2017-2019高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)解析---閱讀理解說(shuō)明類(lèi)

1、2017-2019高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)解析閱讀理解說(shuō)明類(lèi)一、 2019 年高考真題1.【2019全國(guó)卷I, C】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（ 生物測(cè) 量）tech no logies like fin gerpri nt sea ns to keep others out of private e-spaces. At prese nt, these tech no logies are still expensive, though.Res

2、earchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（ 裝置 ）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（ 節(jié)奏 ）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of secur

3、ity by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected toregardless of

4、 whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“ toucthe smart

5、keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes

6、 to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible ？A. Comp

7、uters are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.C. It'll b

8、e made of plastics.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookB. It'll reach consumers soon.D. It'll help speed up typing.C. A novel.D. A magazine.語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來(lái)越普遍，目前，向指紋掃描等這些技術(shù)仍然是昂貴的。本文介紹了一種新的科技智能鍵盤(pán)，它能給 e-space用戶(hù)帶來(lái)安全，而且這項(xiàng)技術(shù)也不貴。28. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的At prese n

9、t, these tech no logies are still expe nsive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.可知，研究者們開(kāi)發(fā)智能鍵盤(pán)是為了降低e-space保護(hù)的成本。故選 D。29. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的 The key board could offer a strong layer of security by

10、 analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique ptoeresaocnh. Thus，thekeyboard can determine people' s可知，e因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人的打字方式不同，使智能鍵盤(pán)能夠識(shí)別人的身份。故選 C。30. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的 The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 可知，研究者們 希望智

11、能鍵盤(pán)能早日面世。故選B。31. D【解析】推理判斷題。本文介紹了一種新的科技一一智能鍵盤(pán)，它能給e-space用戶(hù)帶來(lái)安全，由此可知，本文是關(guān)于科技，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)可知，本文可能來(lái)自于一本雜志。故選D。2.【2019全國(guó)卷I, D】During the rosy years of elementary school（ 小學(xué)）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me tokeep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tw

12、eens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psycho

13、logysorts the popular in to two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays -well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity

14、that appears in adolescence: status born of power andeven dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein ' s studies show unpleasant consequences. Tho were hi ghest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “ mostlikely to en

15、 gage（從事）in dan gerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（ 調(diào)查研究 ）.“We found that the least w-elilkled teenshad become more aggressive over

16、time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing

17、, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research ，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "

18、;Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about ？A.

19、The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior34. What did Dr. Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They

20、enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice- You Won't Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講到研究表明，對(duì)別人好，討人喜歡對(duì)人生活的各個(gè)方面有 深遠(yuǎn)的有益影響。32

21、. C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段 During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status （在美好的小學(xué)時(shí)光里，我喜歡分享我的娃娃和笑話(huà)，這 讓我保持了高高的社會(huì)地位。 ）由此推斷出， 作者在小學(xué)早期時(shí)， 是一個(gè)慷慨的女孩。 unkind 不友善的； lonely 寂寞的； generous 慷慨的； cool 冷靜的，故選 C。33. A 【解析】主旨大意題。第二段 Mitch Prin

22、stein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers（. 臨床心理學(xué)教授 Mitch Prinstein 將受歡迎的人分為兩類(lèi):討人喜歡的人和追求地位的人。 ）是段落主題句，本段內(nèi)容分別對(duì) the likable 和 the status seekers 做了解釋?zhuān)员?段主要介紹了兩種受歡迎的分類(lèi)，故選 A 。34. B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段 It clearly showed that while lik

23、ability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清 楚地表明，可愛(ài)可以促使健全的調(diào)整） ，由此推斷出，心理學(xué)教授 Mitch Prinstein 的研究表明，最有人望的 孩子適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)，故選B 。35. A 【解析】主旨大意題。通過(guò)閱讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段，可知這篇文章主要講了受歡迎，討人喜歡對(duì) 人生活的各個(gè)方面有深遠(yuǎn)的有益影響。與選項(xiàng) A '對(duì)別人好一一最終，你的收獲無(wú)窮無(wú)盡”一致，故選A。4.【2019全國(guó)卷II，D】Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorgani

24、sms（ 微生物 ） from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But notjust any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH hi

25、gh school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon ' students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero g

26、ravity, and they think they ' rcelose to a solution（解決方案 ）.“ We don ' t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers.Florence Gold, a project manager.5“ There are no tests, ” Gordon says. “ There is no graded homalemwoosrtka.rTehneoregrades, other than Are you wo

27、rking towards your goal? 'Basically, it 's I 'gvoet to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA. ' Engineers come and really depenSon review, and it ' s not a very nice thing at time. It a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH pr

28、ogram has an impact（ 影響） on college admissions and practical life skills.kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach. ” And that annoying bacterstudents are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What

29、do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.C. They appear different forms.33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.B. They lead to air pollution.D.

30、They damage the instruments.B. To sharpen students ' communication skills.D. To link space technology with school education34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designsC. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.35. What is

31、 the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了 HUNCH 項(xiàng)目就是通過(guò) Gordon 的學(xué)生找到如何殺死空間站的細(xì)菌這一技術(shù)，把空間技術(shù)與帶進(jìn)課堂，與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合，從而最終影響到大學(xué)入學(xué)。32. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Bacteria are annoyi

32、ng problem for astronauts. The microorganisms formour bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. 可知”，細(xì)菌對(duì)宇航員來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)令人討厭的問(wèn)題。這種來(lái)自我們身體的微生物在國(guó)際空間 站的表面不受控制地生長(zhǎng)，宇航員每周要花幾個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)清理它們。也就是說(shuō)它們很難去掉。其中的“themicroorganisms包括“ bacteria由此可知

33、， A項(xiàng)符合題意?！窘馕觥客评砼袛囝}。根據(jù)第二段的“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASAengineers. Gordon ' s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravit可知, Hunch 旨在把高中 教室和 NASA 的工程師聯(lián)系起來(lái)。 Gordon 的學(xué)生一直在研究如何在零重力下殺死細(xì)菌 , . ?！苯Y(jié)合最后一段 中的 “Gordon students are emailing daily with NASA

34、 engineers about the problem,.可知，學(xué)生每天都給 NASA 的工程師發(fā)郵件一起探討 （如何殺死空間站的細(xì)菌這一空間技術(shù)） 這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 由此可推斷出 HUNCH program 的目的把空間技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合。分析選項(xiàng)可知 D 項(xiàng)符合題意。34. A【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第三段中的 “I' ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year ,present it to NASA, ”“ Engineers come and really do a-npeinrson rev

35、iew， and .It ' s not a very nice thing at times. It business review of your product. 可知， NA”SA 的工程師要檢查學(xué)生所做的產(chǎn)品。 分析選項(xiàng)可知 A 項(xiàng)符合題意， 故選 A。35. B主旨大意題。文章以國(guó)際空間站里的微生物很難清除開(kāi)頭，引出宇航員們解決此問(wèn)題的途徑 借助美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的 HUNCH 高中班，此計(jì)劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來(lái)。在這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃里， 學(xué)生們通過(guò) homework （制作供美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局使用的產(chǎn)品）探索無(wú)疆的太空，因此太空：最后的功課疆域 ”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題

36、。故選 B。3.【2019全國(guó)卷III , C】Before the 1830s most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 ayear. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to mostcitizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich pe

37、ople in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term ref

38、erring to papers made widely available to the public.It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible（but not easy）to buy single copies of newspaper

39、s before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usua

40、lly two or three cents was charged-andsome of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the stree

41、t" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(業(yè) )were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.28. Which of the following

42、best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.929. What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.30. Who

43、were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians.D. Rich businessmen.B. Common people.C. Young publishers.31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper? widely available to the public. perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on

44、 the street. 可知，”這種 “便士報(bào)紙 ”針對(duì)大眾的， 在街上可以買(mǎi)的到報(bào)紙。 分析選項(xiàng)可知， 選項(xiàng) B 符合題意， 故選 B。A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.28.B語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章敘述了便士報(bào)紙 ”的誕生歷史。解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Before1830，s . Accordingly newspapers were read almost

45、only by richpeople. In addition ,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to mass audience. They were dull andvisually forbidding. 可知，”在 19 世紀(jì) 30 年代之前 ,只有富人才能讀報(bào)紙，而且大多數(shù)報(bào)紙中幾乎沒(méi)有能吸引大眾的內(nèi)容，讓人感覺(jué)無(wú)聊， ，視覺(jué)上令人望而卻步。由此可得出那時(shí)的報(bào)紙沒(méi)有什么吸引力。分析選項(xiàng)，A . Academic 學(xué)術(shù)的； B. Unattractive 沒(méi)有吸引力， 無(wú)魅力的； C. Inexpensive 廉

46、價(jià)的，不貴的； D. Confidential機(jī)密的，保密的?？芍狝、C和D是錯(cuò)誤的，只有 B符合題意，故選 B。29.C解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到 “便士報(bào)紙 ”針對(duì)大眾，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以買(mǎi)的到報(bào)紙。 結(jié)合第三段中間的“ streets sales of n ewspapers would be com mon placed in easter n cities 可知，報(bào)紙”勺街頭銷(xiāo)售隨處可見(jiàn)。由此可推斷出，街頭銷(xiāo)售意味讀報(bào)紙的多了。分析選項(xiàng)可知C 符合題，故選 C 。30.B解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Thetrend, then, was pennypaper&

47、#39;a term referring to papers made31.A【解析】 推理判斷題。第二段 “ The trend, the n, was penny p及plr后一段 “ The new trend of n ewspapers for the man on the street' did not begin well. Some of the early ventures were immediately failures. Publishers alreadyin business, people who owners of successful papers,

48、had little desires to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling. 可知， “便士報(bào)紙 ”新趨勢(shì)一開(kāi)始并不好，一些早期的嘗 試立即失敗了。已經(jīng)進(jìn)入商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的成功的出版商，并不想改變這一傳統(tǒng)。后來(lái)一些年輕而大膽的商人才 推動(dòng)了這件事。由此可推斷出 “便士報(bào)紙 ”的誕生是一個(gè)困難而曲折的過(guò)程。分析選項(xiàng)可知， A 項(xiàng)符合題意， 故選 A 。5.【2019全國(guó)卷III , D】Monkeys seem to have a way with n

49、umbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.Here's how Harv

50、ard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would

51、flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers 17 in this example.After running hundred

52、s of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the mo

53、nkeys tended to un derestimate（彳氐估）a sum compared with a si ngle symbol whe n the two were close in value sometimes choos ing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then

54、added only a fraction（ 小部分 ）of the smaller number to it."This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says.this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one. ”32. What did the resear

55、chers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them. B. They named them.C. They trained them. D. They measured them.33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.34. What did Livingst

56、one's team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Sc

57、ience. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：猴子可以進(jìn)行基本的加法運(yùn)算。文章對(duì)研究的經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)論 做了介紹和分析。32.C【解析】纟田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ A team of researchers trained three Rhesus mon keys The researches the ntested how 可知，在對(duì)這些猴子進(jìn)行測(cè)試之前，研究者們對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了培訓(xùn)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。33. B【解析】纟節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的 “Intheir cages the monkeys were provided with touch screen If the monkeys

58、touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops ; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with可，"當(dāng)猴子觸摸屏幕左邊時(shí)，它們會(huì)得到7滴水或者果汁的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；當(dāng)它們觸摸屏幕的另一端（即畫(huà)著圓圈的部分）時(shí)，它們會(huì)得到 17 滴水或果汁的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。由此可知，猴子是通過(guò)觸 摸屏幕得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的。 B 選項(xiàng)正確。34. A【解析】纟節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第四段 “The monkeys would go for the higher v

59、alues more than half the time, indicatingthat they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination 和第五段中的 “ When ” addi ng two nu mbers可知，猴子會(huì)在超過(guò)一半的時(shí)間內(nèi)選擇更高的值，這意味著它們?cè)谶M(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不僅僅是記住每一個(gè)組合的值。由此可知， A 選項(xiàng)正確：猴子能夠進(jìn)行基本的加法計(jì)算。由此亦可以排除C 選35. DMargaret Livingstone 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的【解析】推理判斷題。通讀整篇文章可知，該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家 一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的研究結(jié)果。 這屬于 “科學(xué)研究 ”范疇，故