高考冠詞復習(教師版)加習題(有答案解析)培訓講學

1、此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除冠詞知識梳理一定義：冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞前面，幫助說明名詞的含義它可以說是名詞的一種標志，不能單獨使用，無詞義。思考：名詞與冠詞“馬是一種有用的動物”，表示 “一類 ”，可以有三種說法：A. A horse is a useful animal.B. The horse is a useful animal.C. Horses are useful animals.二 .分類 ： 不定冠詞 (a/an)定冠詞 (the)；零冠詞 (即不用冠詞 )重點理解：1. 泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。2. 特指是指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物，或是指被限制

2、性修飾語在其后加以限定的人或事物，也可以指說話雙方所默認的特定的人或事物。3. 類指是指具有共同性質(zhì)或典型特征的事物的一個類別。精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除三具體用法：（一）不定冠詞a / an1. 表示數(shù)量上的 “一 ”There is a nice dog.I have two brothers and a sister.2. 用在表示時間、速度、價格等計量單位的名詞前表示“每一 ”,相當于 per 或 every。Take the medicine three times a day.The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.

3、2. 第一次提到某個人或事物時 ,通常使用不定冠詞 ,此為 “泛指 ”。Long long ago there was an old kingwho had a very beautiful daughter.3.用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示一類人或事物,即以一個個體代表整類人或事物,此為 “類指 ”。A horse is a useful animal.I want to be a singer.特殊：4. 用于某一個人名、地名前 ,使專有名詞普通化。例如 :A Mr. Wangcalled you ten minutes ago.一位王先生 10分鐘前打過你電話A Mr. Lihas been

4、 waiting for you. 一位姓李的先生一直在等你。Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重慶被稱作西部的上海。(Shanghai 是專有名詞 ,本句中 a Shanghai 指和上海一樣繁華的城市)5.用于序數(shù)詞 (后加名詞 )前 ,表示“又一個,又一次”。例如:Although he has failed twice ， he would like to trya third time.He tried a sixth timeand succeeded.他又試第六次 ,結(jié)果成功了。6. 用在某些抽象名詞前，該抽象名詞前便具體化

5、了(固定搭配 ) ， 表示 “一種 ”、 “一件 ”、 “一份 ”等a pleasure / a success/ a failureHe went to the USA in search of a better life.It is an honor for me to be invited to the party. 我被邀請參加聚會是一種榮譽。has a knowledge ofhave a preference for精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除a heavy rain7.固定搭配have a cold、 fever;once in a whileat a lo

6、ss;have a good timeat an early agehave a word with與說句話once upon a timehave/take a look (at)as a result (of)have/take a restin a hurrytake an active part inin a wordall of a sudden（二）定冠詞the指出下列句子中定冠詞的用法1. 特指某 (些 )人或某 (些 )物 .The man in blue is my brother.2. 上文提到過的人或物 .I'd like to buy a car. The ca

7、r should be powered by new energy.我想買輛車。這輛車應(yīng)該用新能源做動力。3. 指世界上獨一無二的事物 .As is known to all,the earth is round.眾所周知，地球是圓的。4.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前面.(1) winter is the coldest season .(2) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5. 用在表示方向、方位的名詞前 .the right( 右邊 )Zhe jiang lies in the southeast of China.

8、6. 用在表示某世紀、年代、時期或朝代的名詞前。in the Tang Dynasty;in the 1990在20s( 世紀 90 年代 )7. 用在表示樂器的名詞前 .He likes play the piano. 他喜歡彈鋼琴精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除8.用在江河湖海、山脈、群島前或由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前.The Great WallThe Yellow RiverThe WHOThe Pacific OceanThe West LakeThe People's Republic of China9.固定搭配in the distance;in th

9、e end;at the same time;on the other hand;on the whole特殊：10.用在某些形容詞前表示一類人.The richshould help the poor . 富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。11. 用在姓氏的復數(shù)形式前，表示某家人.例如： the Blacks( 布萊克一家 )The Smiths have a wonderful sense of humor. 史密斯一家人很幽默.12. 用在身體的部位前。 “動詞 +sb.+介詞 +the+ 身體某一部位 ”中要用 the，而不用人稱代詞，He hit me on the head . 他打了我的頭。 c

10、atch sb. by the arm(抓住胳膊 )take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂；pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀13. 用在單位名詞前 .例如： measure by the metre ( 用米來衡量 )The workers are paid by the day .工人是按天結(jié)工資的。I have hired a car by the hour.我租了一個車，是按小時收費的。（二）零冠詞the1.不可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)名詞前表泛指Horses are useful animals.Water is changed into steam b

11、y heat and into ice by cold. 水加熱變成蒸汽,遇冷則變成冰。2. 表示節(jié)日、月份、星期、學科、運動項目以及三餐飯的名稱的名詞前通常不用冠詞。例如 : Christmas (Day)is coming.We will hold a meeting on Friday. Maths is as interesting as physics.精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Let's go and play football, shall we?Let's go and watch them play chess.We went out

12、for a walk after supper.3. 球類、棋類、學科等名稱前，一般不加冠詞。play football;play chess4. 稱呼、頭銜、職務(wù)等表示抽象性質(zhì)的名詞前，不加冠詞。Doctor, I am not feeling well.Bush Jr. was elected president of the United States.5.中國樂器前不加冠詞。play erhu;play piba6.在與 by 連用交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。by car;by train四易錯點梳理（一）a,an 區(qū)別基本區(qū)別1. a 用在輔音音素開頭的單詞前 ,an 用在以元音音素開頭

13、的單詞前2. 判斷一個詞是元音還是輔音開頭是根據(jù)其讀音的而不是字母如一般情況：a boyadeskan apple,an excellent studentan interesting bookan officean umbrella,特殊：1) _ European village_university,_useful book,_ uniform_usual thing2)_ hour_ honest boy,_one-year dog（二）序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別the+序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾，a+序數(shù)詞表示“又一， 再一 ”eg:The cake is delicious, and

14、 I would like a second one.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一塊。（三）、 a number of , the number of的區(qū)別A number of意思是 “許多 ”，相當于 many；精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除The number of意思是 “ 的.數(shù)量， .的數(shù)目 ”，作主語時，謂語動詞用三單形式。eg: A number of students_ (like) playing computer games.The number of students_ (be )about 1,500 in our school.(四）、 a singe

15、r and dancer 兩個名詞共用一個冠詞，表示同一人或物；a singer and a dancer兩個名詞前各有冠詞時，則表示兩個人或物。eg:The teacher and writer_ come.那位教師兼作家已經(jīng)來了。The teacher and the writer_ come. 那位教師和那位作家已經(jīng)來了。（五） in front of表示 “在前面 ”，相當于 before,in the front of則表示 “在某物內(nèi)部的前部”。例： The driver saw a boy standing in front of the bus.司機看見一個男孩站在公共汽車的前

16、面。The drive sat in the front of the bus.司機坐在公共汽車的前部。（六）、當名詞被其它詞修飾時，不定冠詞a,an的位置應(yīng)注意。(重點）（ 1）不定冠詞與 so, as, too, how 等連用時的位置soas結(jié)構(gòu)：too+形容詞+ a(an)+名詞How例：I ve never seen so tall a tree我.從沒見過這么市制樹。= I ve never seen such a tall tree.It s too difficult a book for beginners.這本書對初學者來說太難了。He is as clever a boy

17、 as Tom. 他是像湯姆一樣聰明的孩子。How beautiful a bird it is!這是一只多漂亮的鳥?。。?2）當名詞前面有形容詞和 quite, rather, 或 very , 時，不定冠詞位于 quite, rather 之后， very 之前。結(jié)構(gòu)：quite a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞rather a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞a very + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除例：He is quite an honest man. 他是個非常誠實的人。He is rather a gentleman. 他真是一位紳士。It is a very good bo

18、ok.這是一本很好的書。（ 3）不定冠詞與 such , half , what , many , 等連用時的位置。such a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)：half a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞what a+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞many a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(謂語動詞用三單)（六）名詞前有無冠詞有很大區(qū)別的用法對比：（了解）1. 區(qū)分： go to school 和 go to the school某些個體名詞，如：school, church, hospital, bed, prison, table等，表示抽象意義或相關(guān)的活動時，不加冠詞；而如果表示具體地點，則要加定冠詞。例： The children go to

19、 school at seven every morning.孩子們每天早晨7 點鐘上學。Father went to the school to see Mr. Chen.父親去學?？赐惱蠋?。同理：go to school 去上學go to the school（因事）去學校go to church 去做禮拜go to the church去教堂里go to hospital 去看病go to the hospital去醫(yī)院in hospital住院in the hospital （因事）在醫(yī)院in class在上課in the class在班級里面at table在進餐at the ta

20、ble在桌子旁邊at desk 在讀書at the desk 在課桌旁by sea 乘船by the sea 在海邊in bed 臥床in the bed 在床上in prison坐牢in the prison（因事）在監(jiān)獄go to bed上床睡覺go to the bed 在床上2. sb. be in charge of sth. 某人負責某事物sth. be in the charge of sb. 某事物由某人掌管精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除3.take place 發(fā)生take the place 代替例： The accident took place la

21、st night.這場事故是昨天夜里發(fā)生的。John is too ill to come, so I m taking約翰his生place病了，.來不了，所以我將代替他。4.out of question毫無疑問out of the question完全不可能例：It is out of question that he will win the match.他一定會贏得這場比賽的。A holiday for me this year is out of the question.我今天休假是不可能的了。5. next week (month) 下周（下個月）（以現(xiàn)在看將來）the nex

22、t week (month)第二周（下個月）（在過去某一時間之后）例： He will return next week.他下周返回。He returned on May 10th and flew to Beijing the next week.他五月十號返回的，第二周又飛住北京去了。6. on earth 究竟，到底（用于加強語氣） on the earth 在地球上例： What on earth do you want? 你究竟要什么？There are all kinds of living things on the earth. 地球上有各種各們的生物。各地中考英語真題分類匯編

23、 冠詞1、 This is _ story-book. It was written by Yang Hongying.A. the B. a C. an【答案】 B考查冠詞用法a 用在以輔音（指輔音音素）開頭的詞前，an 用在以元音（指元音音素）的詞前。the 表示特指。本題意思是，這是一本故事書。它是有楊洪基寫的。story是以輔音音素開頭，故選B。2、 Who s that girl? You mean _ one with long blond hair? That's Jack s daughter.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填【答案】 C 考查冠詞的用法。

24、the 表示特指，指代“留著長發(fā)的那個女孩”。3、 . Victor can play _ piano. He can join the music club.A. a B. an C. the【答案】 C考查冠詞用法。a 用在以輔音（指輔音音素）開頭的詞前，an 用在以元音（指元音音素）的詞前。the 表示特指或者一些固定用法，比如用在樂器的前面，必須用定冠詞the. 根據(jù)句意：維克托會彈鋼琴，他可以加入音樂俱樂部。故選 C.精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除4、 . There is no living thing on _moon.A. the B. a C.不填【答案】

25、 A【解析】選A ?？疾楣谠~的用法。世界上獨一無二的事物前需要加定冠詞the, 如 the sun , the earth 等。此處句意為：月球上沒有生命。故選A 。5. Bill likes playing_basketball, but he doesn t like playing_piano.A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /【答案】 B6. _ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.A. / B. A C. An D. The【答案】 D7. -What _bad weather it i

26、s today!-Yes, _ weather makes me so sad.A. a; a B. /; the C. an; the D. the; a【答案】 B8. _ girl who will perform at the party tomorrow comes from _ European country.A. The ； a B. A ； the C. The； an【答案】 A9. People can t live without _ water-Yes,. I think so.A. a B. an C. the D.不填【答案】 D【 2012 湖北咸寧】 21.

27、What do you want to be in the future, John? I want to be _ fashion designer. It is _ amazing job.A. a ; the B. an; a C. a; an D. an; the【答案】 C10. There is _ old bridge near my house.A. a B. an C. the【答案】 B11. This summer, I m going to visit Great wall.A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】 C12. In order to find

28、 _ better job, she planned to learn _ second foreign language.A. the ； a B. a； a C. the；the D. a； the【答案】 B13.“ Will the charity show besuccess?” I kept asking myself.A. a B. an C. the D.不填【答案】 A14. Helen has _ lovely pet dog._ dog is clever enough to bring her newspapers every evening.A. a ; A B. t

29、he ; The C. a ; The D. the； A【答案】 C精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除15.My mother is _ English teacher in a university in Beijing.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】 B16. We will see _ even strong China in _ near future.A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. an; a【答案】 B17. _girl riding a bike is _university student.A. A, an B

30、. The, an C. A, the D. The, a【解析】 D. 冠詞。表示 “特指 ”，填定冠詞the；以輔音音素開頭的詞前用不定冠詞a，故選 D 答案。18. Would you like _red dress as a birthday present, Mary? Sorry, mom. I prefer _orange one.A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an【答案】 D19. _15th International Film Festival will be held in Shanghai.A.The B. An C. AD.【答案】

31、A【解析】考查冠詞的用法。定冠詞the 用在序數(shù)詞前。句意：第十五屆國際電影節(jié)將在上海被舉辦。20、 Peer is _ honest boy and _ good friend of mine.A. a; the. B. the; an C. a; an D. an; aD21. This is _ interesting movie and it s also_ most interesting one I ve ever seen.A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the【答案】 B22. Hurry up! If we miss _ last bus, weA. a;

32、 不填 B. the ; a C. the; 不填 D. a; a 【答案】 C ll have to get home by _taxi.23. Who s that girl? You mean _ one with long blond hair? That's Jack s daughter.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填【答案】 C24. A new road was built between our village and the town. _ road is wide and clean. A. 不填 B. The C. A【答案】 B25. London will hold _30th Olympic Games in July, 2012.A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】 C鏈接高考：1.（ 2014 陜西卷）_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.精品文檔此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除A. The; aB. A; theC. The; theD. A; a【答案】A本題第一空后面的名詞vellage 的后