英語(yǔ)從句翻譯方法

1、英語(yǔ)從句翻譯方法英語(yǔ)多從句，漢語(yǔ)多分句：就句子類型而言，英語(yǔ)句子不僅可以在簡(jiǎn)單句中使用很長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)使句子變長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)也可以用從句使句子變復(fù)雜，而這些從句往往通過(guò)從句引導(dǎo)詞與主句或其它從句連接，整個(gè)句子盡管表面上看錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜卻是一個(gè)整體。漢語(yǔ)本來(lái)就喜歡用短句，加上表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)松散，因此，英譯漢時(shí)需要將各種英語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行處理，可以譯成一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)單句，也可譯成多個(gè)漢語(yǔ)分句。并按照漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣對(duì)英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)部分（從句引導(dǎo)詞）加以邏輯梳理，既分而敘之，又上關(guān)下聯(lián)，承接轉(zhuǎn)換，猶如整容。一 名詞性從句的譯法名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。下面我們便逐一論述這些名詞性從句的翻譯方法。1.

2、 主語(yǔ)從句1) 由what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句漢譯時(shí)一般可按原文順序翻譯。例如：What he said is true.譯文：他說(shuō)的一切都是真的。Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.譯文：誰(shuí)違犯了紀(jì)律，誰(shuí)就應(yīng)該受到批評(píng)。2) 由it作形式主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)視情況可以提前，也可以不提前。例如：It doesn't make much difference whether you come yourself or send a substitute.譯文：你是自己來(lái)還是派

3、代理人來(lái)，都無(wú)關(guān)緊要。（提前）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.譯文：駕駛員在飛機(jī)墜毀之后竟然還活著，這看來(lái)是不可想象的。（提前）It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.譯文：這奇怪，她竟然沒(méi)有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。（不提前）It is reported that our country has sent another spaceship.譯文：據(jù)報(bào)道，我們國(guó)家又發(fā)射了一艘宇宙飛船。（不提前）反之

4、，漢語(yǔ)分句可以譯成英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句，例如：真奇怪（可惜），竟無(wú)人喜歡這本書。譯文：It's strange (a pity) that no one should like this book.據(jù)說(shuō)，他愛(ài)世間的所有生命，就如同一個(gè)父親愛(ài)他自己的孩子那樣。譯文：It is said that he loves all beings just like a father loves his young children.2. 賓語(yǔ)從句1) 由that, what, how等引起的賓語(yǔ)從句漢譯時(shí)一般不需要提前，可按原文順序翻譯。例如：He would remind people again an

5、d again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.譯文：他再三提醒大家說(shuō)，決定這件事的不只是他一個(gè)人，還有其他許多人。I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience.譯文：我知道他完全夠條件，但我覺(jué)得他需要更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2) 用it作假賓語(yǔ)的句子，漢譯時(shí)that引起的賓語(yǔ)從句視情況可以提前，也可以不提前，“it”不譯。I take it for granted that we should wo

6、rk hard.譯文：我理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該努力工作。（也可譯為：我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該努力工作，這是理所當(dāng)然的。）I consider it a great honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.譯文：我被指定參加會(huì)議，感到十分榮幸。反之，漢語(yǔ)分句可以譯成英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：史密斯回答說(shuō)，他感到很遺憾。譯文：Smith replied that he was sorry.我向他們講清楚了，他們必須在上午十點(diǎn)前交卷。譯文：I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers bef

7、ore 10 oclock in the morning.3. 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句一樣，一般可按原文順序翻譯。例如：That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power.譯文：就這樣，小國(guó)戰(zhàn)勝了大國(guó)。His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.譯文：他對(duì)新聞界看法是，記者們不是支持他，就是反對(duì)他。反之，漢語(yǔ)分句可以譯成英語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句，例如：他再三強(qiáng)調(diào)，他們絕不應(yīng)該后退寸步。譯文：What he emphas

8、ized over and over again was that they should never retreat even for an inch.然而，現(xiàn)實(shí)情況仍舊是，雖然她貌似一個(gè)軍事強(qiáng)國(guó)，她的空防卻遠(yuǎn)不是無(wú)懈可擊的。譯文：The fact, however, remains that, though seemingly a big military power, she is far from invulnerable in her air defense.4. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)是用來(lái)對(duì)名詞或代詞作進(jìn)一步解釋的。同位語(yǔ)可以是單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。以下便是同位語(yǔ)從句的譯法。1) 按原文順

9、序翻譯。He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.譯文：他表示希望再到中國(guó)訪問(wèn)。There were also indications that intelligence, not politics was Helms primary concern.譯文：而且也有種種跡象表明，赫爾姆斯主要關(guān)心的是情報(bào)，而不是政治。2) 同位語(yǔ)從句提前。It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.譯文：遲延應(yīng)由他負(fù)責(zé)，這

10、個(gè)事實(shí)是改變不了的。They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.譯文：對(duì)于他寧愿自殺也不投降這種假設(shè)，他們是很懷疑的。3) 增加“即”或“以為”，或用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)分開。Influenced by these ethics, Powers lived under the delusion that money does not stink.譯文：受了這種道德觀念的熏陶，鮑爾斯生活在一種錯(cuò)覺(jué)中，以為金錢總是香噴噴的。But it ignores the fa

11、ct that, though pilots, we potentially were in as much danger of capture as any covert agent.譯文：但卻忽略了這一點(diǎn)，即我們雖說(shuō)是飛行員，卻和任何潛伏的特務(wù)一樣有被 俘的危險(xiǎn)。But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.譯文：但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下，我們不得不正視這樣的事實(shí)：我們的前景并不妙。And there was the possibility that a s

12、mall electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.譯文：而且總有這種可能性一個(gè)小小的電火花，可能會(huì)意外地繞過(guò)了最為精心設(shè)計(jì)的線路。反之，漢語(yǔ)分句可以譯成英語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句，例如;作為一個(gè)孝順的兒子，我接受了父親的決定，要當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。譯文：As an obedient son, I accepted my fathers decision that I was to be a doctor.不久以前，科學(xué)家們有了一個(gè)令人振奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即可以把這種廢物變?yōu)樗芰?。譯文：Not long ag

13、o the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” matter could be turned into plastics.二 定語(yǔ)從句的譯法英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句呈右開放狀，可以向右無(wú)限擴(kuò)展；而漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有定語(yǔ)從句之說(shuō)，作為修飾成分的定語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上放在被修飾詞之前（左邊），呈左封閉狀，不能像英語(yǔ)那樣隨意擴(kuò)展。因此我們?cè)诜g復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，最有效的方法就是將其切分為一個(gè)個(gè)短句再分別處理。1. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)所修飾的先行詞起限制作用，與先行詞關(guān)系密切，不用逗號(hào)分開。翻譯這類句子時(shí)往往可以采用以下三種方法。1

14、) 前置法。把英語(yǔ)限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成帶“的”的定語(yǔ)詞組，放在被修飾詞之前，從而將復(fù)合句譯成漢語(yǔ)單句。I am a girl who likes dancing.譯文：我就是一個(gè)愛(ài)好舞蹈的女孩。Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.譯文：污染是我們必須解決的一個(gè)緊迫問(wèn)題。There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.譯文：全世界人民在社會(huì)主義陽(yáng)光下過(guò)幸福生活的一天是會(huì)到來(lái)的

15、。2) 后置法。譯成前置定語(yǔ)的方法大都適用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但一般用于譯比較簡(jiǎn)單的的英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句；如果從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，譯成漢語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)顯得太長(zhǎng)而不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)，往往可以譯成后置的并列分句。A 譯成并列分句，重復(fù)英語(yǔ)先行詞。They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.譯文：為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛(ài)的，在過(guò)去，許多中國(guó)人為了這個(gè)

16、理想而犧牲了自己的生命。Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with him to light his way to school on dark winter mornings.譯文：牛頓發(fā)明了一盞點(diǎn)蠟燭的紙燈籠，在昏暗朦朧的冬天早晨上學(xué)時(shí)帶著燈籠照路。B 譯成并列分句，省略英語(yǔ)先行詞。He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.譯文：他種出了200個(gè)大得驚

17、人的西紅柿，每個(gè)重達(dá)兩磅。They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.譯文：他們制定出一種新方法，采用之后生產(chǎn)迅速得到提高。3) 熔合法。A 熔合法是指把原句中的主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句熔合在一起譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立句子的一種翻譯方法。由于限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句關(guān)系緊密，所以熔合法比較適用于翻譯限制性定語(yǔ)從句。英語(yǔ)中的There be結(jié)構(gòu)漢譯時(shí)往往就是這樣處理的。There are many people who want to see the film.譯文：許多人要看這部電影。There wer

18、e men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.譯文：在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一個(gè)月。There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.譯文：樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。B 此外，還有些帶有定語(yǔ)從句的英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可將英語(yǔ)主句壓縮成漢語(yǔ)詞組作語(yǔ)，而把定語(yǔ)從句譯成謂語(yǔ)，熔合成一個(gè)句子?！癢e are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist.譯文：一位外國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說(shuō)道：“我們這個(gè)國(guó)家不

19、討飯就活不下去。”We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.譯文：我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有國(guó)籍的某些標(biāo)志。反之，漢語(yǔ)句子也可譯成英語(yǔ)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，例如：他三歲就死了父親，所以記不起他的父親了。譯文：He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.我有一個(gè)問(wèn)題弄不懂，想請(qǐng)教你，你能回答嗎?譯文：Can you answer a question which I wan

20、t to ask and is puzzling me?偶爾也有這樣的日子，我的沮喪之情會(huì)暫時(shí)消散。譯文：Occasionally there would be the days when my depression would dissipate temporarily.2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法英語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞不起限制作用，只對(duì)它加以描寫、敘述或解釋。翻譯這類從句時(shí)可以采用以下幾種方法。1) 前置法。一些較短而具有描寫性的英語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可譯成帶“的”的前置定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞前面。但這種處理方法不如用在英語(yǔ)限制性定語(yǔ)從句那樣普遍。He liked his sist

21、er, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.譯文：他喜歡熱情愉快的妹妹，但不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。But Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.譯文：但密格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了平靜。2) 后置法。A 譯成并列分句a 從句后置，重復(fù)英語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞所代表的含義。I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.譯文：我把這件

22、事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。This is a college of science and technology, the student of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.譯文：這是一所科技大學(xué)，該校學(xué)生將被培養(yǎng)成工程師或科學(xué)工作者。b 從句后置，省略英語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞所代表的含義。This type of meter is called a multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.譯文：這種儀表稱為萬(wàn)用表，用來(lái)測(cè)量電流。After dinner, the fou

23、r key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.譯文：飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人物繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談，一直談到深夜。c 從句前置，重復(fù)英語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞所代表的含義。The men had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.譯文：這些花以前一直被這些人

24、漫不經(jīng)心地踩在腳下，現(xiàn)在他們突然意識(shí)到這些小玩意兒的美麗和意義了。It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.譯文：他站住，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，定睛一看，是個(gè)年邁的婦女，她身材很高，仍然一副好模樣，雖然受了時(shí)間的折磨而有些憔悴。B 譯成獨(dú)立句Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations we

25、re accurate.譯文：不過(guò)，問(wèn)題還是圓滿地解決了。這說(shuō)明計(jì)算很準(zhǔn)確。He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.譯文：他和副總統(tǒng)尼克松談過(guò)話。副總統(tǒng)向他擔(dān)保，凡是能夠做到的都將竭盡全力去做。反之，漢語(yǔ)句子也可譯成英語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，例如：他把這種想法向海軍上將匯報(bào)，海軍上將對(duì)這想法很感興趣，命令進(jìn)行秘密研究，看看是否可行。譯文：He took the idea to Admiral, who liked it and or

26、dered a secret study made to see if it could be done.我遇到了一個(gè)問(wèn)題。當(dāng)我就要出席會(huì)議時(shí)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題越發(fā)明顯了。譯文：I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting.3. 兼有狀語(yǔ)職能的定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法英語(yǔ)中有些定語(yǔ)從句，兼有狀語(yǔ)從句的職能，在意義上與主句有狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系，說(shuō)明原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、假設(shè)等關(guān)系。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)善于從原文的字里行間發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯上的關(guān)系，然后譯成漢語(yǔ)各種相應(yīng)的偏正復(fù)句。1) 譯成表示原因的分句。The

27、ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.譯文：大使只宴請(qǐng)了幾個(gè)人，因?yàn)樗貏e想和這些人談?wù)劊犅犓麄兊囊庖?jiàn)。You must grasp the concept of “work”, which is very important in physics.譯文：你必須掌握“功”的概念，因?yàn)樗谖锢韺W(xué)中很重要。2) 譯成表示結(jié)果的分句。Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electri

28、city, offers very little resistance.譯文：銅的電阻很小，所以廣泛地用來(lái)傳輸電力。There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.譯文：這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)出心裁，很有魄力，所以他們都很喜歡3) 譯成表示讓步的分句。He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.譯文：他堅(jiān)持要再造一棟房子，盡管他并無(wú)此需要。Electronic compute

29、rs, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace them.譯文：盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作，也不能代替人。4) 譯成表示目的的分句。We have to oil the moving parts of the machine, the friction of which may thus be greatly reduced.譯文：我們必須給機(jī)器的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件加潤(rùn)滑油，以使摩擦大大減少。I will try to get an illustrated dictionary

30、 dealing with technical terms, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.譯文：我要設(shè)法弄一本有插圖的技術(shù)名詞詞典，以便把科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)譯得更準(zhǔn)確。5) 譯成表示條件、假設(shè)的分句。Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.譯文：人們拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能維持一家人的生活就行。For any machine whose inp

31、ut and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated.譯文：對(duì)于任何機(jī)器來(lái)說(shuō)，如果知其輸入力和輸出力，就能求出其機(jī)械效率。反之，漢語(yǔ)句子也可譯成兼有狀語(yǔ)職能的英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句，例如：如果贊成，就請(qǐng)舉手。譯文：Those who are in favor please hold up your hands.他想寫一篇文章，以便能引起公眾對(duì)這件事的注意。譯文：He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the mat

32、ter.如果以為理性認(rèn)識(shí)可以不從感性認(rèn)識(shí)得來(lái)，他就是一個(gè)唯心論者。譯文：Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.三 狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句包括表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、目的等各種從句。以下是各類英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法。1. 表時(shí)間的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法。1) 譯成相應(yīng)的表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。While she spoke, the tears were running down.譯文：她說(shuō)話時(shí)，淚水直流。Please tur

33、n off the light when you leave the room.譯文：離開房間時(shí)請(qǐng)關(guān)燈。2) 譯成“剛（一）就”的句式。Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain.譯文：我們一到就下雨了。He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it.譯文：他一把信交給我就叫我念給他聽。3) 譯成并列分句。He shouted as he ran.譯文：他一邊跑，一邊喊。They set him free when his ransom had not yet been

34、 paid.譯文：他還沒(méi)有交贖金，他們就把他釋放了。反之，漢語(yǔ)句子也可譯成表時(shí)間的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：她一走近，講話聲就停下來(lái)了。譯文：The voices stopped as she drew near.她一邊唱著歌，一邊為麥特準(zhǔn)備晚飯。譯文：She sang as she prepared Matts supper.2. 表原因的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法1) 譯成表“因”的分句。The crops failed because the season was dry.譯文：因?yàn)闅夂蚋珊?，作物歉收。The strike leaders were alarmed when I told them

35、 what had happened as the reporter was unfriendly.譯文：當(dāng)我把發(fā)生的事情講給罷淡綠細(xì)直紋短工領(lǐng)。之前兩天它導(dǎo)人聽時(shí)，他們嚇了一跳，因?yàn)檫@記者是不友好的。2) 譯成因果偏正復(fù)句中的主句。Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.譯文：他深信這件事正確可靠，因此堅(jiān)持己見(jiàn)。Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.譯文：純鐵很軟，所以不用于工業(yè)。3) 譯成不用關(guān)聯(lián)詞

36、而因果關(guān)系內(nèi)含的并列分句?！癥ou took me because I was useful. There is no question of gratitude between us,” said Rebecca.譯文：“我有用，你才收留我。咱們之間談不到感恩不感恩，”麗貝卡說(shuō)。After all, it did not matter much, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free.譯文：反正關(guān)系不大，二十四小時(shí)以后他們就要自由了。反之，漢語(yǔ)句子也可譯成表原因的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：因?yàn)楹芏嗳藳](méi)有來(lái)，會(huì)議只好延期。譯文：We had

37、to put the meeting off since so many people were absent.我非常疲倦，要去睡了。譯文：I am going to bed as Im very tired.3. 表?xiàng)l件的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法1) 譯成表“條件”或“假設(shè)”的分句。It was better in case they were captured.譯文：要是能把他們捉到，那就更好了。If something has the ability to adjust itself to the environment, we say it has intelligence.譯文：如果某

38、物具有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力，我們就說(shuō)它具有智力。Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw?譯文：假設(shè)這是實(shí)際情況，你又能得出什么結(jié)論呢？2) 譯成補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明情況的分句。You can drive tonight if you like.譯文：你今晚可以開車，如果你愿意的話。Any body above the earth will fall unless it is supported by an upward force equal to its weight.譯文：地球上的任何物體都會(huì)落下來(lái)，除非它受到一個(gè)大小與其重量相等的力的

39、支持。反之，漢語(yǔ)句子也可譯成表?xiàng)l件的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：萬(wàn)一我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐乙幌?。譯文：In case I forget, please remind me (about it).如果你們能保持整潔的話，我們可以讓你們用這個(gè)房間。譯文：Well let you use the room on condition that you will keep it clean and tidy.4. 表讓步的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法I still think that you made a mistake while I admit what you say.譯文：就算你說(shuō)得對(duì)，我仍認(rèn)為你做錯(cuò)了。Whil

40、e this is true of some, it is not true of all.譯文：雖然有一部分是真的，但不見(jiàn)得全部都如此。He got the same result whichever way he did the experiment.譯文：不管用什么方法做實(shí)驗(yàn)，他所得到的結(jié)果都相同。They were determined to carry out their plan no matter what obstacles they would have to face.譯文：他們決心堅(jiān)決執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，不論他們將面臨什么樣的障礙。反之，漢語(yǔ)句子也可譯成表讓步的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：

41、不管怎么樣，我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)屈服。譯文：I will never give in, no matter what happens.顯然他們這樣做是對(duì)的，不管誰(shuí)怎么說(shuō)，她也要為他們辯護(hù)。譯文：They were obviously doing the right thing, and she would defend them, whatever anyone said.5. 表目的的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.譯文：為了不驚

42、醒她，他輕輕推開房門，悄悄地溜了出去。We should start early so that we might get there before noon.譯文：為了正午前趕到那里，我們很早就動(dòng)身了。The murderer ran away as fast as he could, so that he might not be caught red-handed.譯文：兇手盡快地跑開，以免被人當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住。A rocket must attain a speed of about five miles per second so that it may put a satellite in

43、 orbit.譯文：火箭必須獲得每秒大約5英里的速度，以便把衛(wèi)星送入軌道。反之，漢語(yǔ)句子也可譯成表目的的英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：他把門砰的一聲關(guān)上，好讓他母親知道他回來(lái)了。譯文：He slammed the door so that his mother would know he was home.我們讀歷史不單純是為了娛樂(lè)，而是為了可以從中發(fā)現(xiàn)政治發(fā)展和政治演變的規(guī)律。譯文：We do not read history simply for pleasure, but in order that we may discover the laws of political growth and

44、change.練習(xí)：一 英譯漢：1. Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand.2. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.3. We may define chemistry as the science in which

45、 we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.4. Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty,when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge,to receive with wonder anything you can catch！5. Anyone who thinks that r

46、ational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.6. In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories.7. It was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting alum

47、inum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process.8. The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.9. Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.10. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing mu