2018成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)串講資料全

1、 .wd.2018年成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)串講第一節(jié) 概 念 一、開(kāi)音節(jié)以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾、以“元音字母+不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾、以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)+不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的音節(jié)都叫開(kāi)音節(jié)。如：no， be， note。發(fā)音的元音字母：a， e， i， o， u二、閉音節(jié)以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)結(jié)尾的音節(jié)叫閉音節(jié)。如：map， plan， west。三、r音節(jié)以“元音字母+r構(gòu)成的音節(jié)叫r音節(jié)。如：car， doctor， teacher， dirty。詞匯與語(yǔ)法 第一節(jié) 名 詞(null)大綱要求掌握：一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式三、名詞的所有格四

2、、名詞在句子中的作用一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。可數(shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體。如table， country。或表示假設(shè)干個(gè)體組成的集合體。如 family， people， committee， police。不可數(shù)名詞表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如air， tea， furniture， water?；虮硎緞?dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work， information， advice， happiness。有些名詞在一種場(chǎng)合下是可數(shù)名詞，在另一種場(chǎng)合下是不可數(shù)名詞。如room 房間(可數(shù))，空間(不可數(shù))time 時(shí)間(不可數(shù))，次數(shù)(可數(shù))fish 魚(不可數(shù)

3、)，各種各樣的魚(可數(shù))比擬以下例句：There are nine rooms in the house. (房間，可數(shù)名詞)There isnt enough room for us three in the car . (空間，不可數(shù)名詞)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過(guò)在其前面加單位詞來(lái)表示。如： 一塊肉 a piece of meat兩條長(zhǎng)面包 two loaves of bread三件家具 three articles of furniture一大筆錢 a large sum of money二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：1.一般情況下在名詞后加-s

4、。如：girls， books。濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾，s發(fā)z2.以s， x ， ch， sh結(jié)尾的詞在名詞后加-es。如：glasses， boxes， matches， bushes。以s， x ， ch， sh結(jié)尾，es發(fā)iz3.“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-es。如：city-cities， country-countries。4.以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es。如：heroes， tomatoes， potatoes。radios， zoos， photos， pianos， kilos 例外。5.f， fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f，fe為v再加-es。如：thief-thieves， le

5、af-leaves， half-halves， life-lives， wife-wives， knife-knives。少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)那么的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man-men， woman-women， foot-feet， tooth-teeth， child-children， mouse-mice?？蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下考不規(guī)那么復(fù)數(shù)形式。個(gè)別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。如Chineses， Japanese， sheep， deer。三、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系， 起形容詞的作用。當(dāng)名詞表示有生命的東西時(shí)，所有格一般是在詞尾加 s 。如：Jeans room， my dau

6、ghter-in-laws friends， my daughters-in-laws friends， childrens books。如果名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s， 那么只需加。如：the teachers books， my parents car。時(shí)間名詞的所有格在后面加s ，復(fù)數(shù)加 。如：todays newspaper， five minutes walk。當(dāng)名詞表示無(wú)生命的東西時(shí)，所有格常由“of短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：the top of the world， the cover of the book， Chinas capital。加 s 或 的名詞所有格可以表示店鋪或某人的家。如：t

7、he grocers， the tailors， the Smiths 。名詞所有格考試常見(jiàn)局部是名詞表示沒(méi)有生命的東西時(shí)，不能直接在其后加s。時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s，或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。四、名詞在句子中的作用名詞在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以作狀語(yǔ)。名詞、代詞或其他構(gòu)造作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)保持一致。1.主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。All roads lead to Rome。(條條大路通羅馬。)His brother is an industrial engineer。The number of

8、 the students attending the party is increasing。the number of 表示數(shù)量，無(wú)論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。two-thirds 三分之二幾分之幾作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式。belong to 屬于某人Both of us are studying English?？偨Y(jié)：在名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，the number of 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式；幾分之幾，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)形式；both 謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2、主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞詞組、從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

9、All the money he received was given to his mother。Forgetting the past means betrayal。What we are talking now is useless。3.主語(yǔ)局部假設(shè)有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except等短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語(yǔ)前面的名詞一致。Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school。(as well as her two sisters 作主語(yǔ)Mary

10、的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ) Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)No one except my friends knows anything about it。4.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果當(dāng)作整體對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！?(×)=算式中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。Three times two is six。Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. (three kilometers作為整體來(lái)看)5.Either， neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。第二節(jié) 冠 詞(1-42-2) 大綱要求：1、不定冠詞的根本用法2、定冠

11、詞的根本用法3、不加冠詞的根本規(guī)那么以及冠詞的習(xí)慣用法冠詞是一種虛詞，只能附著在名詞上幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不冠詞(a或an)兩類，定冠詞表示特指，不定冠詞表示泛指。a用于讀音以輔音開(kāi)頭的詞前面，an用于讀音以元音開(kāi)頭的詞前面。如：a university， a useful book， an umbrella， a horse， an honest man。一、不定冠詞的根本用法1.表示“一的含義。Give me a pen please。We go shopping twice a week。2.泛指某個(gè)人或東西。Yesterday we visited an En

12、glish secondary school。She picked up a magazine and began to read。3.表示一類人或東西。He works as a language teacher in that university。As a writer， he is successful。Even a child can answer this question。可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)不能自己?jiǎn)为?dú)出現(xiàn)。二、定冠詞的根本用法1.表示特定的人或東西。Give me the magazine。Have you decided on

13、the prices yet?The book on the table is an English dictionary。Beijing is the capital of China。2.復(fù)述前文提到的人或東西。Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people。The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and

14、 singing。3.用于形容詞前面，代表一類人或東西。the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷的人the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美麗的事物 the old 老年人the young 年青人4.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西的名詞前面。the moon， the sun， the earthThe moon moves aroud the earth。We have friends all over the world。Dont build castles in the air。5.用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的最高級(jí)前面，副詞

15、最高級(jí)前面的the 可以省略。January is the first month of the year。The sun rises in the east。Japan lies to the east of China。Beijing lies in the north of China。Ireland lies on the Great Britain。At the Childrens Palace， some children learn to play the piano， others learn to play the violin。Last week we went to th

16、e theatre。Among the three girls she speaks English the best?！皷|、南、西、北作副詞時(shí)，前面不加冠詞。We are walking south。形容詞最高級(jí)前假設(shè)有物主代詞，就不加定冠詞。Monday is my busiest day。6.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示一家人或夫婦倆。The Lius have moved to Guangzhou。The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.7.不可數(shù)名詞前面通常不加定冠詞，但假設(shè)有限制性定語(yǔ)修飾，或表示特定局部、特定內(nèi)容時(shí)，前面需加定冠詞。Dr

17、ink some water。Is the water in the well fit for drink?What do you think of the music?He cant take the advice his mother gives him。三、不加冠詞的根本規(guī)那么1.季節(jié)、月份、日期前一般不加冠詞。If winter comes can spring be far behind?We have few classes on Sunday。10.1 is National Day。2.表示球類、棋類、三頓飯的名詞前通常不加冠詞，但樂(lè)器前需加定冠詞。What did you h

18、ave for lunch?Dinner is ready。Lets go and watch them play chess。My elder brother likes to play football。The boys are learnig to play the guitar。play the pianoplay the violin3.有些固定詞組中的名詞前不加冠詞。at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morningin the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in townin f

19、ront of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance)as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold冠詞考試重點(diǎn)冠詞所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。1、什么時(shí)候加定冠詞。2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，必須用a或an或定冠詞修飾，不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)。3、什么情況下，不用加冠詞。冠詞易考：1、冠詞修飾名詞。Please go _ upstairs after you have finished the lunch。upstairs是副詞，前面不需要加冠詞。2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)泛指，前面加不定冠詞。an用于

20、讀音以元音開(kāi)頭的單詞前。Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English。I have been waiting for him for half an hour。3、名詞特指時(shí)，前面加定冠詞。He is enjoying his stay in Denmark， but has some difficulty with the language。Is the water from the tap fit for drink?4、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞泛指，前面不加冠詞；大局部專有名詞前也不加冠詞。As

21、we know， the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends。They left for work after supper。The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II 。(the Sencond World War)5、冠詞在固定詞組中的特定用法。Without any news from Tom for a long time， his father left for Shanghai to see him。They

22、 will travel by air。I will help you for the sake of your sister。(for the sake of 因?yàn)?I will go to school on foot。My mother is in hospital。He has been in prison for two years。典型例題1. _ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _ World War II。A. The; the B. A; the C. The; / D. A; /World War II

23、是專有名詞答案：C2. Can you play _?A. piano B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano答案：D3. “Youve been very busy lately?！癝o busy I havent had time to clean my house. There is _ wherever you look。A. dust B. a dust C. the dust D. dustsdust 是不可數(shù)名詞答案：A4. The station? Take the second turning _。A. to left then go straig

24、ht on B. on the left， then go straight onC. to left， then go right forward D. to the left， then go right forwardon the left 在左邊答案：B5. My mother usually has _ bed。A. the breakfast B. breakfast inC. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in thein bed 躺在床上答案：Bin the bed 在床里面6. He stole the money and they pu

25、t him _。A. at prison B. at the prison C. in prison D. in the prisonin prison 進(jìn)監(jiān)獄答案：C7. Even on Sundays， fewer people go to _ church than before。A. the B. a C. / D. thatgo to church 去教堂 go to school 去學(xué)校 go to bed 上床睡覺(jué) go to college 去大學(xué)答案：C8. _ look much alike。A. Smiths sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two

26、 Smith sisters D. The Smith sisters表示一家人，前面加 the答案 D代 詞(2-23-3) 包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。一、人稱代詞人稱代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有以下人稱代詞：在并列的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中，I或me 通常放在后面。如：Liping and I are in charge of the work。My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow。二、物主代詞物主代詞有

27、形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)(接在of 后面)。英語(yǔ)中有以下物主代詞：名詞型的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。如：My bag is yellow， his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown。三、反身代詞英語(yǔ)中有以下反身代詞：反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。如：Please help yourself to some tea。(賓語(yǔ))The boy is too young to look after himself。(

28、賓語(yǔ))Ill be myself again in no time。(表語(yǔ))The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位語(yǔ))I fixed the door myself. (同位語(yǔ))四、指示代詞指示代詞包括this， that， these， those 和such，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等(such不作賓語(yǔ))。that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以防止重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。用the one 的時(shí)候更多一些。如：These machines are better than

29、 those we turned out last year. 生產(chǎn)The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 產(chǎn)量The best wine is that from France。My room is lighter than the one next door。Ill take the seat next to the one by the window。The film is more funny than that one。that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。如：They

30、have no time to read the books. Thats their trouble。She was ill yesterday. Thats why she was absent。I want to know this： How much money we have left?What I want to say is this： Pronunciation is very important in learning English。this 和that 有時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示程度。如：I dont want that much。He is not that wise。The

31、book is about this thick。五。疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞包括what， which， who， whom， whose， 可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 What， which， who在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。如：Who is speaking? (主語(yǔ))Which do you prefer， the yellow one or the white one? (賓語(yǔ))Whats your sister?(表語(yǔ))The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer。(引導(dǎo)定從句)Th

32、e old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引導(dǎo)定從句)This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon. (引導(dǎo)定從句)I dont remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)疑問(wèn)代詞what， which， who， whom后面可以加ever來(lái)加重語(yǔ)氣。如：Whoever can be calling at this time of the night

33、?誰(shuí)這么深更半夜來(lái)找人？Ill say whatever comes into my head。Take whichever book you like。六。不定代詞不定代詞包括both， either， neither， all， none， no， one， each， every， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， some， any， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。(一)both， either， neitherboth 表示“兩者(都)，either表示“(兩者之中)任何一

34、個(gè)，neither表示“(兩者之中)沒(méi)有一個(gè)。三個(gè)詞在句子中都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，both還可以作同位語(yǔ)。My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play。(be good at 擅長(zhǎng)做某事)Neither of the answers is right。Either of the books belongs to you。You and I are both to blame。You both agreed to stay。Both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞

35、前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。(二)all， none， no， oneall和none用于三者以上的場(chǎng)合，分別表示“全部都和“一個(gè)都沒(méi)有，none往往與of連用。All of us are fond of sports。(be fond of 愛(ài)好)We are all for him。(be for sb 支持某人)Grasp all， lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。(諺)None of them know how to read and write。A friend to all is a friend to none. 濫交者無(wú)友。(諺)None of us are perfe

36、ct。None of them has had that kind of experience。no表示“沒(méi)有，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于not a 或not any，not否認(rèn)動(dòng)詞，no否認(rèn)名詞。Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不等人。(諺)No man is born wise. 沒(méi)有人是生來(lái)聰明的。(諺)Im no dancer. (Im not a dancer。)one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠詞，可以有自己的定語(yǔ)，還可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Your answer is a good one。I dont like coloured envelo

37、pes. I like white ones。 I havent got a raincoat. Ill have to buy one。(三)each， everyeach 和every表示“每一個(gè)，every 在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，each 可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher。(shake hands with 握手)The students try to set aside a little money each month。(set aside 節(jié)約)From each according

38、 to his ability， to each according to his needs(work)。各盡所能，按需分配。I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well。There is every possibility of our winning the game。every 還常用在every little while (每隔一會(huì))，every other day， every three days(每隔兩天)，every ten miles(每隔十英里)， every now and then (不

39、時(shí))，every four years， every other line， one out of every three students。(四)few， a few， little， a little， many， muchfew， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表示否認(rèn)，a few， a little表示肯定，much常用于否認(rèn)句中。Many hands make light work. 人多好辦事。(諺)Few words are best. 話少最好。(諺)They dont tak

40、e much interest in it。I know little about it。Theres a little water left in the jar。Few of them have been to India。Ive read a few books written by Dickens。(五)other， the other， others， the others， anotherForty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan， the others from America。Many people

41、 came to attend the meeting. Some were from Japan， others were from America。The United States， unlike many other countries， receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world。The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other。(sothat 如此以至于 tell s

42、b. from 區(qū)分)Some students are watering the flowers， others are weeding the fields。The task will be finished in another three days。Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others?Please give me another example to illustrate your point。There are three apples on the table. One is for my mother，

43、 another is for my father and the third is for me。七、it的用法1.指代一個(gè)人或事物。Its only a fifteen-minute ride to my school。It often rains in the south of China?！癢hos that? “Its Liming。Its early spring。2.作句子的形式主語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise。It cost me five yuan to buy the

44、 pen。The color TV set costs me more than 2，000 yuan。I spent ten hours in finishing the work。I spent twenty yuan on the shirt。It is no use crying now. Youd better study hard now。(it is no use doing sth. )To his surprise， it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination。(to ones surprise 使某人感到驚奇

45、)Its a pity that you didnt watch the match。It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day。3.作句子的形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。They all regard it their duty to help the poor people。I dont think it worthwhile taking so much trouble。(Its worthwhile doing. 做事是值得的)We find it difficult to learn English withou

46、t practicing。I think it no use telling them。I dont think it very important that we should take part in the discussion。(take part in 參加)He feels it his duty to help others。4.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的局部是主語(yǔ)，并且主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，句型中的that 也可以換作who。強(qiáng)調(diào)句根本構(gòu)成 it is thatIt is in the room that we met each other for the first time。It was

47、 not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games。(not until 直到才)It was they who attended the meeting last week。It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it?？荚囍攸c(diǎn)that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以防止重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。不

48、定代詞中，both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。every只能跟名詞，each可以跟名詞也可以不跟名詞。every在代詞局部要出現(xiàn)當(dāng)每隔講。few， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表示否認(rèn)。one the other，some others，the othersit用法重點(diǎn)就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。it作為形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不接is。代詞局部的難點(diǎn)之一是名詞型物主代詞與形容詞型物主代詞的區(qū)別。顧名思義，形容詞型物主代詞起的是形容詞的作用，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞起的是名詞的作用，代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞

49、，在句子中一般作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。Lets clean their room first and _ later。A. our B. us C. we D. ours(答案為D，ours 相當(dāng)于our room。)代詞局部的主要考核點(diǎn)是不定代詞。如some， any， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， one， none， all， both， either， neither， each， every， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every 與body， one， thing 構(gòu)成的合成代詞。 (1)泛

50、指與特指。如：another， other， others 是泛指，the other， the others是特指。(2)肯定與否認(rèn)。如：a few， a little， either， some 及其合成代詞表示肯定，few， little， none， neither， any 及其合成代詞表示否認(rèn)。(3)可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。如：few， a few， many， one 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。代詞局部的另一個(gè)考核點(diǎn)是it。it 可以代替上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)事物。The picture was changed while drawn f

51、rom memory as it passed through the class. (it 指代the picture。)it takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop。He made it plain that he was annoyed with me。it 還可以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，即“It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的局部+ that 。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的局部是人，并且是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可以換成who。強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉it is / was 與that即成為普

52、通的句子。It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant。It was she who / that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight。典型例題1. “How often do you take the medicine ?“_ four hours。A. For B. Any C. Every D. Each答案 C2. “Is this bike yours?“No， its _。A. Bob B. Bobs C. Bobs D. Bobs答

53、案 C3. “Is there _ good on TV this evening?“Sorry， nothing good. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything肯定句中用something，否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中用anything。答案 C4. You have a good suggestion， but its not as practical as _。A. he B. him C. his D. her答案 C5. A chemist prepares his experiments carefully before trying to carry _ in his lab。A. it out B. out it C. them out D. out themcarry out 實(shí)施 賓格放在詞組中間，名詞放在詞組后面。如，carry out his experiments答案 C6. Nowadays _ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls. That is why many companies have developed special foods to h