《計算機英語(第4版)》課后練習(xí)參考答案.docx

1、Unit Two/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. input; output; storage2. Basic Input/Output System3. flatbed; hand-held4. LCD-based5. dot-matrix; inkjet6. disk; memory7. volatile8. serial; parallelII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chines

2、e and vice versa:1. function key功能鍵，操作鍵，函數(shù)鍵2. voice recognition module 語音識別模塊3. touch-sensitive region 觸敏區(qū)4. address bus 地址總線5. flatbed scanner 平板掃描儀6. dot-matrix printer點陣打印機(針式打印機)7. parallel connection 并行連接8. cathode ray tube 陰極射線管9. video game 電子游戲10. audio signal 音頻信號11. 操作系統(tǒng) operating system12

3、. 液晶顯示(器) LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 噴墨打印機 inkjet printer14. 數(shù)據(jù)總線data bus15. 串行連接 serial connection16. 易失性存儲器volatile memory17. 激光打印機laser printer18. 磁盤驅(qū)動器disk drive19. 基本輸入 / 輸出系統(tǒng) BIOS (Basic Inpul/Output System)changes if necessary:An access control mechanism mediates between a user （or a pro

4、cess executing on behalf of a user） and system resources、such as applications, operating systems, firewalls, routers, files, and databases. The system must first authenticate （驗證）a user seeking access. Typically the authemiccition function determines whether the user is permitted to access the syste

5、m at all. Then the access control function determines if the specific requested access by this user is permitted. A security administrator maintains an authorization （授權(quán)）d-sbase that specifies what type of access to which resources is allowed for this user. The access control function consults this

6、database to detemine whether to grant access. An auditing function monitors and keeps a record of user accesses to system resources.In practice, a number of comcmetus may cooperatively share the access control function. All mii,戲 systems have at least a rudimentary （基本的），and in many cases a quite ro

7、bust. access control component. Add-on security packages can add to the witi* access control capabilities of the OS. Particular applications or utilities, such as a database management system, also incorporate access control functions. External devices, such as firewalls, can also provide access con

8、trol services.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:入侵者攻擊從溫和的到嚴重的形形色色。在這一系列攻擊的溫和端，有許多人只是 希望探查互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，看看那里有什么。在嚴重端的是試圖閱讀特許數(shù)據(jù)、對數(shù)據(jù)進行未經(jīng) 授權(quán)的修改或擾亂系統(tǒng)的個人。入侵者的目標是獲得進入一個系統(tǒng)的機會，或者增加在一個系統(tǒng)中可以使用的特權(quán) 范圍。初始攻擊大多利用系統(tǒng)或軟件的脆弱之處，這些脆弱之處允許用戶執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的代 碼，打開進入系統(tǒng)的后門。入侵者可對具有某些運行特權(quán)的程序?qū)嵤┫窬彺嬉绯鲞@樣的 攻擊，利用此類攻擊獲得進入一個系統(tǒng)的機

9、會。另外，入侵者也試圖獲取應(yīng)予保護的信息。在有些情況下，這種信息是以用戶口令 的形式存在的。知道了某個其他用戶的口令之后，入侵者就可以登錄系統(tǒng)并行使賦予合 法用戶的所有特權(quán)。Unit Ten/Section BFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. virus dictionary2. whitelisting; administrator3. suspicious behavior4. memory-residentII. Translate the following terms or phrases fro

10、m English into Chinese and vice versa:1.phishing attack網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚攻擊2.graphics card 顯（示）卡3.heuristic analysis 試探性分析4.infected file被感染文件5.virus dictionary 病毒字典6.數(shù)據(jù)捕獲data capture7.惡意軟件 malicious software8.病毒特征代碼virus signature9.防病毒軟件 antivirus software10.內(nèi)存駐留程序 memory-resident programUnit Ten/Section CI. Fil

11、l in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.infection; pay load2.trapdoor3.botnet4.administrator; rootII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.maintenance hook維護陷阱2.multipartite virus多成分病毒3.authentication procedure驗證過程，認證過程4.instant messagi

12、ng即時通信，即時消息5.系統(tǒng)登錄程序system login program6.邏輯炸彈logic bomb7. 多威脅惡意軟件 multiple-threat malware8. 源代碼 source code20. 視頻顯示器video displayIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike fh&q

13、uot;、： and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent Is and Os, omicul discs use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disc, Is and Os are represented by flat areas and bumpy （高低不平的）areas （called "pits"） on its bottom siujhce. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam o

14、f light on these areas. The amount of reflecled light determines whether the area rernesenls a 1 or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a "read-only" disc. Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the dat

15、a imprinted （壓Epl） by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disc can slore 650 megabytes （兆字節(jié)）of data. That is ea nival ent to 451 floppy disks. With that much infdmimicm on a single disc, the time lo reirieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their

16、 access rate.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:調(diào)制解調(diào)器是在模擬與數(shù)字信號之間進行轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)備。計算機使用的是數(shù)字信號，這種信號由離散單元組成，通常用一系列1和0表示。 模擬信號是連續(xù)變化的；聲波就是模擬信號的一個例子。調(diào)制解調(diào)器經(jīng)常用于實現(xiàn)計算機之間通過電話線的互相通信。調(diào)制解調(diào)器將發(fā)送端計算機的數(shù)字信號轉(zhuǎn)換成可通過電話線傳輸?shù)哪M信號。信號到達目的地后，另外一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器重構(gòu)原來的數(shù)字信號，供接收端計算機處 理。如果兩個調(diào)制解調(diào)器可同時互相發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，那么它們采用的就是全雙工工作方式； 如果

17、一次只有一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器可以發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，那么它們采用的則是半雙工工作方式。Unit Two/Section BFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.2.3.graphical file; scheduler virtual4.sliceII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:..9.10.interrupt handler中斷處理程序virtual memor

18、y虛擬存儲（器）,虛存，虛擬內(nèi)存 context switch上下文轉(zhuǎn)換，語境轉(zhuǎn)換 main memory 主存（儲器）bit pattern 位模式外圍設(shè)備 peripheral device進程表 process table時間片time slice圖形用戶界面 graphical user interface 海量存儲器mass storageUnit Six: DatabaseUnit Six/Section AFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. flat2.data3.4.5.application

19、; administrators conceptual tables6.7.fragmented; replicatedstructured8.entity-relationship; attributesTranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. end user最終用戶，終端用戶2. atomic operation 原子操作3. database administrator 數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員4. relational database model 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫模型5.

20、local data本地數(shù)據(jù)6. object-oriented database 面向?qū)ο髷?shù)據(jù)庫7. database management system (DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)8. entity-relationship model (ERM) 實體關(guān)系模型9. distributed database 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫10. flat file平面文件11. 二維表 two-dimensional table12. 數(shù)據(jù)屬性 data attribute13. 數(shù)據(jù)庫對象 database object14. 存儲設(shè)備 storage device15. 數(shù)據(jù)類型data type16.

21、 數(shù)據(jù)插入與刪除 data insertion and deletion17. 層次數(shù)據(jù)庫模型 hierarchical database model18. 數(shù)據(jù)庫體系結(jié)構(gòu) database architecture19. 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng) relational database management system (RDBMS)20. 全局控制總線 global control busFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessar

22、y:A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and designed for easy acciss by authorized users. The data may be in the form of text, numbers, or encoded graphics. Small databases were first develoned or funded by the U.S. government for agency or professional use.

23、 In the 1960s, some databases became commercially。也likible, but their use was funnelled (傳送)through a few so-called research c(mters that collected information inquiries and handled them in batches (批，批量).Online databasesthat is, databases available to anyone who could link up to them by computerfir

24、st appeared in the1970s. Since their first, exgimentul appearance in the 1950s, databases have become so imDoricml that they can be found in almost cry field of information. Government, military, and industrial dalabcises are often highly restricted, and professional databases are usually of limited

25、 interest. A wide range of commercial, governmental, and norngfit databases are available to the general public, however, and may be used by anyone who owns or has access to the equiDment that they require.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:在關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫中，表的行表示記錄（關(guān)于不同項的信息集），列表示字段

26、（一個記 錄的特定屬性）。在進行搜索時，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫將一個表中的一個字段的信息與另一個表的一個相應(yīng)字 段的信息進行匹配，以生成將來自這兩個表的所要求數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來的另一個表。例如， 如果一個表包含 EMPLOYEE-ID> LAST-NAME、FIRST-NAME 和 HIRE-DATE 字段， 另個表包含DEPT、EMPLOYEE-ID和SALARY字段，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫可匹配這兩個表中 的EMPLOYEE-ID字段，以找到特定的信息，如所有掙到一定薪水的雇員的姓名或所有 在某個日期之后受雇的雇員所屬的部門。換言之，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫使用兩個表中的匹配值，將一個表中的信息與另一個表中的信 息聯(lián)系起來。微

27、型計算機數(shù)據(jù)庫產(chǎn)品一般是關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫。Unit Six/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. commit2. scheduler3. shared; exclusive4. wound-waitII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. nonvolatile storage system 非易失性存儲系統(tǒng)2. equipment malfunction

28、設(shè)備故障3. wound-wait protocol 受傷一等待協(xié)議4. exclusive lock排它鎖，互斥（型）鎖5. database integrity 數(shù)據(jù)庫完整性6. 共享鎖 shared lock7. 數(shù)據(jù)庫實現(xiàn) database implementation8. 級聯(lián)回滾 cascading rollback9. 數(shù)據(jù)項 data item1(). 分時操作系統(tǒng) time-sharing operating systemUnit Seven: Computer NetworksUnit Seven/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with th

29、e information given in the text:1.MAN2.open; closed3.bus4.token5.Ethernet6.client/server7.equals; workII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. file server文件服務(wù)器2. carrier sense載波檢測，載波監(jiān)聽3. protocol suite協(xié)議組，協(xié)議集4. peer-to-peer model 對等模型5. b

30、us topology network 總線拓撲網(wǎng)絡(luò)6. inter-machine cooperation機器間合作，計算機間合作7. Ethernet protocol collection 以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議集8. proprietary network 專有網(wǎng)絡(luò)9. utility package實用軟件包，公用程序包10. star network 星形網(wǎng)絡(luò)11. 局域網(wǎng) local area network (LAN)12. 令牌環(huán) token ring13. 無線網(wǎng)絡(luò) wireless network14. 封閉式網(wǎng)絡(luò) closed network15. 環(huán)形拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)ring topol

31、ogy16. 客戶機/服務(wù)器模型client/server model17. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序 network application18. 進程間通信 interprocess communication19. 打印服務(wù)器print server20. 廣域網(wǎng) wide area network (WAN)III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Computers can communicate with other

32、 computers through a series of connections and associated hardware called a network. The udvemme of a network is that data can be exchcmRed rapidly, and software and hardware resources, such as hard-disk s-cice or printers, can be shared. Networks also allow use of a computer by a user who cannot ph

33、ysically access the computer.One type of network, a local area network (LAN), consists of several PCs or works lai io connected to a special computer called a server, often within the same building or office complex. The server stores and mcmciRes programs and data. A server often contains all of a

34、淀worked group's data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up wi由mu large storage capabilities. In this scenario (方案)，each PC may have Tocal" memory (for example, a hard drive) specific to itself, but the bu/k of storage resides on the server. This rediicis the cost of the workstati

35、on or PC because less ensise computers can be purchased, and it simplifies the mdintencmce of software because the software resides only on the se*尸 rather than on each individual workstation or PC.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:在計算機科學(xué)中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)是指由通信設(shè)備連接在一起的一組計算機及其相關(guān)設(shè)備。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)可采

36、用電纜等永久性連接，或者采用通過電話或其他通信鏈路而實現(xiàn)的臨時性連接。網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以小到由少數(shù)計算機、打印機以及其他設(shè)備構(gòu)成的局域網(wǎng)，也可以由分布在 廣大地理區(qū)域的許多小型與大型計算機組成。計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)無論大小，其存在的目的均在于為計算機用戶提供以電子方式進行信息 通信與傳送的方法。有些類型的通信是簡單的用戶到用戶消息；有些稱為分布式過程，可能涉及數(shù)臺計 算機，以及在執(zhí)行任務(wù)中分擔工作量或進行協(xié)作。Unit Seven/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. repeater2. data-link3. gateway4. routerII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: