Unit 11 Reasons for International Trade

1、Unit 11 Reasons for International TradeUSD/$ GBP/ JPY/J￥ CAD/C$ EUR/ HKD/HK$ CHF/SF CNY/RMB￥ (Confederation Helvetica, 海爾維第聯(lián)邦海爾維第聯(lián)邦 ) Unit 11 Reasons for International TradeWarm-up Activities Group DiscussionWhy do people trade goods?What do you think of Chinas entry to WTO? What are the advantages

2、and disadvantages? What do you think the reasons for international trade are?HomeResources reasonsnNo nation has all of the commodities that it needs nCoffee: Colombia, Brazil: major grower of coffee beans， the USA: major consumer nCopper: Peru, ZairenDiamonds: South Africa Uneven distribution of re

3、sources leads to international trade Reasons for International TradeResources reasonsEconomic reasonsOther reasonscoffeecopperdiamond2. Economic reasons n Development of manufacturing and technology economic benefits another incentive for international trade. Gain economically by tradingn China has

4、been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries.n Economic theory: produce and export the products which a country has comparative advantage. (more in Ch. 2)3. Other reasons nNot have enough of a particular item (Ch

5、ina: oil producer, consumes more than produces)nInnovation or a variety of style (the USA: largest auto producer, still import from Japan, Germany)nPolitical objectives (support the government of another country)Spot DictationPhonetic PickupWarm-up ActivitiesUnderstanding of the TextText Analysis: L

6、anguage pointsCONTENTSListening and SpeakingSpot DictationKeys: (1) against; (2) urging; (3) filing; (4) launching; (5) raw; (6) conscious; (7) preference; (8) restrict; (9) despite; (10) eliminateHomeUnderstanding of the Text(1) One obvious reason for foreign trade applies to those goods that a nat

7、ion cannot produce at home because it lacks the natural or technological resources. Secondly, when one nation produces less of a good than another nation at the same cost, it should import that good rather than produce it at home so as to reduce cost.HomeUnderstanding of the Text(2) Foreign trade is

8、 mutually beneficial, even when one nation is absolutely more efficient in the production of every good, as long as there are differences in the relative costs of producing the various goods in the two potential trading nations. The theory of comparative advantage is closely tied to the concept of o

9、pportunity cost. If one nation is more efficient than another in producing both wheat and computers, trade is profitable as long as the relative costs of the two goods are different in the two countries. Home(3) because the United States can produce 1 unit of steel for each unit of wool it foregoes,

10、 whereas the Australians can produce only 1/2 unit of steel for each unit of wool they give up. Thus, if Americans produce their wool at home by cutting back on steel production, their opportunity cost is 1 unit of steel for each unit of wool. Because the cost of wool, in terms of steel, is relative

11、ly less in Australia than in the United States, the Australians have a comparative advantage in wool production. It would therefore pay the American to specialize in steel production and buy their wool from Australia,Understanding of the Text(4) One nation has comparative advantage over another for

12、a given product when its opportunity cost for producing that product is less than that of another.(5) Open to discussion.Congratulations! Now you have got a general idea of the text. Therefore, we may go into the text and explore its details.Understanding of the Textgross (Para 1 in Text A) gross in

13、come/salary/pay毛收入（稅前） This is a family with gross earnings of just 75 per week 這個(gè)家庭每周總收入才75磅。gross weight 毛重 gross domestic product (GDP) 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值gross national product (GNP) 國民生產(chǎn)總值Text Analysis: Language pointsdomestic （Para 2 in Text A ) domestic market/economy/demand 國內(nèi)市場/國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)/國內(nèi)需求The domestic eco

14、nomy showed no improvement. 國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象。 domestic chores/life 家庭瑣事/家庭生活 Nowadays there is more sharing of domestic chores. 現(xiàn)在更分擔(dān)干家務(wù)活了。 domestic appliances 家用電器 Text Analysis: Language pointsapply (to sb) for sth: make a formal request 申請; 請求apply for a job, post, passport, visa 申請工作 職位 護(hù)照 簽證. apply

15、to sb/sth: be relevant (to sb/sth); have an effect （與某人某物）有關(guān); 有效; 適用These rules dont always apply. 這些規(guī)則并非總能行得通. What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所說的只適用於你們當(dāng)中的一部分人. Text Analysis: Language pointsswap to give something to someone and get something in return 交換, 交易; 交換; 與.交換; 以.作交換= exchan

16、geDo you want to swap umbrellas?swap sth for sthShe had swapped her long skirts for jeans and T shirts.He swapped his London home for a cottage in Scotland.Text Analysis: Language pointsrather than conj.寧可 . 也不愿, 與其 . 倒不如, 而不是 Rather than lose the children, she would die.=Shed rather die than lose t

17、he children. (當(dāng)主句中有would, should時(shí)，可將 rather than從句中的rather轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去)Rather than you say anything, I would speak to the manager myself.我寧愿親自跟經(jīng)理談，你任何事也別談。Text Analysis: Language pointsRather than risk breaking up his marriage he told his wife everything. 他惟恐婚姻破裂，把一切都告訴了妻子。這是政治問題而不是社會(huì)問題。would rather/soon

18、er + that 從句時(shí)用虛擬語氣Id rather you didnt go out alone .Id rather we had gone by air.= I would prefer to have gone by air.Text Analysis: Language pointsprep.其后接代詞、名詞和動(dòng)名詞Rather than a new car, he bought a color television.It is a telex rather than a letter. 與其說它是一封信，不如說它是一封電傳。She enjoys singing rather th

19、an dancing. 她喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。advantage over sbRich has an advantage over you since he can speak German. 理奇比你占優(yōu)勢，因?yàn)樗麜?huì)講德語。He took advantage of her good nature. 他利用了她脾氣好這個(gè)特點(diǎn)。她豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)使她比其他求職者具有有利條件。Her rich experience gave her an advantage over other applicants for the job. Text Analysis: Language pointsassum

20、e accept (sth) as true before there is proof 假定; 假設(shè); 設(shè)想; 以為 We cannot assume anything in this case. 在這種情形下我們無法作任何揣測. I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue. 我認(rèn)為目前的情況將會(huì)繼續(xù)下去. We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty. 尚未證實(shí)他有罪, 就得假定他是清白的.Text Analysis: Language

21、points worthwhile （Para.3 in Text A) its worthwhile to do sth to do sth 值得做某事Its worthwhile to wait for such a long time because we finally got the tickets. 等這么久是值得的，因?yàn)樽詈笪覀冞€是買到了票。Text Analysis: Language pointsits worthwhile doing sth值得做某事I dont think it worthwhile taking such trouble. 我想不值得費(fèi)這么大的事了。

22、consider/find /think sth worthwhile認(rèn)為值得You might find it worthwhile to consult a financial adviser. 你也許會(huì)覺得找一個(gè)財(cái)務(wù)顧問是值得的。Text Analysis: Language pointsin terms of 就 . 而言, 在 . 方面In term of money, hes quite rich, but not in term of happiness. 就錢來說他很富有，但就幸福來說就不然。The figures are expressed in terms of a per

23、centage/in percentage terms. 那些數(shù)字是以百分?jǐn)?shù)表示的。Staying up late makes him at his worst in terms of physical situation. 熬夜使得他的體力狀況處于低潮。Text Analysis: Language points1. Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. (1) and now it is quite different from what it used to be forty years ago.(2) whether t

24、he film is worth seeing(3) They have no idea at all(4) that his mother is ill (5) What I cant understand is3. Translate the Chinese into English. (1) I dont care about whether you have money or not.(2) She said that the book was based on a true story. (3) What he really means is that he disagrees with us. (4) He has made it clear that he will not give in.(5) It is known to u