初中英語冠詞

1、學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)員編號： 年 級：初一 課 時 數(shù)： 學(xué)員姓名： 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師： 授課類型 語法-冠詞星 級授課日期及時段 教學(xué)內(nèi)容知識回顧冠詞定義、分類及其位置不定冠詞的用法定冠詞的用法零冠詞的用法知識梳理一、冠詞的定義冠詞是用在名詞之前，幫助說明該名詞含義的一種虛詞。它不能脫離名詞而單獨存在，也不能單獨作句子成分二、冠詞分類：冠詞分為不定冠詞（a、an）和定冠詞(the)兩種形式（一）、不定冠詞a, an的用法：“a”用在以輔音開頭的詞前（指音標不指字母）“an”用在以元音開頭的詞前. e.g.: an applean hour a studenta university注意

2、: a uniform a European a useful book1表示人或事物的某一種類，強調(diào)整體，即以其中的一個代表一類.A horse is useful to mankind. 馬對人類有用. A steel worker makes steel. 煉鋼工人煉鋼.2不定冠詞用在事物的“單位”前，如時間、速度、價格等意義的名詞之前，表示“每一”.We often go to school twice a day. 我們常常每天去兩次學(xué)校The car can run 200 kilometers an hour。汽車每小時可以跑200km3不定冠詞用來指某人、某物，但不具體說明何人

3、何物.表示“某一” A boy came to see you a moment ago. 一個男孩剛才來看你4、表示數(shù)量中的“一”，意義上接近one,但數(shù)量概念比One 弱There is a table and four chairs in that dining room 在那個餐廳有一張桌子和4把椅子There is going to be an English lecture this evening今晚將有一場英語演講 5、 用于集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞前（1） 用于集體名詞前，I was put into a large class last term我上學(xué)期被分到

4、一個大班（2） 用于物質(zhì)名詞前，如coffee , food , tea , fruit , rain , snow , wind等在表示一種一場一杯等意義時，常加不定冠詞An unexpected rain fell this morning in this small town 這個小鎮(zhèn)今早突然下雨了（3）用于抽象名詞前Working with Jane is a great joy和簡一起工作是一件很快樂的事情（3） 用于專有名詞前面（專有名詞一般不加冠詞，但表示具有某種特性的人或者物、某不認識的人或者某一個不確定的時間時，專有名詞前需要加不定冠詞）A Mr . White wants

5、to see you this afternoon一位懷特先生今天下午想見你6、 用于有形容詞、短語、或者從句修飾的不可數(shù)名詞前面（注意：當名詞前面有形容詞時，用a還是an取決于該形容詞的第一個音素）不可數(shù)名詞，如education，history, knowledge，population 在表述其某一部分或者某一方面的內(nèi)容概念時，前面常加不定冠詞China is an Asian country with a long history中國是一個歷史悠久的亞洲國家7、用于序數(shù)詞前面，表示“又一、再一”Do you want a second chance?你想要再一次機會嗎8、用于同源賓語前

6、面，在同源賓語中，與動詞同源的名詞前面要加不定冠詞Last night I dreamed a terrible dream昨晚我做了一個噩夢The little girl smiled a friendly smile那個小姑娘友善地笑了笑9、用于表示動詞意義的名詞前面與動詞構(gòu)成固定短語具有動詞意義的名詞在與動詞havetakemakegive等構(gòu)成短語表示一種非延續(xù)性的動作時，該名詞前的不定冠詞一般不能缺少Have a look 看一看 have a walk 散步 have a rest 休息一下Have a try 試一試 give a smile微笑 give a shout 大喊M

7、ake a choice做出選擇 make a decision做出決定10、用于某些固定詞組中A great deal of 大量的 make a move 開始行動 for a while 一會兒 as a result 結(jié)果In a hurry 匆忙地 after a while一會讓以后 have a good time 玩的愉快 make a living謀生 注意：不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別 a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前，an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前。判斷一個單詞是以元音音素開頭，還是以輔音音素開頭，要根據(jù)其讀音，而不是字母！ 如：an hour an honest boy a un

8、iversity 口訣：不見元音不加an，不看字母看發(fā)音。（1）在26個字母中，前面用an的字母有：a , e , f , h , I , l , m , n , o , r , s , x ,其他用a（2）以u開頭的單詞要注意區(qū)別： an umbrella ; an unusual story ; a university ; a useful book（二）、定冠詞的用法：1表示說話人和聽話人雙方都知道的人或事物. Where did you put the jeans? 你把牛仔褲放哪里了？2定冠詞特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物. The sharpener

9、in the desk is mine. 桌子里的卷筆刀是我的3定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物. I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop. The book costs 15 yuan.4.用在單數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或事物 The orange is orange.5.用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級以及對特定的兩個人或事物進行比較時的比較級前面、副詞最高級前面 The first lesson is very easy. She is the most careful student in our class. He is the younger of the

10、two boys.6用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前. the sun 太陽the moon 月亮the earth 地球the rain 雨7用在形容詞或者分詞前面，表示一類人或者事物. the poor 窮人the rich富人the wounded 傷者the sick 病人8、序數(shù)詞前也可以用不定冠詞，表示“又一”. Although they failed, they tried a third time.9.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前表示一家人或夫妻倆 The Greens are watching TV now.格林一家現(xiàn)在正在看電視 10.用在江河、海洋、山

11、脈、群島、沙漠等專有名詞前，或用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前The Great Wall; the United States11、用在表示方位或西洋樂器前Jilin Province is in the north-east of China.12、用于表示“越越”的結(jié)構(gòu)中The more love we give ,the more love we will receive13、用于“動詞+人+介詞+the +人體部位”結(jié)構(gòu)中The woman hit the man in the face and the man struck her on the back 那個女人打了那個男人的臉，那

12、個男人打了她的背14、用于表示具體的地點、方位、具體的時間或者某天的一部分In every country the sun rises in the east太陽部分國別，永遠升自東方15、用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前The Yangze River is home to many fishes and animals 長江里許多魚類和動物的家園16、用在某些固定詞組中in the morning/afternoon/ evening ; in the daytime; all the time; at the same time; by the way; in the open air;

13、at the beginning of.; on the other side ; (三)：零冠詞用法（1）表示泛指的抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞.Happiness is a direction ,not a place 幸福是一個方向不是一個地點（2）某些專有名詞，如 人名、地名、國家名 等前面用零冠詞 China is a great country. Mary lives in New York.（3）不可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表泛指時前面用零冠詞 Man（不可數(shù)名詞）cant live without water. Horses are domestic animals.（4）名詞

14、前面如有指示代詞（this, that ）物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格等修飾，不用冠詞等作定語時,不用冠詞.Every student likes English in our class.I like this picture better This is my address, Lets keep in touch 這是我的地址，咱們保持聯(lián)系吧(5)用在表 日期、星期、月份、季節(jié)等詞的前面，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某個季節(jié)，則需要在月份、季節(jié)前加the June 1st is Childrens Day. Spring comes after winter. That event ha

15、ppened in the spring of 1932.(6）球類運動.三餐飯、語言、棋類和學(xué)科等名詞前不用冠詞. We learned arithmetic at primary school 我們小學(xué)在學(xué)算數(shù)Do you like playing basketball or football你喜歡打籃球還是橄欖球（7）稱呼和表示頭銜的名詞作表語、同位語、補語、或與姓氏連用時，其前不加冠詞 This is Professor Li. Whats wrong , Granny?（8）單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相對應(yīng)使用時，各名詞前面不用冠詞 ，介詞或者連詞鏈接的兩個相同、相對或者關(guān)系密切的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不

16、用冠詞All day and all night 整天整夜day and night日日夜夜 Day after day日復(fù)一日 face to face 面對面的 hand in hand 手拉手 heart and soul 全心全意地 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩 one by one 一個接著一個little by little 漸漸地husband and wife 夫婦man and woman 男人和女人step and step 一步一步Battle after battle was fought打了一仗又一仗（9）由And連接的表示由兩部分或者兩種身份組成的

17、一個整體中，第二個名詞前面不加冠詞，但如果表示兩個人或者事物時，每個名詞前都要加冠詞He raised a black cat and a white cat 他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓He raised a black and white cat他養(yǎng)了一只花貓Man 表示全人類或者男性時，其前面不加冠詞Man can save the earth , and man can destroy the earth 人類能過拯救地球也可以毀滅地球（10）“專有名詞+普通名詞”構(gòu)成的街名、路名、山名等名詞前用零冠詞 Nanjing Road 南京路 Hainan Island海南島（11）與by連用的

18、交通工具名詞前用零冠詞by car; by train; 但in a car，in a boat，on the bike，on a bus等短語中的交通工具前需用冠詞（12）假日、節(jié)日前用零冠詞 New Years Day; Womens Day（13）固定搭配和固定用法中與時間地點方式或者狀態(tài)有關(guān)的一些短語中，通常不用冠詞On foot 步行，at home 在家 on show 展覽 in surprise 驚訝地 after school 放學(xué) in trouble陷入困境 at noon 在中午 by hand 手工在一些動詞短語中Set fire to 防火 catch fire 著

19、火 put on weight 增肥 take part in 參加Take office 就職 pay attention to注意Keep in mind 牢記 come back to life 蘇醒Come to /into power 掌權(quán) catch sight of 無意中看見as /though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果是名詞放在句首，通常不用冠詞Girl as/though she is , Mary has managed to swim across the river盡管是女孩子，瑪麗仍然成功地游過了這條河系動詞turn 后如果有名詞時通常不用冠詞（turn 后的名詞前有

20、修飾詞時需要用冠詞） I hope to be a pianist ,but I turned teacher我本想成為一名鋼琴家，可最終成了教師注意：（1）有些短語中用冠詞和不用冠詞，意義不同 go to school 上學(xué)（是學(xué)生） go to the school 到學(xué)校去（不一定是學(xué)生） go to bed 上床睡覺 go to the bed 走到床前，向床邊走去（不一定是去睡覺） at table 在吃飯 at the table 在桌子旁 at school 在上學(xué) at the school 在學(xué)校里 in class 在上課 in the class 在班級里 in futu

21、re 今后 in the future 在將來 next year 明年 the next year 第二年 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海邊 in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院 （2）有些短語中用不定冠詞和定冠詞，意義不同 a number of 意為“許多”，相當于a lot of，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，和名詞一起作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；the number of意為“.的數(shù)量，.的數(shù)目”，和名詞一起作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 A number of students like playing computer games. The n

22、umber of the students is about 1500 in our school.三、冠詞的位置（1） such 在修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，不定冠詞緊跟在such 之后I have never seen such an animal我從來沒見過這樣的動物Miss green is such a warm-hearted teacher that all her pupils love her格林老師很熱心，她所有的老師都很喜歡她（2） 在被形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞在as/so/too 之后，不定冠詞置于形容詞之后，名詞之前It is as pleasant a day as I

23、have ever spent我從未有過這么高興的一天（3） 在有all bothhalfmany 修飾的名詞或者名詞短語中，冠詞位于其后All the movie theatres are good 所有的劇院都很好(4) 以what 開頭的感嘆句，不定冠詞緊跟在what 后，以how開頭的感嘆句，how 緊跟形容詞，不定冠詞置于該形容詞之后Most people know what a great scientist Edison became later大多數(shù)人都知道愛迪生后來成了一位多么偉大的科學(xué)家注意： What +a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可以和how+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可

24、數(shù)名詞互換，但是同學(xué)們要注意這兩個感嘆句型中不定冠詞的位置課堂小測 （ 10min ）一、 單項選擇( ) 1“I” the first letter in the word“include”，and there is “u”and “l(fā)”in it Aam；an；a Bam；a；an Cis；a；an Dis；an；a( ) 2If we sit by window of the train，we11 have better view A；the B；a Cthe；a Dthe；the( ) 3Is dictionary on the desk yours? No，I dont have E

25、nglish-Chinese dictionary Athe；an Ban；the Can；an Dthe；the( ) 4I think its really hard work for me to finish the job in twenty minutes Aa Ban Cthe D/( ) 5We can live a better life if we create less polluted world Athe Ban Ca D( ) 6What do you often do after class? We often take part in after-class ac

26、tivitiesI like to play basketball， but my brother likes to play guitar Aa；the Bthe；the C； D；the( ) 7Emily， 11-year-old girl，can sing pop songsShe dreams of being a pop singer Aa；number of Ba；the number of Can；a number of Dan；the number of ( ) 8 person like him wont be simply satisfied with progress

27、that has been made AThe；a BA；the CThe； DThe；the( ) 9I can not remember when exactly the Robinsons left cityI only remember it was Sunday Athe；a Ba；the Ca；a D the；the( )10一What do you think of the bridge? 一Wonderful! I have never seen before Aso a long one Bas long one Csuch a long one Da such long o

28、ne( )11Yesterday she advised me to buy my daughter iPad as a birthday Present useful suggestion she offered me! Aa；How Ban；What a Can；What Da；How a( )12一Do you want to give him third chance? 一Yes，hes only child in the poor family Athe；a Bthe；the Ca； Da；the( )13Before I talked with doctor，I had never

29、 met such humorous person like him Aa；a Bthe；a Ca；the Dthe；the( )14Have you heard of news that Li Hong won the first prize in the match? Yes，I haveWhat exciting news! Athe；an Bthe； Ca； Da；an( )15. What good news! Our school band will play at Harbin Summer Concert in August.A. a B. the C./( )16. When

30、 you travel in Xinghua , our local guide will show you around Zheng Banqiao Memorial Hall（紀念館）.A. a B.an C./ D. the 二、用適當?shù)墓谠~“a/an/the”填空（不須填的地方用“/”）1 boy is waiting for you at the gate.2 earth goes round sun.3 horse is useful animal.4Which subject is more difficult , maths or physics?5Alice is talle

31、st girl in her class.6 book on the desk is Jims.7Most of the students go to school by bus.8March 8 is _ Womens Day.    師生小結(jié)1.本節(jié)課我們學(xué)習(xí)了：冠詞分類及其用法；冠詞的位置2.你學(xué)到了什么？課后作業(yè)一、用a , an 或 the 填空1_ earth goes around _ sun .2. I see _ girl in _ zoo. The girl wears _ red coat.3. Where is _ hospita

32、l?4. Beijing is _ capital of China.5. You need to take _ umbrella with you.6. Do you like playing _ football or playing _ violin ?7. “ Lesson one ” means “_ first lesson”.8. I like running in _- morning.9. She likes eating hamburgers for _ breakfast.10. There is _ old man and some children on _ hill

33、. 11. Today is _ Mothers Day. I bought _- present for my mother. _ present is _ dress. 12. There is_ “ h ” in _ word “ hill ”.二、選擇填空1The writer is French person.A、The B、 a C、 an D、/2France is a big country, with coasts on English Channel, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.A、the, the , the B、/,/,/

34、C、a, a, a D、an, an, an3 Teachers Day is on 10 September.A、The B、 A C、An D、/4 are very kind to us.A、The Turner B、The Turners C、The Turners D、Turners5The car can run 200 kilometers hour.A、an B、a C、/ D、the6Early in morning, I visited old friend of mine.A、/; aB、the; anC、the; aD、the; the7 spring is beginning of a year.A、/; theB、the; aC、the; theD、a; a8-Where is English teacher? -Hes talking with Sams father over thereA、aB、anC、theD、/9Wang Weis father built a new house house cost him a lot of moneyA、TheB、AC、theD、An10We cant see _ sun at _ night.A、a; / B、 a; the