袁威學(xué)習(xí)筆記：直接引語和間接引語

1、袁威學(xué)習(xí)筆記直 接 引 語間 接 引 語1直接引語：直接引語：直接引述別人的話，前要加引號.間接引語：間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不用引號. 在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句.例例.John said, “I like reading story books.” John said that he liked reading story books。間接引語直接引語直接引語直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語間接引語 1.直接引語為陳述句直接引語為陳述句 變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 連接詞用that, 在口語中可省略. 引述動詞用said, told等. 句型: 注意注意:可以說 said that從句, said to

2、 sb. that從句, told sb. that從句, 但不可說told that從句. 2 He said, “Ive left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room. He said to us, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. 若直接引語中沒有間接賓語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時可加可加一個間接賓語,如 me,him,her,theu,you,us 等.但用to

3、ld間接引語主句的謂語動詞時必修加間接賓語,句型: S told sb. 從句從句.加間接賓語 me無間接賓語間接賓語 us3時態(tài)變化時態(tài)變化 直接引語直接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時 間接引語間接引語一般過去時過去將來時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在將來變過去現(xiàn)在將來變過去, 過去變過去完成過去變過去完成, 過去完成不變過去完成不變.4人稱變化人稱變化一一隨隨主主二二 隨隨 賓賓 三三 不不 變變引號內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變She said,

4、“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.使間接引語中的人稱與直接引語中的人稱指向一致使間接引語中的人稱與直接引語中的人稱指向一致.5 2. 直接引語為一般疑問句直接引語為一般疑問句 變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 連接詞用if或whet

5、her, 而引述選擇疑問選擇疑問句句時只能用whether, 疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序, 引述動詞用asked, 句型: She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 1.She said to me, “I broke your CD player.” She told me that she had broken my CD player. 2.He said to her, “I broke your CD player.” He told her that he had br

6、oken her CD player. 二隨賓一隨主6 “Is this room yours or his?” He asked me whether this room was mine or his. He said to me , “I am learning English now.” He said to me that he was learning English then.3.3.直接引語是特殊疑問句直接引語是特殊疑問句 變?yōu)殚g接引語時,連接詞用特殊疑問句的疑問詞,疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序. 句型: The teacher said, “What are you doing no

7、w?” The teacher asked me what I was doing then.加間接賓語加間接賓語 me無間接賓語無間接賓語代詞指向，二隨賓間接賓語間接賓語 me He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. 加間接賓語 me無間接賓語不加間接賓語me也可7時間變化時間變化next=followingbefore= earlier8 He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He t

8、old us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 加間接賓語 us無間接賓語 “Who is here?” he asked. He asked who was there.地點狀語變化地點狀語變化 He asked, “Which school are you in?” He asked me which school I was in. He asked which school I was in.here there加間接賓語 me無間接賓語二隨賓二隨賓不加間接賓語me也可9 “Why do you tell me

9、the answer to this question?” She asked why I told her the answer to that question.指示代詞變化指示代詞變化注意注意 如果直接引語是“Whats thematter?” “Whats wrong?” “Whats the trouble?”, 變間接引語時語序不變語序不變。 He said, “whats the matter with you? ” He asked me whats the matter with me.10 He asked,“How are you gettingalong?” He as

10、ked us how we were getting along.加間接賓語 us無間接賓語二隨賓 He said, “We shall start tomorrow.” He said they would start the next day. “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked. Jack asked me if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 加間接賓語 me無間接賓語 He a

11、sked, “ ?” He asked how far it was from tohome.三不變11 4. 4.直接引語為祈使句直接引語為祈使句 變?yōu)殚g接引語時,將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式。據(jù)語氣不同語氣不同引述動詞有tell, ask, order, beg, advise 等,句型：tell/ask/order /beg / advise sb.(not/never)to do sth. “Make sure the door is shut,” she said to her little son. She told her little son to make sure

12、the door was shut. “Dont cry any more,” he said to his little brother. He asked his little brother not to cry any more. He said to the boy,“ Come here, young man! ” He asked the boy to go there.方向動詞變化12 I said to him, “Lets start at once.” I suggested to him that we should start at once. I suggested

13、 starting at once.直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,通常用 “suggest doing sth./that we should do sth.”應(yīng)該 “Dont leave the door open after midnight,” said Mother. Mother told me not to leave the door open after midnight. 方向動詞變化方向動詞變化 He said , “Dont make so much noise, boys.” He ordered the boys not to make s

14、o much noise.135.直接引語為感嘆句直接引語為感嘆句變?yōu)橛梢龑?dǎo)的賓語從句 He said, “How happy I am!” He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was. He said, “What a fine day it is!” He said what a fine day it was. He exclaimed that it was a fine day. He said, “How fine the day is!” He said how fine the day was. 14 “Yo

15、uve already got well, havent you? ” she asked. She asked whether I had already got well(康復(fù)). 6. 直接引語為反意疑問句直接引語為反意疑問句 變成whether或 if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。15直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況時態(tài)不變變?yōu)殚g接引語,從句時態(tài)不變. She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” She often says that all men and women are equal under the law. 2.

16、直接引語的“ ”部分有具體具體的過去過去時間狀語:過去某年,某月,某日時,變?yōu)殚g接引語,時態(tài)不變. Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.省略that16 She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 3.直接引語的“ ”部分有以when,while,since引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間的

17、時間狀語從句時, 時間狀語從句的時態(tài)不時間狀語從句的時態(tài)不變變. 4.直接引語的“ ”部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的,習(xí)慣性的動作或說話時情況仍然存在的,變間接引語時, 時態(tài)保持不變。 The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. 省略that17 She said to me, “You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.must, need, ought to,used to, had better, would rather, 情態(tài)動詞的過去時(should, might)等時 “I should try my best next time.” Jack thought. Jack thought he should try his best the next time. 注注: must must / had to 6.直接引語的“ ”部分是諺語、格言時 18 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes