專業(yè)英語(yǔ)滿分答案

1、Aapproxmation近似值architects建筑architecture建筑學(xué) 建筑風(fēng)格Bbar 桿beam梁behavior/the-of性能，。的性能bland 混合Bridge Construction Engineering橋梁施工技術(shù)Bridge Structure 橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)brittle脆性的Building Construction房屋建筑學(xué)CCAD for Civil Engineering土木工程CADcanflicts沖突、對(duì)照體certain properties特性chaft軸characteristic stress特征應(yīng)力Circuits and Elect

2、ronic Technology電路電子技術(shù)Civil Engineer土木工程師Civil Engineer Introduction土木工程概論Civil Engineering土木工程column柱composite structure 復(fù)合架構(gòu)compression壓縮compressive stress/strain壓應(yīng)力，壓應(yīng)變concentratal load集中荷載Conptual Design for Stucture結(jié)構(gòu)概念設(shè)計(jì)Construction and Environment 建筑環(huán)境Construction and Organization Technology

3、建筑施工Constructions Meterials建筑材料contemplate打算、仔細(xì)考慮critical load臨界荷載curricula單極形式curriculum課程Ddcterminins serviceability ondifians正常狀態(tài)dead lead 恒載deformation變形Design of Roadway Surey道路勘察設(shè)計(jì)displacement位移displacement位移 轉(zhuǎn)移distribnted load分布荷載dividend利息、股息、利益、好處dominant顯性的ductile可塑的 延性的Eeconomy經(jīng)濟(jì)性elonsate

4、伸長(zhǎng)elorgation伸長(zhǎng)量Engineering Geology工程地質(zhì)Engingeering Measurement土木工程測(cè)量equation方程equillbrium force平衡力experimental results實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果external force外力Ffailure load破壞荷載fireprcefing materials防火材料fireresistant防火性fixed-end force固端力Hharmonies協(xié)調(diào)、和調(diào)體hydor流體的、水的Hydromechanics流體力學(xué)Iidealized理想化indeterminacy不確定 不明確indeter

5、minate不確定的internal force內(nèi)力Introduction of Civil Plan 城市規(guī)劃概論J joint displacement節(jié)點(diǎn)位移linear直線的live load活載Mmechanic技工、機(jī)械師mechanics力學(xué)、機(jī)械學(xué)Mechanics of Materials材料力學(xué)NNew Constructions Meterials新型建筑材料nonlinear非線性的Pphase方面、步驟、階段prismatic等截面的Project of （課程）的設(shè)計(jì)proportional linit比例極限Rrational合理的recessive隱性的Rei

6、nforced Concrete Structures鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)relate協(xié)調(diào)、和調(diào)體resultant 合力riscrrous嚴(yán)格的、嚴(yán)厲的Road Surface and Foundation Engineering路基路面工程Roadway Engineering道路工程Rock Mechanics巖石力學(xué)SSeismisc Analysis for Construction Structure建筑結(jié)構(gòu)抗震serviceability 有用性、適用性、正常使用settlement沉降 沉積shear剪切simplify簡(jiǎn)化simplifycation簡(jiǎn)化、簡(jiǎn)化法Soil mecha

7、nics and Foundation engineering土力學(xué)與基礎(chǔ)Special Structures特種（空間）結(jié)構(gòu)Sructual Design for High Buildings高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)stability穩(wěn)定性static靜止的 固定的Steel Structure 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)strain應(yīng)變strength強(qiáng)度strength and stiffness強(qiáng)度和剛度strength of materied材料強(qiáng)度stress壓力Structual Mechanics結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)Stucture Experiment結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)superposition equation疊加方程Tt

8、ensile stress/strain拉應(yīng)力，拉應(yīng)變tension拉伸the degree of fire resistance 防火等級(jí)the elastic range 彈性范圍the mechanics of solid defarmable badies可變形固體力學(xué)theoretical analyses理論分析Theoretical Mechanics 理論力學(xué)Thory of Elasticity彈性力學(xué)UUltimate stength theory極限強(qiáng)度理論ultimate stress極限應(yīng)力Underground Structure地下結(jié)構(gòu)unifcrm load均布

9、荷載uniferm均勻的Various types of loaing不同形式的荷載W Water Supply and Drain Engineering給排水V yield point屈服點(diǎn)yield stress屈服應(yīng)力11頁(yè)第一段 特定材料的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變關(guān)系是由拉伸試驗(yàn)來(lái)確定的。材料的事件通常做成圓桿并置于試驗(yàn)機(jī)上進(jìn)行拉伸，隨著荷載的增加測(cè)出作用在試件上的外力和試件的伸長(zhǎng)。把作用在試件上的拉力除以桿的橫截面面積可得應(yīng)力；把試件的伸長(zhǎng)方向的長(zhǎng)度可得應(yīng)變。通過(guò)這種方式可以得到材料的完整應(yīng)力應(yīng)變圖The relationship between stress and strain a part

10、icular material is determined by means of a tensile test.A specimen of the material,usually in the from of a round bar ,is placed in a testing machine and subjected to tension.The force on the bar and the eiongation of the bar are measured as the load is increased .The stress in the bar and is found

11、 by dividing the force by the cross-sectional area,and the strain is found by bividing the elongation by the length along which the elongation occurs .In this manner a complete stress-strain diagram can be obtained for the material. 16頁(yè)第二段 壓碎延性材料所要求的工作量比脆性材料更大。畢竟延性材料更適用于被設(shè)計(jì)成能承受最大動(dòng)能的影響而不失敗的結(jié)構(gòu)The amou

12、nt of work required to crush ductile materials is greater than that required for brittle materials. Therefore, ductile materials are more suitable for structures designed to absorb the maximum possible kinetic energy of impact without failure. 18頁(yè)第二段這是更難以找到故障應(yīng)力復(fù)合受力狀態(tài)，一般是由三個(gè)不同的主應(yīng)力。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，該故障狀態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)元素取決于性質(zhì)

13、的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)，即在比之間的三個(gè)主應(yīng)力。由于一些各種可能比之間的三個(gè)主應(yīng)力是無(wú)限大，存在一個(gè)相應(yīng)的無(wú)限多的可能狀態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)故障元件。因此，為每一個(gè)新的主應(yīng)力之間的比例是必要的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)新的許用應(yīng)力。應(yīng)該牢記的是，這是更難進(jìn)行測(cè)試，在復(fù)合受力狀態(tài)的比較簡(jiǎn)單的拉伸或壓縮；這些測(cè)試更費(fèi)時(shí)和昂貴，而且，作為一項(xiàng)規(guī)則，需要特殊的配件，機(jī)器可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室。It is much more difficult to find the breakdown stress in compound stressed state which is in general characterized by the three dif

14、ferent principal stresses. Experiments show that the breakdown state of an element of structure depends upon the nature of stressed state ,i.e. Upon the ratio between the three principal stresses .Since the number of various possible ration between the three principal stresses is infinitely large,th

15、ere exist a corresponding infinite number of potential states of failure of the structure element.Hence ,for each new ratio between the principal stresses it is necessary to experimentally find the permissible stresses anew. It should be borne in mind that it is much more difficult conduct tests in

16、compound stressed state as compared to simple tension or compression ;these tests are more time consuming and expensive ,and,as a rule, require special accessories to the machines available in laboratories.21頁(yè)第二段 在工程實(shí)踐中， 常會(huì)遇到對(duì)給定材料的最低消耗問(wèn)題。有時(shí)在衛(wèi)星設(shè)計(jì)中，除了成本外，整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的可行性和成功與否取決于機(jī)體的重量。材料力學(xué)在過(guò)去，人們傳統(tǒng)上把它叫做材料強(qiáng)度，其主要

17、內(nèi)容是研究構(gòu)件在各種荷載作用下的強(qiáng)度、剛度（變性特征）和穩(wěn)定的分析方法。換言之，這門課程可稱為可變形固體力學(xué)。In engineering practice，such requirement must be met with minimum expenditure of a given material. Aside from cost, at timesas in the design of satellitesthe feasibility and success of the whole mission may depend on the weight of a package. The

18、 subject of mechanics of materials, or the strength of materials, as it has been traditionally called in the past, involves analytical methods for determining the strength, stiffness（deformation characteristic）, and stability of the various load-carrying members. Alternately, the subject may be term

19、ed the mechanics of solid deformable bodies. 截面法 One of main problem of mechanics is the investigation of the internal resistance of a baby, that is, the nature of forces set up within a body to balance the effect of the externally applied forces. For this purpose, a uniform method of approach is em

20、ployed. A complete diagrammatic sketch of the number to be investigated is prepared, on which all of the external forces acting on a body are shown at their respective points of application. Such a sketch is called a free-body diagram. All forces acting on a body, including the reactive forces cause

21、d by the supports and the weight of the body itself, are considered external forces. Moreover, since a stable body at rest is in equilibrium, the force acting on it satisfy the equations of static equilibrium. Thus, if the forces acting on a body such as show Fig 3-2 (a) satisfy the equations of sta

22、tic equilibrium and are all shown acting on it, the sketch represents a free body diagram. In discussing the method of sections,it is significant to note that some bodies, although not in static equilibrium ,may be in dynamic equilibrium .These problems can be reduced to problems of static equilibri

23、um. First ,the acceleration of the part in question is computed, then it is multiplied by the mass of the body , giving a force F=ma . If the force so computed is applied to the body at its mass center in a direction opposite to the acceleration, the dynamic problem is reduced to one of statics. Thi

24、s is the so-called d Alembert principle ,with this point of view ,all bodies can be thought of ad being instantaneously in a state of static equilibrium ,hence for any body ,whether in static or dynamic equilibrium ,a free-body diagram can be prepared on which the necessary forces to maintain the body as a whole in equilibrium can be shown ,from then on th