英語分詞講述

1、 Grammar Participles一一 分詞的概述分詞的概述 分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中作分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中作表語、表語、定語、狀語定語、狀語和和賓語補足語賓語補足語。 分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。 現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：do+ing 過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞 go-went-gone現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別 1語態(tài)上：語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動 Do you know the woman talking to Tom?

2、The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor. 2 時態(tài)上：時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成 developing country / developed country boiling water/boiled water二、分詞的作用二、分詞的作用 1、作定語、作定語 分詞作定語有兩種形式分詞作定語有兩種形式: 前置定語和后置定語。前置定語和后置定語。（1）前置定語）前置定語 He is a promising young man. We only sell used books. （2）后置定語）

3、后置定語 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. The bridge built last month needs repairing. （3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個定語）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。從句。 Those wishing to join this club should sign here. (=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.) The

4、 man, delighted with the news, told everybody about what had happened. (=The man, who was delighted with the news, told everybody about what had happened.)（4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成，只表完成。完成，只表完成。 the question discussed yesterday （既表示被動也表示完成）（既表示被動也表示完成） the fallen leaves (只表示

5、完成，不表示被動只表示完成，不表示被動) 在英語中只表完成不表被動的往往是一些不及物動詞的在英語中只表完成不表被動的往往是一些不及物動詞的過去分詞。過去分詞。 the changed situation a newly returned student等。等。2、作表語、作表語 分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如： She was too frightened to move. What you said is really inspiring. The football match is exciting. This book is very in

6、teresting. I am interested in this book.3、作賓語補足語、作賓語補足語 可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。等詞。 I saw him walking in the street. I heard them singing in the classroom. A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room. B）I heard the song ( singing , su

7、ng ) in English . 注：注： feel , hear , notice see , watch等后面既可以用等后面既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，也可用不帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，也可用不帶to的不定式來充的不定式來充當(dāng)。當(dāng)。 I saw him crossing the street. I saw him cross the street. 用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，強調(diào)分詞動作在用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，強調(diào)分詞動作在發(fā)生和進行發(fā)生和進行之中之中；用不帶；用不帶to的不定式來充當(dāng)賓語補足語，則著重的不定式來充當(dāng)賓語補足語，則著重說明不定式動作從說明不定式動作從發(fā)生到結(jié)束的全過程。發(fā)

8、生到結(jié)束的全過程。 They heard him something aloud in the next room. They heard him something aloud in the next room for a while. readreading 過去分詞與賓語之間是被動的關(guān)系。過去分詞與賓語之間是被動的關(guān)系。 1. I heard my name _(call). 2 .I found the egg _(eat) by a snake. 3. I cant make myself _(understand) because of my broken English. eat

9、enunderstoodcalled Have + sth. +done/doing have 后面的賓語補足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句后面的賓語補足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的; 后面的賓補用現(xiàn)在后面的賓補用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作由賓語發(fā)出，并強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。分詞表示動作由賓語發(fā)出，并強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。 I have my hair cut. She has her bike repaired. They have their house rebuilt. The doctor had the boy walking again. T

10、he worker managed to have the machine running. 4、作狀語、作狀語 （1）表示時間）表示時間 Arriving in Paris, I lost my way. The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed by his wolf-dog. 表示與主句中謂語動詞同時性的表示與主句中謂語動詞同時性的現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)時間意義強調(diào)時間意義時，分詞前可以加上時，分詞前可以加上while, when等從屬連接詞，但等從屬連接詞，但as沒有這種用法。如：沒有這種用法。如： Dont talk while

11、having dinner. When crossing the street, do be careful. （2）表示原因）表示原因 表示原因的分詞短語一般置于句首。表示原因的分詞短語一般置于句首。 Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well. Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. （3）表示結(jié)果）表示結(jié)果 The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. Foot

12、ball is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. （4）表示方式）表示方式 I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. （5）表示條件）表示條件 United, we stand; divided, we fall. Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 強調(diào)條件時，可以在前面加上強調(diào)條件時，可以在前面加上unless, once等。如：等。如： You shouldnt come in unles

13、s asked to. Once losing this chance, you cant easily find it. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞表現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行主動進行，過去分詞表，過去分詞表被動完成被動完成 1. _(See) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. _(See) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. _(Hear) the bad news, they coul

14、dnt help crying. 3. _(Give) more time, we could do it better. GivenHearingSeenSeeing 4. They came into the classroom, _(sing and laugh). 5. The teacher stood there, _(surround) by many students.singing and laughingsurrounded 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式和完成式（過去分詞沒有被動和完成式，其本身就具備著兩個特征）（過去分詞沒有被動和完成式，其本身就具備著兩個特征

15、） 被動式：被動式： being done 表示一個現(xiàn)在進行的完成動作。表示一個現(xiàn)在進行的完成動作。 1.The building being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up. 完成式：完成式：having done 所表示的動作在謂語動詞所所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。表示的動作之前發(fā)生。 1. Having been to the G

16、reat Wall many times, he didnt go there last week. 2. Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 3. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.二、分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)二、分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則，分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則，就必須在分詞前另加上自己的邏輯主語（名詞或主格代就必須在分詞前另加上自

17、己的邏輯主語（名詞或主格代詞）詞）的這個結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。的這個結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 1、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常放在句首。表示時間、條件、原因時，、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常放在句首。表示時間、條件、原因時，其作用分別相當(dāng)于個時間、條件、原因狀語從名句。表其作用分別相當(dāng)于個時間、條件、原因狀語從名句。表示伴隨方式時，相當(dāng)于一個并列句。如：示伴隨方式時，相當(dāng)于一個并列句。如： Supper finished, we started to discuss the picnic. (=After supper was finished，we started) All the ticke

18、ts having been sold out, we had to wait for the next weeks show. (=As all the tickets having been sold out) 2、表示獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的、表示獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being常省略。如：常省略。如： When the football match was over, crowds of people poured out into the street. (The football match (being) over, crowd) Because nobody was in, I didnt

19、enter the hall. (Nobody (being) in,) 3、表示伴隨方式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時可用、表示伴隨方式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時可用“with賓語賓語補足語賓語賓語補足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)來替換。如：的結(jié)構(gòu)來替換。如： He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head,) The river looks more beautiful, flowers and grass growing on both sides (=with flowers and grass growi

20、ng on both sides) with賓語賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中常見常用的賓語賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中常見常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，其賓語補足語可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定結(jié)構(gòu)，其賓語補足語可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等，在句中可作定語，也式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等，在句中可作定語，也可作狀語，表示原因、方式等。如：可作狀語，表示原因、方式等。如： The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wide. I would miss the train, with no one to wake me up. The

21、 river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard. With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest. 4、有些慣用的分詞短語在句里可以沒有邏輯上的主語、有些慣用的分詞短語在句里可以沒有邏輯上的主語而獨立存在，它們往往作為句子的獨立成分來修飾全句。而獨立存在，它們往往作為句子的獨立成分來修飾全句。如：如： generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking, judging from/by

22、, considering, supposing, providing, provided等。等。 Talking of the computer, I like it very much. Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning. 1) After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys _to go to school.

23、A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged2) _,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equal C) To be equal to other things D) Other things

24、to be equal3)All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A)considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered8) You will see this product _ wherever you go. A)to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising9) _in a recent science competition, the three students

25、 were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A) To be judged the best B) having judged the bestC) Judged the best D) Judging the best10) From the dates _ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A) marking B) having been markedC) marked D) to be marked 11) She stood by the

26、window, _.A) thinking B) think C) thought D) thinks12) _ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing13) The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper.A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write14) It _ now pretty late, we took ou

27、r things and retired to our room. A) is B) being C) turned D) got 15) _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) When compared B) While comparing C) Compare D) Comparing16) The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand _ a stick for support.

28、A)held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding17) _ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting. A) having defeated B) To have defeated C) having been defeated D) To have been defeated18) _neglecting our education, my father sent me to school.A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) To be a

29、ccused of D) That he was accused of19) _ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.A) He is remembered B) While being rememberedC) To be remembered D) Though remembered20) _ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a

30、good job.A) Given B) Because C) Giving D) As 21) _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A) If walking B) While walking C) Walking D) When one is walking22) I understood you were third-year students _ in English.A)who majors B) who major isC) have

31、 majored D) majoring23) A cool rain was falling, _ with snow. A)mixed B) mixing C) to mix D) having mixed24) _ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.A)Surrounded B) SurroundingC) having surrounded D) To be surrounded26) All the exam papers _, the teacher sent the class home.A)

32、Having been handed in B) having hands inC) handing in D) being handed in 27) _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A) Founding B) It was founded C) Being founded D) Founded28) There _ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable pla

33、ce in which to live.A) be B) was C) were D) being29) _ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.A) having lived B) Lived C) Living D) To live 31) The lab _ next year will be more advanced than the old one.A) built B) to be built C) being built D) to buil

34、d32) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.A) being lost B) losing C) having lost D) lost34) Such _ the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints.A) is B) was C) be D) being35) Peter is a good student, _ his best subject. A) as English B) English

35、 as C) being English D) English being 1)C 2)A 3)A 4)A 5)A 6)A 7)C 8)B 9)C 10)C 11)A 12)A 13)C 14)B 15)A 16)B 17)C 18)A 19)D 20)A 21)D22)D 23)A 24)A 25)C 26)A 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B32)D 33)C 34)D 35)D .用適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語動詞形式填空用適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語動詞形式填空 1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams. 2.When I got there, I found

36、 him (repair) farm tools. 3.When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair) 4.Just then he heard someone (call) for help. 5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise) 6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river. 7. (compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautifu

37、l. 8.The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time. 9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo. 10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. Cheating repairing being repaired calling playing Compared running made oflost.用分詞改寫下列句子。用分

38、詞改寫下列句子。 Look round when you cross the street. Look round when crossing the street. She heard the news and she burst into laughter. Hearing the news, she burst into laughter. She was still rather weak. She could not stay up for too long. Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long. G

39、entlemen always shake hands. They are introduced to each other. Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other.用分詞改寫下列句子。用分詞改寫下列句子。 A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. We were walking in the street. We met some friends of ours. While

40、 walking in the street, we met some friends of ours. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.The old man walked slowly, supported by his little grandson.用分詞改寫下列句子。用分詞改寫下列句子。 The ground is covered with white snow. It looks very beautiful. The ground covered with white snow

41、looks very beautiful. There is a tall tree. It covers the entrance to the cave. There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave. The worker wrote to the police and disclosed(揭發(fā)揭發(fā)) who stole the money.The worker wrote to the police disclosing who stole the money.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. _ the

42、 house on fire, he dialed 119.(see) 2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _ . (fix) 3.Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its a pleasure to hear her sing. (please) 4. _ a post office, I stopped _ some stamps. (pass, buy) 5. _ with

43、the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.(Compare) 6.Here are some new computer programs _ for home buildings. (design) ComparedPassing tofixedpleased pleasingdesignedSeeing 7. _ a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. (save) 8.The teach

44、er came into the classroom _ by his students. (followed) 9.With the money _ , he couldnt buy any ticket.(lose) 10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make myself_.(hear) 11.The result of the test was rather _ .(disappoint) 12.Ive never heard the word _ in spoken English. (us

45、e) lostfolloweddisappointingHaving savedusedheard 13. _ how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. (Not know) 14.Deeply _ , I thanked her again and again.(move) 15.With winter _ on, its time to buy warm clothes. (come) 16._ the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teachi

46、ng building. (show) 17.He went from door to door, _ waste papers and magazines. (gather) 18.The student corrected his paper carefully,_ the professors suggestions.( follow) 19.People _ in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. (live)gatheringHaving been showncomingmovedNot knowingfollowi

47、ngliving 20.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _ .(understand) 21.The scientists were waiting to see the problem _ . (settle) 22.The ground is _ with _ leaves. (cover, fall) 23.Lessons _ easily were soon forgotten. (learn) 24.The wallet _ several days ago was found _ i

48、n the dustbin outside the building.(steal, hide) 25.A person _ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language _ all about his own. ( learn, forget) 26. _ different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality. (produce)covered fallenlearnedstolen hidingforgettingHaving pr

49、oducedsettledunderstoodlearning 28.Many things _ impossible in the past are very common today. (consider) 29. _ _ many times, he still couldnt understand.(tell) 30.China is one of the largest countries in the world, _ 9.6 million square (平方平方) kilometres. (cover) 31.We must keep a secret of the thin

50、gs _ here, the general said, seriously_ at the man in charge of the information office. (discuss, stare ) 32.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction, _that he had enjoyed his stay here.(add) 33. _ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. (write)consideredHavi

51、ng been toldcoveringstaringaddingHaving written discussed34.Were you _ when you saw that wild animal?(fright) 35.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.(mark)36.At this moment the bell rang _ the end of class. (announce) 39.The graduating students are busy _ material for their reports.

52、 (collect)40.The cars _ in Beijing are as good as those _ in Shanghai. (produce, produce)41.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _ a patient.(examine)42. _ a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.(give)43.He wrote a letter to me _ that his trip to Japan had been put off bec

53、ause of the bad weather.(say)collectingannouncingexaminingHaving been givensayingmarkedfrightenedproducedproduced 用分詞短語改寫下列句子。用分詞短語改寫下列句子。(部分獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)也適用分詞）部分獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)也適用分詞） 1. After the work had been done, we went home. The work done, we went home. 2. If weather permits, they will go on an outing to the beach tom