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1、英語語法 教學(xué)總結(jié)(仁愛版英語中考復(fù)習(xí)) 第一部分 時態(tài) 一、 一般現(xiàn)在時 1.概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 2.時間狀語: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week(day, year, month), on S
2、undays, 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式) 4.否定形式:主語+am/is/are +not+其他; 此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't, 如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。 5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。 6.例
3、句:It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。 He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。 Action speaks louder than words.事實勝于雄辯。 二、 一般過去時 1.概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。 2.時間狀語:ago,
4、160;yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, one day, 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+動詞或be的過去時+名詞 4.否定形式:主語+was/were +not+其他;在行為動詞前加didn'
5、t,同時還原行為動詞。 5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。 6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。 I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。 三、
6、;一般將來時 1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。 2.時間狀語:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+am/is/are +going to + do+其它
7、;主語+will/shall + do+其它 4.否定形式:主語+am/is/are not going to do ;主語+will/shall not do+其它 5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。 6.例句:They are going to have a competition with
8、;us in studies.他們將有一場比賽和我們一起研究。 It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 四、 一般過去將來時 1.概念:立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。 2.時間狀語:The next day (morning, year),the following month(week)
9、 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+was/were +going to + do+其它;主語+would/should + do+其它 4.否定形式:主語+was/were+not + going to + do; 主語+would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;would/should
10、60;提到句首。 6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。 I asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那里。 五、 現(xiàn)在進行時 1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。 2.時間狀語:Now, at thi
11、s time, days, look. listen 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be +doing +其它 4.否定形式:主語+be +not +doing+其它 5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首。 6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感覺如何? He
12、;is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。 六、 過去進行時 1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。 2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+was/were +doing +其它 &
13、#160; 4.否定形式:主語+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫) 6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時間她在人民解放軍部隊工作。 When he came in, I
14、0;was reading a newspaper.他進來時,我正在讀報紙。 七、 現(xiàn)在完成時 1.概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 2.時間狀語:yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+時間點,for+時間段,recently, lately, in the
15、;past few years, etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has +p.p(過去分詞)+其它 4.否定形式:主語+have/has + not +p.p(過去分詞)+其它 5.一般疑問句:have或has。 6.例句:I've written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。 The&
16、#160;countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年,農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 八、 過去完成時 1.概念:以過去某個時間為標準,在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。 2.時間狀語:Before, by the end of last year (term, month)&
17、#160; 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had + p.p(過去分詞)+其它 4.否定形式:主語+had + not +p.p(過去分詞)+其它 5.一般疑問句:had放于句首。 6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當我們到車站的時候,火車已經(jīng)開走了。 By
18、160;the end of last month.,we had reviewed four books.到上個月底。我們有了四本書。 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它 肯定句:主語+ had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它 否定句:主語+ had+ not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它 一般疑問句:Had+主語+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
19、60; 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 例題 例 I learned that her father _ in 1950. A had died B died C dead D is dead 解析:該題正確答案為。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前,但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態(tài),而用一般過去時態(tài)。 例 The
20、160;five-year-old girl _ by her parents. A is looked B has looked for C is being looked for D has been looked 解析:該題正確答案為。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中,介詞不能省,否則就變成了不及物動詞短語,而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。第二部分 被動語態(tài) 一、被動語態(tài)的用法:
21、 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting
22、 things. 2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:
23、will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 4. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:am / is / a
24、re + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there.
25、160; Trees are being planted over there by them. 1. Lizzy, you _ on the phone. Im coming. Thanks. A. want B. are wanting C. are wa
26、nted D. have wanted 解: C。這組對話的意思是:“利齊,有人打電話找你。”“我就來,謝謝!” 該題測試動詞的被動語態(tài)。接電話者或電話里要找的人作主語時,要用被動語態(tài)。2.Whats wrong with that boy? He _ by a car yesterday. A. is hit B. hit C.was hit
27、160; D. Hits 解: C。此題易誤選為B。這是忽略語境和草率做題造成的。許多同學(xué)一看到y(tǒng)esterday就馬上想到用過去時。而忽略了by a car這個短語。正確答案為C。 3. Oh, the milk _ strangedo you think its OK to drink? A. is tasted B. is tasti
28、ng C. tastes D. tasted 解: C此題易誤選為A或B。taste是連系動詞,它沒有現(xiàn)在進行時或被動語態(tài)。正確答案為C。 4. These books should _ to the library on time. A. send B. be returned C.
29、give back D. be got back 解: B。考查含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)用法。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動詞 + be + 過去分詞”。 5. Could you tell me which _ best among the books on sale? A. is sold B. sells C. a
30、re writtenD. Writes 解: B?!罢埜嬖V我展銷的書中哪一種暢銷,好嗎?”sell作“銷售”解,是不及物動詞,不用被動語態(tài)。此題易誤選A。又如Butter sells very dear. 奶油賣得很貴。第三部分 從句 一.賓語從句: 1.主句若是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句根據(jù)實際情況用適當時態(tài)。 He says (that) he will have a walk soon. The teacher
31、0;asks who is the cleverest in the school. I want to know who came here late this morning. 2.主句若是一般過去時,從句也要用過去時。 He wondered if I would come. She told me that her so
32、n had got well. She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong. 3.無論主句是何時態(tài),從句若表客觀真理,要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth. 4賓語從句無論有何引導(dǎo)詞,都要用陳述句語序。 Could&
33、#160;you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?(不是will you) Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she) 二、狀語從句: 1主句若是一般將來時、祈使句或含不表過去的情態(tài)動詞等,則if(如果), unless(除非),when(當?shù)臅r候), as soon&
34、#160;as(一就),before, after, until, till, as(當?shù)臅r候)所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week. Wait
35、 for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. 2而主句若是一般過去時,從句也要用過去時,如: I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars. When he got to the
36、160;park, his classmates had left. My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street. 三.定語從句: 關(guān)系代詞who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必須跟有名詞,既指人,也可指物。關(guān)系詞作主語時,不可省略,作賓語時可省略。whom只指人,只作賓語。關(guān)系副詞where指“在那里”,whe
37、n指“在那時”。 She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well. That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. (所屬) The girl who is tall is my sister. / I own a&
38、#160;bike whose price is high. I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. (指物) I prefer a place which/that is clean and quiet. I prefer a place where I
39、can live a quiet life. (在這兒) I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog. (1)that指物時一般可與which互換,但在下列情況下,要用that而不用which。 a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時,如, Everything (that) he
40、 did is wrong. b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時,如, I'll read all the books (that) you lend me. c. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時, This is the first letter (that) the&
41、#160;boy has written. d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時,如 He is the very man (that) I'm looking for. e. 只用which的情況 在介詞后或在非限定性定語從句中 This is the book about which
42、160;we have talked a lot. The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting. f. where和when作關(guān)系副詞 This is the room where I worked. This is the room which I stayed
43、160;in. I remembered the day when we lived there. I remembered the day that I spent there. g. as和which as 可以放于句首,而which 不可以 As you know, he is good at English. three of&
44、#160;them 和three of which I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian. I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian. 四、狀語從句 在復(fù)合句中起狀語作用的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為
45、時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、條件狀語、行為方式狀語、比較狀語、讓步狀語等多種。 例題 例1、 _ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when 解析:該題答案為B。
46、whether可以和or連用,if不可以,此外if一般僅用于賓語從句。 例2、The way _ these comrades look at problems is wrong. A. where B. in that C.X D. with which 解析:該題答案為C,先行詞是way,定語從句中用that或 in which來引導(dǎo)或不填。 例3, _a long
47、60;time since I saw you last time. AIt was B. It is C. It had been D. It can be 解析:該題答案為B,It is +時間數(shù)+ since引導(dǎo)的從句是一個句型,意為"從時候以來過了多久了。 第四部分 名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 一名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,是在該詞
48、末尾加上后輟-s。 讀音變化:結(jié)尾是清輔音讀s,結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀z。 例:friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces 2.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀iz。 例:busbuses; quizquizzes小測驗; foxfoxes; matchmatches 3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。
49、60; 讀音變化:加讀z。 例:candycandies; fairyfairies(仙子); ladyladies; storystories 4. 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,如果不是外來詞或縮寫,就加-es,否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 讀音變化:加讀z。 例:tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes水雷,地雷 反例:silosilos地窖; pianopianos外來詞; photophotos; macroma
50、cros(縮寫詞) 5.以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves,但有例外。 讀音變化:尾音f改讀vz。 例:knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves scarfscarves 反例:roofroofs 1. These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman do
51、ctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答
52、案:C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時的變化。woman 作定語時要和被修飾的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。 2.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes
53、160;and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 答案:D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個房間時,只在后面的名詞后加s。 3. -Are there any _ on the farm
54、? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 答案:D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語動詞來判斷,主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 4. -What would you like to drink,
55、60;_ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案:C。該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝。 第五部分 直接引語和間接引語 一直接引語和間接引語 1.
56、160; 我們把引述別人的話語可歸納為兩種方式,一種時直接引述別人的話語,并置于引號之內(nèi)的稱為直接引語,另一種是用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話語,稱為間接引語,間接一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。 The girl said, “I like English very much.” 那個女孩說:“我非常喜歡英語。”(直接引語) The girl said that she liked English very much. 那
57、個女孩說她非常喜歡英語。(間接引語) 2. 一般在直接引語或間接引語當中都有一個引述動詞,如 tell, ask, say 等。這些引述動詞和它們的主語所放位置比較靈活,可以放在直接引語之前、之后或其中。主語如果是名詞時,可以倒裝?!爸髡Z+引述動詞”放在間接引語當中就相當于賓語從句的主語部分。 He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.” 他告訴我
58、:“明天我打算去長春。” “Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你來自哪里?”琳達問。 二直接引語變間接引語的變化形式 1. 人稱代詞和指示代詞的變化 指示代詞this 和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those 。人稱代詞也要根據(jù)情況做適當調(diào)整。從句中的第一人稱多變?yōu)榈谌朔Q,第二人稱根據(jù)情況改為第一人稱或第三人稱,第三人稱不變。例如: He said, “I came
59、 to help you.” 他說:“我是來幫助你的。” He said that he had come to help me. 他說他是來幫助我的。 2. 時態(tài)的變化 (1) 引述動詞如果用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時,間接引語的時態(tài)不變。 (2) 引述動詞如果用一般過去時,間接引語的時態(tài)要變成相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)
60、的一種。具體變化如下: 一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時 一般過去時過去完成時 現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時 一般將來時過去將來時 【注意】 (1)
61、; 含有情態(tài)動詞的直接引語變成間接引語是,情態(tài)動詞也要相應(yīng)地變成過去時態(tài)。 (2) 若直接引語為客觀真理或自然規(guī)律,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。 (3) 有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。 3. 時間狀語的變化 now then
62、60; last month the month before today that day
63、60; three days ago three days before tonight that night tomorrow
64、; the next day this week that week next month the next month yesterday the day before &
65、#160; the day after tomorrow in two days 4. 地點狀語的變化 here there 5. 謂語動詞的變化 come go 三. 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的情況 1.直接引語為陳述句 (1)
66、將直接引語變?yōu)橛蓆hat 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,接在謂語動詞之后(that 可以省略)。例如: He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他說:“我昨天忘記給你打電話了。” He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他說她前一天忘記給我打電話了。 (2)如果引述動詞是 say
67、0;to sb.,則通常改為 tell sb. sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她對我說:“你的自行車壞了?!?He told me that my bike was broken. 他對我說我的自行車壞了。 2. 直接引語為一般疑問句 直接引語為一般疑問句,將直接引語變?yōu)橛?#160;if /whe
68、ther 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,句中時態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。其語序為陳述語序,若直接引語的引述動詞為 say ,應(yīng)改為 ask. 例如: Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 瑪麗問我,“凱倫時美國人嗎?” Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the
69、60;United States. 瑪麗問我海倫是否時美國人。 3. 直接引語為特殊疑問句 直接引語為特殊疑問句,將直接引語變?yōu)橛商厥庖蓡柧湟龑?dǎo)的賓語從句,語序是陳述語序。例如: John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?”約翰問我,“周迅是哪兒的人?” John asked me where Zhou Xun came from.
70、 約翰問我周迅時哪兒的人。 4. 直接引語為祈使句 直接引語為祈使句,根據(jù)直接引語的語氣強弱,采用相應(yīng)的句型:ask sb to do sth,tell sb to do sth,order sb to do sth.例如: The teacher said to Tom,“Get out!” The teacher told T
71、om to get out. “Please open the door” Mary said to me. Mary asked me to close the door. “Stand up!”the officer said to the soldiers. The officer ordered the soldiers
72、;to stand up. 第六部分 形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級 (1) 規(guī)則形式 一般說來,單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er; -est 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級;其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more, most.如: great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the)most important (2) 不規(guī)則形式 good (well)-better-
73、best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least (3) 形容詞比較等級的用法 表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級+than. 如: He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one. 表示兩者以上的比較,用"the +形容
74、詞最高級(+名詞)+of(in) "如: He is the cleverest boy in his class. 表示兩者是同等程度,用"as +形容詞原級+as". 如: He is as tall as I. I have as many books as you. 越 越 例如:The more
75、;I learn, the happier I am. You can never be too careful. 越小心越好 又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么贊揚這個老師也不過分。 I have never spent a more worrying&
76、#160;day. 那一天是最令我擔心的一天。 I have never had a better dinner. 這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。 My English is no better than yours. 我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。 例題 例1 Tom's father thinks he is already _ A high enough
77、 B tall enough C enough high C enough tall 解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。 例2 _ the worse I seem to be. A When I take more medicine B The more medi
78、cine I take C Taking more of the medicine D More medicine taken 解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+ , the +形容詞比較級+"意為越,越。該句意為:吃的藥越多,我的病越是加重。 例3"I haven't been to London yet". "I hav
79、en't been there _". A too B also C either D neither 解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用于否定句中,意為"也"。 例4 Mr Smith was _ moved at the news. A表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeply
80、60;moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞, deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply 解析:該題正確答案為B。A. deep用于副詞時,修飾具體的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾不能互相修飾。 第七部分 動詞不定式 一 要點 、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。 式語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)&
81、#160; 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 進行式 to be writing 完成進行式 to have been writing 、 不定式的句法功能 () 作主語 To
82、 hear from you is nice. To be a good teacher is not easy. 不定式作主語時,為了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主語,而不定式置于謂語動詞后。如: It's nice to hear from you. It's not easy to be a good teacher. ()
83、0;作賓語 通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞后。如: I forgot to lock the door. Please remember to write to me. (
84、) 作表語 My job is to pick up letters. He seemed to have heard nothing. () 作定語 不定式作定語時,須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如: I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do. () 作賓補 通常用于
85、want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞后。如: He ordered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order. () 作狀語 He got up early
86、to catch the first bus. He worked hard to catch up with the other students. () 作獨立成分 To tell you the truth, I told a lie. () "疑問詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。 如: I don't know
87、0;how to choose them. I cannot decide where to go. (9)不定式的否定式。如: I decided not to go. (10)不定式的完成式。如: He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in. The boy is said
88、to have been sent to the hospital last week. (11)tooto 結(jié)構(gòu)。如: He was too excited to go to sleep. He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了,樂意去) (12)主動表被動。如: The book is easy
89、;to read. I have a book to read. 例題 例 I haven't got a chair _. A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting 解析:該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語,修飾名詞chair.
90、;因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是"動賓關(guān)系",所以不定式必須是及物動詞,故此處on不能省略。 例2 He was made _. A go B gone C going D to go 解析:該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。 例3 A new factory is _ very soon. A
91、 to be built B built C to build D to building 解析:該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。 第八部分 動名詞 I 要點 動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征,又具有名詞的句法功能。 、 動名詞的形式,以write為例。 式 | 語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式
92、writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式 not +動名詞 、 動名詞的用法 () 作主語 Playing football is my favorite sport. Travelling with friends at weekend is fun. 作主語
93、的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且長時,可用it作形式主語。如: It is fun travelling with friends at weekend. () 作賓語 I enjoy playing PC game. He gave up writing five years ago. () 作表語 What he hated most was doing n
94、othing. Seeing is believing. 動名詞作表語時,句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 () 作定語 There's a dining room in my school. All the people watching laughed. () 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"物主代詞(或名詞的所有格)+動名詞"。如: Tom's going home late
95、160;made her mother angry. Would you mind my opening the window? 不過,動名詞的邏輯主語在遇到以下情況時,必須用名詞的普通格(或人稱代詞的賓格)。 無生命名詞 The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing. Fire burns better by oxygen
96、0;being at work. 有生命名詞,但表泛指。 Have you ever heard of girls smoking? 兩個以上的有生命的名詞并列。 Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day? 3后面常接動名詞的動詞和短語 mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine, keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit, be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing, can't help doing, it is no good doi
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