高級英語下lesson 12

1、Lesson 12 why I writeThe Spanish Civil War(July.18 ,1936Mar.28,1939)西班牙西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是在西班牙第二內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是在西班牙第二共共和和國發(fā)生的一場內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，由共和國發(fā)生的一場內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，由共和國總統(tǒng)曼努埃爾國總統(tǒng)曼努埃爾阿扎尼亞的共阿扎尼亞的共和政府軍與人民陣線左翼聯(lián)盟和政府軍與人民陣線左翼聯(lián)盟對抗以弗朗西斯科對抗以弗朗西斯科佛朗哥佛朗哥為中為中心的西班牙心的西班牙國民軍國民軍和長槍黨等和長槍黨等右翼集團；反法西斯的人民陣右翼集團；反法西斯的人民陣線和共和政府有線和共和政府有蘇聯(lián)蘇聯(lián)和墨西哥和墨西哥的援助，而佛朗哥的國民軍則的援助，而佛朗哥的國民

2、軍則有有納粹德國納粹德國、意大利王國和葡、意大利王國和葡萄牙的支持，因為西班牙意識萄牙的支持，因為西班牙意識形態(tài)的沖突和軸心集團與共產(chǎn)形態(tài)的沖突和軸心集團與共產(chǎn)勢力的代理戰(zhàn)爭，使西班牙內(nèi)勢力的代理戰(zhàn)爭，使西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)被認為是戰(zhàn)被認為是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)發(fā)發(fā)生的前奏。生的前奏。Spanish Civil War & OrwelWhy I Write (1946) is detailing Orwells personal journey to becoming a writer. First published in the Summer 1946 edition of Gangrel,

3、 it not only offers a type of mini-biography, but also examines the motivation of writing itself through the four reasons Orwell felt people write.contents:part 1 (1-4): this part is talking about his early experience as a child and his early writing practice as a green-hand(新手).part 2 (5-9): a writ

4、ers works are closely associated with the time he lives in.part 3 (10-14): by nature, he is a writer who gives priority to the first three motives. Though most of his writings politically-oriented, he tries to fuse esthetic form and political content.contents:outrage v. 觸犯，違反。如：outrage common sense

5、N. 1.憤怒；義憤；憤慨 2.暴行；駭人聽聞的事 3.駭人聽聞的事件 When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.outrageoussomewhat in some measure or degree ; to some extent.往往后跟形容詞。如：The result was somewhat surprising. 結果有些讓人感到吃驚。He looked somewhat annoyed. 他顯得有些不高興。 facility ability to perform something easily 靈巧，便

6、利，熟練。如: He translated sth with great facility. 他翻譯時駕輕就熟。He showed facility in painting. 他在畫畫方面顯得很熟練。Cf. faculty n. 能力，技能；系，學科，學院；全體教員narcissism 自戀，（精神分析）自我陶醉癥。Narcissus （希臘神話） （愛上自己映在水中姿影的美少年，溺死后化為水仙花。） filter through pass or slip through slowly 滲出，（光等）漏出透至。如：The new ideas are filtering into the chi

7、ldrens minds.Sunlight filtered through the window.meticulous taking or showing extreme care about small details.過分仔細的。如:She is meticulous in her dress.。He is very meticulous in checking his accounts.arrestingattracting attention; striking. 迷人的。如:a person of arresting good looks An arresting sight C.

8、f. arrest captureassess evaluate 評估。如; assess the importance of /the value of 評估的重要性/價值; assess the situation審時度勢。assessment n . discipline train and control the mind 控制。如：You should learn to discipline yourself more.你應該學會更好地控制自己。 Mathematics and physics are related disciplines.vary vary fromto隨著而變化

9、。如：Prices of vegetables vary from season to season .蔬菜價格隨季節(jié)變化而變化。Opinions vary from individual to individual.仁者見仁，智者見智。 Varied variablevaried 1.各種各樣的;各不相同的;形形色色的；多變的, 變化的, 不同的 2.多彩的;雜色的 variable1.變化的, 可變的, 易變的，多變的，變化無常的 2. 可更改的；可變的 strivestrive after, for / against : to struggle hard to get or conqu

10、er 為奮斗。如：strive for freedom / excellence 追求自由/卓越。 outweigh to be more important than 比.更重要，勝過。如：My love for my parents outweighs everything else.我對父母的愛重于一切。 Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?有利因素大于不利因素嗎？ guise general outside appearance 外觀。如: an old idea in a new guise 新瓶裝舊酒。 in the guise

11、 of 打扮。如: a thief in the guise of a salesman 打扮成推銷員的小偷。Cf. disguise reconcileaccept or be resigned to something not desired.使和解，調(diào)解;使能安于，將就接受。如: He had to reconcile himself to his fate .reconcile work and rest 勞逸結合。He could not reconcile himself to such a low position .reconcile ones ideal with reali

12、ty ingrained根深蒂固的。如: ingrained morality 根深蒂固的德行真題再現(xiàn)35. Putting aside the need to earn a living, I think there are four great _ for writing, at any rate for writing prose. （200710）motives53. Her feelings _ between excitement and fear. （200710）A. fluctuated B. changed80. 先不說寫作是為了養(yǎng)家糊口，我認為寫作有四個主要動機，至少寫散

13、文是如此。 （200810）1 我介紹這些背景情況是因為我認為要判定一個作家的寫作動機,就得對其早年的經(jīng)歷有所了解.作家的題材總是由他所處的時代決定的,至少在我們這個動蕩不安的時代是如此。I give all this background information because I do not think one can assess a writers motives without knowing something of his early development. His subject matter will be determined by the age he lives i

14、n-at least this is true in tumultuous ages like our own.2 一個人越是意識到了他的政治傾向,他就有越多的機會在把作品政治化的同時不偏廢審美和心智的追求。The more one is conscious of ones political bias, the more chance one has of acting politically without sacrificing ones aesthetic and intellectual integrity.A 1. He wants to write books with a po

15、litical purpose. 2. The four great motives are: (1) sheer egoism (2) aesthetic enthusiasm (3) historical impulse (4) political purpose. 3. He is against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism. A 4. He thinks that the more one is conscious of ones political bias, the more chance one has of acti

16、ng politically without sacrificing ones aesthetic and intellectual integrity. 5. The Spanish war and other events in 1936. A6. No. He thinks that by the time you have perfected any style of writing, you have always outgrown it. 7. He thinks that we shouldnt write sheer purple passage which is meanin

17、gless. 8. Yes. B1而后形成了不討人喜歡的癖性，使我在整個學生生涯中都不受歡迎。 2作為一個小孩，我常常想象著自己是令人激動的冒險故事的主角。 3一縷金黃的陽光透過平紋薄棉布窗簾，斜射在桌子上。 4他寫作的主題是由他生活的時代所決定的。 B 5我認為有四種寫作動機，至少寫散文是這樣。 6認為藝術應當與政治無關的觀點本身就是一種政治態(tài)度。 7這更加深了我對當局本能的憎恨，第一次真正意識到了工人階級的存在。 81936年至1937年發(fā)生的西班牙戰(zhàn)爭和其他一些事件改變了這種情況，我了解了我的立場。C 1. effaced 2. slant 3. outgrown 4. perverse

18、 5. shivering 6. outweighs 7. reconciled 8. undervalued D 1. immature 2. fluctuated 3. force 4. reconciled 5. downright 6. simile 7. shivers 8. readable E 1. unsociable disposition 2. people who are imagined, not real people 3. the usual kind of writing that I was obliged to do 4. attract listeners

19、E 5. those most respected in society 6. collect them for the future use by the descendants 7. the same group, party or cause 8. knew by chance FAs a very small child, I made up my mind to become a writer in future. When I became a writer, what I have most wanted to do is to make political writing in

20、to a work of art. The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is wrong. FWriting is exposing lies, protecting truth and also an aesthetic experience. Animal Farm was the book in which I tried to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole. Writing should serve the soc

21、iety and the public.FThis is the principle I must follow. If a writer lacks political purpose, he will only write some purple passages, even some humbug. GAccording to Orwell, no book is genuinely free from political bias. The opinion that art should have nothing to with politics is itself a political attitude. If a writer lacks a political pu