩人互補(bǔ)互動(dòng)的結(jié)合與密切關(guān)係:我的迪亞哥: 黑夜的明鏡。 你的雙眸，彷彿綠色劍戟 在我肉體；彷彿你我手中波浪。 你在聲音迴盪的空間在陰影，在陽(yáng)光中。 你喚作Auxocromo，匯集色彩之人。 我叫作Cromoforo，給予色彩的人。 你是所有數(shù)字的結(jié)合，是生命。 我渴望瞭解悸動(dòng)的線條、形式、和陰影。 你盈溢，我接收

49、。 你的話語(yǔ)縈繞空間，抵達(dá)我的細(xì)胞我的星辰， 再回到你的細(xì)胞是我的光芒(Diario, 50/214)。天地、星辰的譬喻，成為母親的想望，結(jié)合墨西哥神祇是卡蘿愛(ài)欲的多重象徵。迪亞哥是卡蘿的青蛙王子(Herrera 1983:78)，是她共產(chǎn)主義思想的革命夥伴 18，是藝術(shù)生涯的最佳拍檔，是她無(wú)限延伸可能想像的大自然。卡蘿對(duì)迪亞哥有多重繁複的思緒與寄託，時(shí)而像小鳥(niǎo)依人的可人兒，時(shí)而像護(hù)衛(wèi)疼惜子女的母親。從幾則敘述與圖畫中我們可以看出卡蘿人格多重表現(xiàn)的特質(zhì)。迪亞哥 創(chuàng)始 迪亞哥 建設(shè)者 迪亞哥 我的孩子 迪亞哥 我的男友 迪亞哥 畫家 迪亞哥 我的情人 迪亞哥 我的丈夫 迪亞哥 我的朋友 迪亞哥 我的母親 迪亞哥 我的父親 迪亞哥 我的兒子