英語句子成分pptword版本

1、英語句子成分ppt主語主語 主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞或短語來充當(dāng)，也有從句充當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語都在句首。 主語（主語（subject）: 句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首 The sun rises in the east. （名詞）（名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）（代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動名詞）（動名詞） 講述“誰”We work in a big

2、 factory. 講述“什么”The classroom is very big. 數(shù)詞作主語Three are enough. 三個人就夠了不定式作主語To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job.從句作主語What we need is food. 我們最需要的是食物.在“There be ”句型中，主語的位置在中間。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.在個別句型中，主語在整個句子后面，這時前面用it作形式主語。如： It is very interesting to p

3、lay the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. To see is to believe. （不定式）（不定式） What he needs is a book. （主語從句）（主語從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.形式主語形式主語真正主語真正主語It=that the elephant is round and tall like a tree

4、The rich should help the poor.名詞化的形容詞名詞化的形容詞1.Do exercise is good for your health.2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.V.不能做主語！不能做主語！指出下列句中主語的中心詞指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 介詞不能作主語介詞不能作主語 There is an old man coming here.There is an apple on

5、the table.An apple is there on the table. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 找出下面句子的主語找出下面句子的主語 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot

6、of time.主語小測主語小測 單選：單選： 1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They謂語：說明主語是什么，做什

7、么或怎么樣。由動詞充當(dāng)，主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。謂語動詞存在多種時態(tài)，它是句子的核心。He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job.He can speak German.謂語（謂語（predicate）:是對主語加以陳述，表示是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。 I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He p

8、ractises running every morning. The plane took off at 10 oclock. How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night?簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cough. We are sudents. That idea sounds great!復(fù)合謂語：復(fù)合謂語：1.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞助動詞+v 2.系

9、動詞系動詞+adj. Open the door, please! Go and get some water for me. Dont laugh at others! Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句：祈使句： 1.省略主語省略主語you 2.謂語動詞用原形謂語動詞用原形找出下列句子的謂語找出下列句子的謂語 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did

10、the twins have porridge for their breakfast? Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. We had better send for a doctor. He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to? 11. Put away your books right now! 按要求找出下列句子的主謂：按要求找出下列句子的主謂： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主謂）（主謂） 2. He broke a piec

11、e of glass. （謂）（謂） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主謂）（主謂） 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主謂）（主謂） 5. There are many people in the hall.（主）（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主謂）（主謂）主謂小測主謂小測祈使句祈使句,省略主語省略主語you 1.It is difficult for m

12、e _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone單選：單選：Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事對某人來說是做某事對某人來說是的的 形式主語形式主語真正的主語真正的主語 to finish 3._ up early,

13、or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for your health. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Can I have one more? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good 祈使句，謂語動詞用原形祈使句，謂語動詞用原形動名詞做主語動名詞做主語感官動詞感官動詞+adj.表語：說明主語是說明或怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、介

14、詞短語、句子等充當(dāng)。它的位置在系動詞后面。 形容詞作表語形容詞作表語You look younger than before. 名詞作表語 My father is a teacher. 副詞作表語Everyone is here.介詞短語作表語They are at the theatre.不定式作表語My job is to teach them English.動名詞作表語Her job is training the nurses.從句作表語That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.賓語:表示動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式、V-

15、ing、從句充當(dāng)，和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么。它和謂語動詞一起說明主語是什么，通常放在謂語動詞后面。有時，會有雙賓語。 如：名詞作賓語He never forgives others for their mistakes.代詞做賓語He often helps me.不定式作賓語He likes to sleep in the open air.動名詞作賓語The Americans enjoyed living in China.從句做賓語I believe that they can finish the work in time. 直接賓語和間接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語及物動詞作謂語時，

16、后面要跟賓語，賓語分直接及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟賓語，賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的對象。賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的對象。但有些動詞除了直接賓語外，還需要有一個間接但有些動詞除了直接賓語外，還需要有一個間接賓語，間接賓語表語動作是對誰做的，所以只能賓語，間接賓語表語動作是對誰做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來充當(dāng)。用名詞或代詞來充當(dāng)。如：如：We brought them some food.主主 謂謂 間賓間賓 直賓直賓間接賓語可以放在直接賓語后面，但必須加間接賓語可以放在直接賓語后面，但必須加to 或或 for。 賓語的補足語賓語的補足語在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓

17、語并不能表達(dá)在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補足完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補足語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把“賓語賓語補賓語賓語補足語足語”合起來稱為復(fù)合賓語。復(fù)合賓語所表達(dá)的合起來稱為復(fù)合賓語。復(fù)合賓語所表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個巨資的意思。名詞、動詞、形容意思相當(dāng)于一個巨資的意思。名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以作賓語補足語分詞都可以作賓語補足語. 名詞作賓補If you let me go, Ill make you king.形容

18、詞作賓補Dont make your hands dirty.副詞作賓補We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介詞短語作賓補Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作賓補I saw a girl go into the building.帶to的不定式作賓補The boy ordered the dog to lie down.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補The boss kept them working all day.過去分詞作賓補Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英語中在英語中,常見的常見的“賓語賓語補足語賓語賓

19、語補足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：的結(jié)構(gòu)有：“賓語賓語+名詞名詞”。常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：。常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.“賓語賓語+形容詞形容詞”。常見的動詞有。常見的動詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：等。如：Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clea

20、n.We cant leave him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?“賓語+副詞”。副詞作賓補常表示賓語的狀態(tài)，與賓語有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。常見的副詞有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.“賓語+介詞短語”。介詞短語作賓補常表示其邏輯主語（即賓語）所處的狀態(tài)，兩者有主表的關(guān)系。如： We fo

21、und everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.“賓語+不定式”。充當(dāng)賓補的不定式有三種： A 要求帶to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不帶to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I ofte

22、n hear him read English in his room. C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.“賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，此時在該句型中的賓語即為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語，有著主謂關(guān)系。 I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.“賓語+過去分詞”。賓語和賓補之間是被動關(guān)系，過去分詞表示被動和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teach

23、er explained again and again to make himself understood. 形式賓語形容詞 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.賓語+what 從句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.賓語：賓語：動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動詞或者介詞之

24、后。動詞或者介詞之后。 I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said? He is afraid of her-his headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介詞后面的賓語：介詞后面的賓語：介賓介賓 注意：人稱代詞要用注

25、意：人稱代詞要用賓格賓格 I decided to go with _. A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 間接賓語間接賓語(sb)+直接賓語直接賓語(sth)： 雙賓雙賓I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday.形式賓語形式賓語真正賓語真正賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world s

26、peak English. You must pay good attention to your job. How many new words did you learn last class?找出下列句子的賓語找出下列句子的賓語5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge a

27、nd you will find the museum on the left.9.They think it impossible to get to the station in such a short time.定語：用來修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、從句充當(dāng)。單詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或句子作定語放在被修飾才之后。定語定語定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以充介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以充當(dāng)定語。因為它是修飾名詞或代詞

28、的，而名詞和代詞可以當(dāng)定語。因為它是修飾名詞或代詞的，而名詞和代詞可以作主語、表語或賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡是有名作主語、表語或賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。 形容詞作定語形容詞作定語 The black bike is mine. 代詞作定語代詞作定語 Whats your name?名詞作定語名詞作定語They made some paper flowers.介詞短語作定語介詞短語作定語 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短語不定式作短語 I ha

29、ve lots to eat and drink.從句作定語從句作定語 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter. 在英語中，并不是所有的定語都放在被修飾詞的前面，有的是放在被修飾詞的后面，故稱“后置定語”。 修飾不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定語必須后置。如： Well go to have something English. If you dont know the answer, ask someone els

30、e. Do you have anything important to tell me?介詞短語作定語時要后置。如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.動詞的不定式作定語時要后置What about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn

31、or in Spring.注注 動詞不定式作主語時，to 后面的動詞必須是及物動詞或相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語。如果時短語時，那么與動詞搭配的介詞或副詞是不能少的。 Do you have any piece of music to listen to? nearby, below, downstairs等個別方位詞作定語時要后置。如：We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to th

32、e hospital nearby at once.狀語：用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、條件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或句子充當(dāng)。（若在同一句子中出現(xiàn)多個不同狀語，常見的4個的順序為：方式狀語、目的狀語、地點狀語、時間狀語。）狀語狀語 狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。它表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式，從句或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。狀語一般放在句末，但有時也可以放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his

33、 help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.副詞作狀語的位置：放在句中修飾動詞，通常是be動詞之后，實義動詞之前，助動詞和實義動詞之間，如usually,often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still放在句末修飾動詞，如very much，a lot，quickly，fast，high，slowly修飾形容詞或副詞時反復(fù)在它們前面，如ve

34、ry good，so early有的副詞在句子中位置靈活，如already，only，sometime這些應(yīng)該都是要掌握的，是我們學(xué)校的英語老師總結(jié)的，在英語復(fù)習(xí)書上作為語法精講，我把一些例子刪去了，希望能夠幫到你。(一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞 (4分，4分鐘) The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do to

35、days homework without the teachers help is very difficult. (二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 (10分，10分鐘) I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. g

36、o D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you i

37、s this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book 三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘） My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D People

38、 all over the world speak English. A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D They made

39、 him monitor of the class. A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C D They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. A B C D ( (四) 挑出下列句中的表語 (5分，5分鐘) The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D She was the first to learn about it. A B C D (五) 挑出下列句中的定語 (6分，6分鐘) They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What is your given name? A B