語言學(xué)練習(xí)題九-

1、英語語言學(xué)試題(9I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the let ter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. h

2、uman languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the fo llowing phonetic features: _.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are

3、 different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n _.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule "SNP VP", the arrow can be read as _ _.A. is equal toB. consists

4、ofC. hasD. generates5. "I bought some roses" _ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know

5、that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of t he language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammatical r ules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. uttera

6、nces一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共10小題,每小題2分,共20分1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空題(本大題共10小題,每小題1分,共10分11、knowledge 12、bilabial 13、morphology 14、sentence15、complete 16、representatives 17、coinage 18、delete19、critical 20、interlanguage三、判斷改錯(cuò)題(本大題共10小題,每小題2分,共20分21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on th

7、e spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart

8、from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English,

9、 "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T 27、T 28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、

10、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名詞解釋題(本大題共10小題,每小題3分,共30分31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels.

11、 At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one lett

12、er to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of

13、 words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a

14、way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38

15、、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which li

16、nguistic communication is taking place.9、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralizati

17、on refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, w

18、hile the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、論述題(本大題共2小題,每小題10分,共20分41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1 Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change

19、 in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations2 Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes.

20、 In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3 Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure

21、was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,4 Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a rev

22、ersal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird" is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the

23、right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):滿分為10分,總論及四小點(diǎn)各占2分。42、The acquisition of a second language is dependent on a combination of factors. The rate and ultimate success in SLA are affected not only by learners' experience with optimal input and

24、instruction, but also by individual learner factors. The learner factors that have captured the attention of SLA researchers include age, motivation, acculturation, and personality:1 Age The optimum age for SLA does not always accord with the maxim of "the younger the better." But it has been demonstrated that adolescents are quicker and more effective L2 learners than young children. The early teenagers are good L2 learners because