英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句70句分析(共14頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上如何掌握長(zhǎng)難句復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句是考研閱讀理解短文的最顯著特點(diǎn)之一，是文章語(yǔ)言難度所在，也是命題者常常出題之處。因此具備較好的剖析復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句的能力，對(duì)于考研閱讀理解至關(guān)重要。復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句典型的特點(diǎn)是，多個(gè)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象或特殊句式同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的句子中，使句子修飾詞很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，從而造成考生對(duì)其準(zhǔn)確意義的理解困難。對(duì)于復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句，不管其結(jié)構(gòu)多么復(fù)雜多變、盤根錯(cuò)節(jié)，只要把握住句子結(jié)構(gòu)的主脈絡(luò)抓住句子的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵信息，再根據(jù)自己所掌握的各種語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及一些特殊句式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律，就可理清頭緒，找到思路。由于復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句很難理解，考生在平時(shí)閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)多加練習(xí)。下面分8類總結(jié)了最典型的70句

2、真題長(zhǎng)難句，希望考生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)能多揣摩，如能將其中英文全部背熟，長(zhǎng)難句肯定過(guò)關(guān)。第一節(jié) 比較結(jié)構(gòu)1.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.【參考譯文】現(xiàn)在已有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行精確到毫米以下的腦部和骨骼手術(shù)-這要比極具技巧的醫(yī)生單單用手

3、精確得多。2.I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial succe

4、ss and social status【參考譯文】或許正像凱爾西在不堪積勞重負(fù)而公開(kāi)地辭去她在她雜志社的編輯一職之后樣，我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，放棄那種“為生活忙碌”的人生信條并轉(zhuǎn)而追求比較悠閑的生活帶給你的回報(bào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會(huì)地位。3.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic declineafter the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late80sand is still linked to the politics of thrift，in

5、 Britain，at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.【參考譯文】在美國(guó)，這一返樸趨勢(shì)是以經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落的反應(yīng)為開(kāi)始的-那是在80年代末期裁員而引起大量的失業(yè)之后-現(xiàn)在依然與提倡節(jié)儉的政綱相關(guān)；而在英國(guó)，最起碼在我所熟識(shí)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)返樸歸隱者中，追求簡(jiǎn)約生活的原因就多種多樣了。4.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success

6、and its signs now than formerlySummer homes，European travel，BMWsthe locations，place names and name brands may change，but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago【參考譯文】當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其各種標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。消夏別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車-地點(diǎn)、地各以及品牌或許會(huì)有變化，但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會(huì)亞于一二十年前。5.It is entir

7、ely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope【參考譯文】審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楸仨氁恢谎鄱⒅浙y機(jī)，只眼盯著顯微鏡

8、而分散了注意力。6.If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate，then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents【參考譯文】如果試驗(yàn)是像科學(xué)雜志上的報(bào)告所示的那樣如實(shí)地根據(jù)計(jì)劃規(guī)劃和實(shí)施的話那么對(duì)管理層來(lái)說(shuō)，期待研究能夠

9、產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。7.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system，in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows【參考譯文】現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時(shí)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)里面善于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的A類好像在某個(gè)方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。第二節(jié) 非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)

10、構(gòu)8.Sad to say, this project has turned out be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes，combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want 【參考譯文】遺憾地講，這次新聞機(jī)構(gòu)可信度調(diào)查計(jì)劃結(jié)果只獲得了一些十分低層次的發(fā)現(xiàn)，比如新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn))交織在

11、一起的還有許多令人撓頭的困惑，譬如讀者到底想讀些什么。9.The examples of Virtual Vineyards，Amazoncom，and other pioneers show that a web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. 【參考譯文】像Virtual Vineyards，A這樣的先驅(qū)網(wǎng)站表明，一個(gè)將交互性、熱情服務(wù)和安全性合理結(jié)合以銷售

12、同類商品的網(wǎng)址是可以吸引網(wǎng)上客戶注意的。10.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform【參考譯文】有些人為了學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景為教室里放置電腦而辯，有些人為教育的徹底改革中更為廣泛的理由為教室早放置電腦而辯，這兩群人之間

13、有一條無(wú)形的界線。11.But，for a small group of students，professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills，all other factors being equal，can be the difference between having a job and not【參考譯文】但是，對(duì)一個(gè)小部分學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，職業(yè)教育也是條可取的路徑。因?yàn)樵谄渌蛩叵嗤那闆r下，技能的嫻熟是得到工作與否的關(guān)鍵。 12.Because current federal law alread

14、y forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life，NBAC will remain silent on embryo research【參考譯文】因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)今的聯(lián)邦法律已經(jīng)禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金克隆胚胎(人類后裔在出生前的最早階段)用于研究或者有意地威脅胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上將保持沉默。13.His colleague

15、，Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. 【參考譯文】他的同事邁克爾•比爾說(shuō)，有太多的公司已經(jīng)用一種機(jī)械的方式實(shí)行公司內(nèi)部的重新設(shè)計(jì)，在沒(méi)有充分考慮長(zhǎng)期贏利的能力下削減了成本。14.Defenders of science have also voiced

16、 their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason”，held in New York City in 1995，and “Science in the Age Of ( Mis ) information”，which assembled last June near Buffalo【參考譯文】科學(xué)衛(wèi)士們?cè)跁?huì)議上也表述了他們的關(guān)注，比如1995年在紐約市舉行的“逃離科學(xué)與理性”會(huì)議，以及去年6月在布法羅附近召開(kāi)的“(錯(cuò)誤)信息時(shí)代的科學(xué)”會(huì)議。15.After six months of arguin

17、g and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates，Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die 【參考譯文】經(jīng)過(guò)了六個(gè)月的爭(zhēng)論以及最后16個(gè)小時(shí)的激烈的議會(huì)辯論,澳大利亞北部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個(gè)允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當(dāng)局。16.There are，of cour

18、seexceptionsSmall-minded officials，rude waiters，and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the USYet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment【參考譯文】當(dāng)然，例外是存在的。在美國(guó)，心胸狹窄的官員，粗魯?shù)氖陶?，和沒(méi)有禮貌的出租車司機(jī)也并不少見(jiàn)。然而人們常常得出這樣的觀察意見(jiàn)，這使得它值得被討論一下。17.Much of the language used to describe moneta

19、ry policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” of “a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise scienceNothing could be further from the truth. 【參考譯文】有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如“輕踩剎車”以“操縱經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸”，使貨幣政策聽(tīng)起來(lái)象是一門精確的科學(xué)。沒(méi)有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離實(shí)際情況的了。18.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit d

20、own among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc like a poet among the letters of the alphabet，considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts，in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”【參考譯文】羅伯特.法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到：“一個(gè)技師會(huì)坐在杠桿，螺絲釘，楔子，輪子等等當(dāng)中就像一個(gè)使人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展現(xiàn)，在這樣的展現(xiàn)中，每種新的次序安排都傳達(dá)了一種新的思想?！?9.It s

21、erves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price，thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.【參考譯文】它(廣告)能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價(jià)格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，同時(shí)也使以具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格提供出口變得可能。20.In the American economy, the conce

22、pt of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual 【參考譯文】在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對(duì)生產(chǎn)資源的所有權(quán)，也指其他些特定的權(quán)利，如確定一個(gè)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和與另一個(gè)私人個(gè)體(經(jīng)濟(jì)單位)自由簽訂合同的權(quán)利。21

23、.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient，allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordinglyAnd they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns【參考譯文】同時(shí)這些計(jì)算機(jī)記錄下哪些時(shí)間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應(yīng)地做出人員人事安排。而且它們(計(jì)

24、算機(jī))也能為促銷活動(dòng)找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權(quán)的顧客。第三節(jié) 定語(yǔ)從句22.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.【參考譯文】在另一個(gè)層面上，很多醫(yī)療界的人承認(rèn)，關(guān)于醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺的討論部分是因?yàn)椴∪说慕^望情緒，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，

25、現(xiàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)延長(zhǎng)了死亡的身體痛苦。23.In other words，there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing new【參考譯文】 換句話說(shuō)，在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式，為新聞報(bào)道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的敘述結(jié)構(gòu)。若沒(méi)有這些，新聞內(nèi)容就會(huì)一團(tuán)混亂，讓人摸不著頭腦。24.But it is a little upse

26、tting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river-and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their failing and the weights of the officers，“Pluff! Pluff! A hundred an

27、d eighty-five kilograms”【參考譯文】但當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩(shī)行講述了一個(gè)土耳其軍官和一個(gè)保加利亞軍官在橋上動(dòng)手打架并雙雙掉進(jìn)河里，而后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩(shī)中不過(guò)只充斥著“撲通，撲通，185公斤重”這類對(duì)他們落水時(shí)的動(dòng)靜以及對(duì)軍官們體重的描寫時(shí)，我們不免感到困惑不安。25.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are a

28、lready questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs【參考譯文】戰(zhàn)后嬰兒潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主導(dǎo)的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)使得青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)變得極為有限，他們已經(jīng)在不停地質(zhì)疑日本國(guó)內(nèi)為了爬上那通往優(yōu)秀學(xué)校和體面工作的嚴(yán)酷的社會(huì)階梯而做出的巨大的個(gè)人犧牲。26.Instead，we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles，which now more

29、than ever seem in ample supply：the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools【

30、參考譯文】相反，我們有幸看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時(shí)候都更供應(yīng)充足：美國(guó)式物質(zhì)主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊；激進(jìn)書籍的出版商卻在三星級(jí)餐廳享用日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個(gè)階段的參與民主制的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校。27.New ways of organizing the workplaceall that re-engineering and downsizingare only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy，which is driven by many other f

31、actors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology，and investment in education and training. 【參考譯文】企業(yè)重組的新方法-所有那些重新設(shè)計(jì)、縮小規(guī)模的做法-只是對(duì)一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一方面的貢獻(xiàn)。這種經(jīng)濟(jì)還受許多其他因素的驅(qū)動(dòng)，比如聯(lián)合設(shè)備和機(jī)械上的投資、新技術(shù)，以及在教育和培訓(xùn)上的投資。28.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drug

32、s) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache，some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.【參考譯文】在我們生活的社會(huì)，物質(zhì)（藥物）在醫(yī)療和社交方面的使用很廣泛：服用阿司匹林以減緩頭痛，喝點(diǎn)酒以增進(jìn)友誼，早上喝點(diǎn)咖啡提神，吸煙以消除緊張情緒。29.The most thrilling explanation is unfortunately，a little defectiveSome economists ar

33、gue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the powerful link between growth and inflation【參考譯文】很不幸，這最令人震驚的解釋有一點(diǎn)缺陷。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)有力的變化已經(jīng)結(jié)束了那個(gè)以經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和通貨膨脹的歷史關(guān)聯(lián)為基礎(chǔ)的舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。30.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about

34、 objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions：they are dealt with in his mind by a visual，nonverbal process.The designer and the inventor.，are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”. 【參考譯文】正如尤金•弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個(gè)技術(shù)專家思考那些不能被簡(jiǎn)化成能被清楚的

35、語(yǔ)言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過(guò)一種視覺(jué)的、非語(yǔ)言表述的過(guò)程處理的設(shè)計(jì)者和發(fā)明者能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置?！?1.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise，market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and

36、services that they want most【參考譯文】美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟(jì)為架構(gòu)的，在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)中消費(fèi)者很大程度上通過(guò)在市場(chǎng)上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)來(lái)決定制造什么產(chǎn)品。32.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions

37、，deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities【參考譯文】在過(guò)去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對(duì)殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注表明了我們社會(huì)中的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會(huì)。第四節(jié) 狀語(yǔ)從句33.Instead，the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database；when you get E-mail，consi

38、der it a reminder to check the database again【參考譯文】事實(shí)上，運(yùn)用這些搜索工具的最佳策略是將其看成為“提醒服務(wù)”，借助它使自己保持對(duì)網(wǎng)站中職業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的最新了解：收到郵件時(shí)，將郵件看作是一個(gè)提醒，提醒自己去重新查閱網(wǎng)站。34. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate，they argue，shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so

39、, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 【參考譯文】他們爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)，如果對(duì)所有的客戶都收取一樣平均的費(fèi)用，那些可以轉(zhuǎn)向公路或者其他交通手段的發(fā)貨商就會(huì)這么做，致使剩余的客戶承擔(dān)維持鐵路經(jīng)營(yíng)的成本費(fèi)用。35.If you are part of the group which you are addressing，you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of

40、you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties【參考譯文】如果你是你講話對(duì)象中的一員，那么你就身處一種(有利)位置來(lái)了解對(duì)你們來(lái)說(shuō)都很普遍的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，而且你對(duì)餐廳中難以下咽的食物或老總臭名昭彰的領(lǐng)帶品位進(jìn)行隨意評(píng)判也是合適的。36.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving ut

41、ility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge【參考譯文】但是如果機(jī)器人要達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的下一個(gè)階段，它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作而且還要能夠自己做出至少幾個(gè)決定-這些目標(biāo)才會(huì)引發(fā)真正的挑戰(zhàn)。37.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices

42、 averaged$22 a barrel for a full year，compared with $13 in 1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5%of GDP【參考譯文】OECD在其最近的經(jīng)濟(jì)嘹望中估計(jì)，如果石油價(jià)格與1998年的每桶13美元相比在一年中平均為每22美元，這也只會(huì)給富裕的經(jīng)濟(jì)體的石油進(jìn)口賬單上增加GDP的0.25%到0.5%。38.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my profession

43、al progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although，in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family.”【參考譯文】一次側(cè)面的不光明磊落的攻擊傷害了我的自尊，阻礙了我事業(yè)的發(fā)展，使我不得不拋棄了那份引人注目的工作，盡管表面上我還要以個(gè)蒙受屈辱的政府部長(zhǎng)的姿態(tài)，通過(guò)聲稱“我只不過(guò)是想多和家人呆在一起

44、”來(lái)掩蓋我的退出。39.The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring-means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe【參考譯文】當(dāng)今人與人在很大程度上的平等-即面對(duì)自然淘汰法則人人機(jī)會(huì)均等，并且連子嗣的數(shù)目都一樣-意味著和在印度土著部落中的情況相比，印度中上層階級(jí)中已喪失了80%的自然選擇中的優(yōu)勢(shì)。4

45、0.As the dome grows，it develops seed fissures(cracks)；in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures，so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.【參考譯文】隨著這個(gè)圓頂?shù)脑鲩L(zhǎng)，它開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)初始的裂縫：在至少幾個(gè)個(gè)例中這塊大陸可能會(huì)沿著其中的一些裂縫完全裂開(kāi)，因此這個(gè)熱點(diǎn)就引發(fā)了個(gè)新的海洋的形成。41.During the discussion

46、of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting，Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of societys ills” and even cited his son，a teacher in the Bronx，New York, who uses rap to communicate with students【參考譯文】在上個(gè)月的股東大會(huì)上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中，萊文宣稱說(shuō):“音樂(lè)不是社會(huì)問(wèn)題的原因”，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個(gè)教師,并用說(shuō)唱音

47、樂(lè)與學(xué)生們進(jìn)行溝通。第五節(jié) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)42.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research，but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper【參考譯文】將過(guò)去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的出版物做一下比較，(我們)就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對(duì)科研的主導(dǎo)地位的

48、強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升，而且篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化。43. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies，whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way【參

49、考譯文】一個(gè)頗為相似的分化過(guò)程已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致專業(yè)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家走到一起組成一到兩個(gè)全國(guó)性的?？茖W(xué)術(shù)社團(tuán)，而業(yè)余地質(zhì)愛(ài)好者們傾向于要么仍留在地方社團(tuán)，要么也以另一種方式組成全國(guó)性機(jī)構(gòu)。44.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science：exceptions can be found to any ruleNevertheless，the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully i

50、ntegrated into the scientific community and，in particular, may not share its values【參考譯文】科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員和業(yè)余愛(ài)好者之間劃不出涇渭分明的界線：因?yàn)槿魏我?guī)則都有例外。然而，“業(yè)余”一詞的確意味著相關(guān)人員不能充分融入職業(yè)科學(xué)界，尤其未能分享科學(xué)圈子的價(jià)值。45.“The test of any democratic society，he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column”，“l(fā)ies not in how well it can control expression

51、 but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be”【參考譯文】“對(duì)任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的考驗(yàn)，”他在華爾街雜志的一個(gè)專欄文章中寫到，“不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見(jiàn)的表達(dá)，而在于這個(gè)社會(huì)是否能給予思考和表達(dá)的盡可能廣泛的自由，不管有時(shí)候這種結(jié)果是多么的富有爭(zhēng)議或令人不快”。46.The Corporation will survive as a pu

52、blicly funded broadcasting organization，at least for the time being，but its role，its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain【參考譯文】英國(guó)廣播公司將作為一個(gè)公共基金支持的廣播機(jī)構(gòu)存活下來(lái)，至少目前會(huì)這樣，但是它的功能、它的規(guī)模和它的節(jié)目現(xiàn)在成了英國(guó)全國(guó)上下的討論話題。 47.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by en

53、gaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders【參考譯文】這種變化通過(guò)引入許多的專業(yè)因素從而適應(yīng)了這個(gè)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的日趨低下。這種效率的降低通常出現(xiàn)在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代和第三代人(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)公司)的時(shí)候，揮霍掉那些家族公司的

54、財(cái)富。48.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives，thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares，and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.【參考譯文】這樣的“股東”對(duì)他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活,思想和需求一無(wú)所知而且他們對(duì)勞資雙方的關(guān)系也不會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。49.Towns like Bournemo

55、uth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management【參考譯文】像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)

56、是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的“舒適”階級(jí)提供居住場(chǎng)所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會(huì)，向管理層傳達(dá)自己的意旨之外，跟社區(qū)中其它居民素?zé)o往來(lái)。50.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands，but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the

57、 more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away【參考譯文】代表公司的花錢雇來(lái)的經(jīng)理與工人及其需要的關(guān)系更加直接，但是就連他對(duì)工人們的個(gè)人空間也談不上了解。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長(zhǎng)式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對(duì)他們的工人有這樣的私人關(guān)系。51.In the last three chapters，he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beatingHe describes their programs and ,

58、tactics，and，for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise【參考譯文】在最后三章中，他不遺余力地，將神創(chuàng)者好好地批駁了一頓。他把神創(chuàng)論者的活動(dòng)，伎倆以及為那些不熟悉神創(chuàng)論者所指出的欺騙，扭曲手段稱為讓人不快的詫異。52.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. 【參考譯文】通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議，專門知識(shí)可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，有爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題能夠得到解決,同時(shí)相關(guān)人員也不必離開(kāi)他們的家庭或工作跑到一