被動語態(tài)及復(fù)習(xí)課堂講授ppt---小眾玩家門戶-中產(chǎn)階級的興趣交友社區(qū)資料講解

1、被動語態(tài)及復(fù)習(xí)課堂講授ppt-小眾玩家門戶-中產(chǎn)階級的興趣交友社區(qū)語態(tài)語態(tài)(voice)是個語法范疇，它是一種動詞形是個語法范疇，它是一種動詞形式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當主語是動作的執(zhí)行者間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，動詞用主動語態(tài)（時，動詞用主動語態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。昨天我們打掃了教

2、室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。昨天教室被我們打掃了。動詞的被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，原來的賓語變成了主語，原來的主語變成了介詞by 的賓語。主動句與被動句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。2)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時一樣。如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is ask

3、ed a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.3）被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時結(jié)構(gòu)： is/am/are/+過去分詞A)肯定句形式：如：It is used for cooking. I am looked after well every day. Many trees are planted every year.B)疑問句形式： Is it used for cooking? Are you looked after well every day ? Are many trees pla

4、nted every year? What is it used for? Where are you looked after well?C)否定句形式： It is not used for cooking. I am not looked after well every day. Many trees are not planted every year.4)被動語態(tài)過去時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+過去分詞. A)肯定句形式：如: It was used for cooking by people in old the days. Many trees were planted las

5、t year.B)疑問句形式: Was it used for cooking in the old days? Were many trees planted last year ? When were the trees planted ? 否定句形式：如：It was not used for cooking in the old days. These trees were not planted last year.4）含有情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞A)肯定句形式：如: English can be spoken by us.(被動語態(tài)) English mus

6、t be studied well.(被動語態(tài)) The room should be cleaned every day.(被動語態(tài))B)疑問句形式： Can English be spoken by you? Must English be studied well by us? Should the room be cleaned every day?C)否定句形式： English can not/cant be spoken by us. The books must not be taken out of the room. 一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時： am / is / are d

7、oneam / is / are done一般過去時：一般過去時： was / were donewas / were done現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done過去進行時：過去進行時： was / were being donewas / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： have / has been donehave / has been done過去完成時：過去完成時： had been donehad been done一般將來時：一般將來時： shall / will be

8、 done ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done當句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為當句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must can / must / have tobe done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認為很有才氣。他被認為很有才氣。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是這本書是1969年寫成的。年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞

9、了的自行車正在被修理。那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時他正在給貓洗澡。他告訴我們打電話時他正在給貓洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。He said the factory had been opened . 他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時后完成。工作將于三小時后完

10、成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。這孩子必須被好好照顧。在被動句中有時用在被動句中有時用by- 詞組，有時不用。一般詞組，有時不用。一般來說，當動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重來說，當動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重要或難以說出時，通常不用要或難以說出時，通常不用by。但有時為了強。但有時為了強調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要則調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要則必須使用必須使用 by 詞組。例如：詞組。例如：(一一) 主動句與被動句的轉(zhuǎn)換主動句與被動句的轉(zhuǎn)換1 1含有單賓語的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換：含有單賓語的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換：Ha

11、mlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亞寫的。是莎士比亞寫的。People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人講英語。世界各地都有人講英語。當主動句的賓語是當主動句的賓語是thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動句?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動句。1) 用先行的用先行的it作形式主語，把賓語從句變成作形式主語，把賓語從句變成后置的主語從句；后置的主語從句；2) 把賓語從句里的主語變成被動句的主語，同把賓語從句里的主語變成被動句的主語，同時把賓語從句中的謂語變

12、成不定式短語。時把賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語。English is spoken almost all over the world.People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家大家認為他是個誠實的孩子。認為他是個誠實的孩子。2.2.含有雙賓語的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換含有雙賓語的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書。昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書。 It is believed that he is an honest boy.The boy is believed to be a

13、n honest one.Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).3. 3. 含有介詞動詞的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換。含有介詞動詞的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換。They have never listened to him. 人家從不聽人家從不聽他的話。他的話。表示被動意義的主動句：表示被動意義的主動句：Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔軟。棉花摸上去很柔軟。Ripe apples pick easily. 熟了的蘋果容易摘下來。熟了的蘋果容易摘下來。

14、He has never been listened to. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice.(.(用被動語態(tài)改寫下列各句用被動語態(tài)改寫下列各句) )：1) They are serving breakfast between eight and ten oclock.Breakfast is being served between eight and ten oclock.2) People were talking about the unusually hot weather.The unusually hot

15、weather was being talked about .3) His father allows him a little money every month.A little money is allowed to him by his father every month.4) The teacher will give you some instructions. Some instructions will be given to you. You will be given some instructions.II. II. Rewrite the following sen

16、tences Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice.in the active voice. ( (用主動語態(tài)改寫下用主動語態(tài)改寫下列句子列句子) )1) Many changes can be seen by the year 2008.People can see many changes by the year 2008.2) This letter neednt to be typed.You neednt type this letter.有些情況下動詞的主動形式也可以表示被動意義。有些情況下動詞的主動形式也可以表示被

17、動意義。 一、表示一、表示“開始開始”；“結(jié)束結(jié)束”類的動詞。常見類的動詞。常見的這類動詞有的這類動詞有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如：等。例如： School begins in September. The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays. 二、主語是物，謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩远?、主語是物，謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩缘膭釉~。常見的這類動詞有的動詞。常見的這類動詞有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell,

18、run, lock等。這些動詞常等。這些動詞常與副詞或否定詞連用。例如：與副詞或否定詞連用。例如： The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly. The bookshelf hardly sells. 三、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：三、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。等。例如：例如： Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels

19、D. is feltCYour idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct. 四、動名詞主動形式表示被動意義四、動名詞主動形式表示被動意義 1. 在在need, require, want(需要需要)等動詞后，等動詞后，表示某物表示某物(人人)要進行要進行處理時，后接處理時，后接動名動名詞一般式詞一般式的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義，的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義，相當于不定式的被動式。例如：相當于不定式的被動式。例如： Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requir

20、es doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improvedC2. be worth 后接后接動名詞的主動式動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。表示被動意義。 His suggestion is not worth considering. 五、動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義五、動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義 1. 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。例如：輯上的主謂

21、關(guān)系時。例如： The next train to arrive was from New York. 2. 作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語或間接賓邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語或間接賓語與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。語與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。 Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. 3. 用在作表語或賓語補足語的形容詞后面的用在作表語或賓語補足語的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句子的主語或賓語有動賓關(guān)系不定式，如果與句子的

22、主語或賓語有動賓關(guān)系時，一般用主動形式。例如：時，一般用主動形式。例如： His speech in English was difficult to follow. Do you think him easy to get along with?( (間接賓語間接賓語meme是是to eatto eat的邏輯主語的邏輯主語) ) ( (主語主語I I是是to doto do的邏輯主語的邏輯主語) ) ( (狀語狀語to followto follow與主語有動賓關(guān)系與主語有動賓關(guān)系) )( (不定式與賓語有動賓關(guān)系不定式與賓語有動賓關(guān)系) )1) How are you today? Oh,

23、 I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt.2) Old Mc Donald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returnedDA5) The pen I _ I _ is on my desk, right under my nose. A. think,

24、 lost B. thought, had lost C. think, had lost D. thought, have lostB6) I dont think Jim saw me; he _ into space.A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just staredB9) In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. servedB10) The tr

25、ain _ arrived at 11:30, but it was an hour late.A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain toC11) People often want to know what my job is. Often I _ that question.A. ask B. am asking C. get asked D. get asking12) The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already.A. sell, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out D. are sold, have been sold outCA13) All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been