常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語參考模板

1、常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 傳染病complicating diseases 并發(fā)病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接觸性傳染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 機(jī)能病、官能病infectious diseases 傳染病inh

2、erited diseases 遺傳病malignant diseases惡性病nutritional diseases 營養(yǎng)病occupation diseases 職業(yè)病organic diseases 器質(zhì)性病paroxysmal diseases 陣發(fā)性病periodical diseases 周期病primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)（主導(dǎo)）病secondary diseases 繼發(fā)病sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病terminal diseases 絕癥wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complai

3、nt 主訴clinical manifestation 臨床表現(xiàn)delivery history 分娩史etiology病因?qū)Wfamily history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced)誘因marital status婚姻狀況menstrual history 月經(jīng)史menarche 初潮menopause閉經(jīng)past history既往史pathogenesis 發(fā)病機(jī)制personal history 個(gè)人史symptoms 癥狀cardinal symptom 主要癥狀classical symptom 典型癥狀c

4、oncomitant symptom 伴發(fā)癥狀constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀indirect symptom 間接癥狀induced symptom 誘發(fā)癥狀local symptom 局部癥狀mental symptom精神癥狀symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥，癥候群signs體征antecedent 前驅(qū)征assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遺癥sign of death 死征diagnostic診斷征sign of disease 病征subjective 自覺征

5、，主觀征vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 體重barrel chest 桶狀胸cachexia 惡病質(zhì)compulsive position 被動體位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 瞼內(nèi)翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮紅gain (loss) in weight 增加（減輕）體重lock-jaw 牙關(guān)緊閉lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap

6、鼻翼扇動nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 蒼白scolisis 脊柱側(cè)凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虛弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo 眩暈lassitude, fatigue 無力，倦怠malaise 不適night sweat 盜汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，發(fā)冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching 癢，somasthenia 軀體無力tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫acidosis 酸中毒adhes

7、ion 粘連alkalosis 堿中毒allergy 過敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脫水distention 膨脹edema 水腫embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質(zhì)紊亂gangrene 壞疽hematoma 血腫hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 傳染inflammation 炎癥ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis 轉(zhuǎn)移perforation 穿孔necrosis 壞死sho

8、ck 休克response 反應(yīng)，應(yīng)答reaction 反應(yīng)，感應(yīng)thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱continuous fever 稽留熱intermittent fever 間歇熱low-grade fever 低熱remittent fever 馳張熱relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest(flank,) pain 胸（脅腹）痛cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating

9、pain (pain radiating to) 放射性痛（放射到疼痛）angina 絞痛cardiac angina 心絞痛backache 背痛colic 絞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 頭痛neuralgia 神經(jīng)痛migraine 偏頭痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 軀體痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 帶血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳

10、血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暫停，窒息asthma 氣喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困難hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸，換氣過度hypopnea 呼吸不全， 呼吸淺表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齊atelectasis 肺不張，肺膨脹不全cardiac

11、arrest 心搏驟停cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大cyanosis 發(fā)紺，青紫distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張extrasystole 期外收縮gallop rhythm 奔馬律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流hypovolemia （循環(huán)）血容量減少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心動過速pneumothorax 氣胸thrill 震顫absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 濁音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus

12、, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厭食dysphagia 吞咽困難eructation 噯氣belching 噯氣flatulence 氣脹flatus 腸胃氣，屁gaseous distention 胃脹氣hematemesis 嘔血hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 惡心pyrosis 胃灼熱regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 嘔吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂a(bǔ)scites 腹水board-lik

13、e rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張fistula 瘺，瘺管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝腫大intussusception 腸套疊jaundice 黃疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛(wèi)peristalsis 蠕動loss of peristalsis 蠕動消失mass peristalsis 總?cè)鋭觬etrograde (reversed) per

14、istalsis 逆蠕動prolapse 脫垂prolapse of anus 脫肛rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂，脫肛volvulus 腸扭轉(zhuǎn)calculus 結(jié)石， 石biliary calculus 膽結(jié)石vesical calculus 膀胱結(jié)石constipation 便秘defecation 排便diarrhea 腹瀉incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潛血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動clay colored

15、stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞，吐糞foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無尿burning sensation no urination 排尿時(shí)的灼燒感dysurea 排尿困難，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿frequency of urination 尿頻

16、micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿時(shí)里急后重uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 氣尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 膿尿amenorrhe

17、a 經(jīng)閉，無月經(jīng)dysmenorrhea 痛經(jīng)menorrhagia 月經(jīng)過多l(xiāng)ochia 惡露menorrhea 行經(jīng)，月經(jīng)過多menstruation 月經(jīng)uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點(diǎn)bruise 挫傷，青腫acne 痤瘡，粉刺desquamation 脫皮，脫屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀點(diǎn)，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉著pustule 膿皰purpura 紫癲red nodule 紅結(jié)節(jié)roseola 玫瑰疹scar 傷疤senile pl

18、aque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下結(jié)節(jié)urticaria 蕁麻疹vesicle 小水皰vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊impaired vision 視力下降lacrimation 流淚papilledema 視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 視網(wǎng)膜脫離deafness 聾hearing loss 聽力喪失tinnitus 耳鳴epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血imp

19、aired smelling 嗅覺障礙nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 噴嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥hoarseness 嘶啞gum bleeding 齒齦出血herpes labialis 唇皰疹，感冒瘡Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 齦鉛線salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮contracture 攣縮deformity

20、 畸形，變形dislocation 脫位fracture 骨折closed (simple)fracture 無創(chuàng)骨折，單純性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆開（開放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反張prosthesis 假體spasm 痙攣tetany (肌)強(qiáng)直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語ataxia 共濟(jì)失調(diào)coma 昏迷consciousness 知覺，意識convulsion 抽搐，驚厥delirium 譫妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥halluci

21、nation 幻覺hemiplegia 偏癱increased intracranial pressure 顱內(nèi)壓增高insanity 精神錯亂loss of orientation 定向喪失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損，遺忘癥paraplegia 截癱，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓unconsciousness 失去知覺yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hemati

22、c, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ) crisis腦（熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒）危象failure 衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中樞（循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸）衰竭diagnosis診斷auscultation 聽診inspection 視診palpation觸診percussion 叩診laboratory examination 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查physi

23、cal examination 體格檢查rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸（陰道）指診impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷final diagnosis 最后診斷prognosis 預(yù)后prescription 處方incubation (latent) period 潛伏期prodromal stage 前驅(qū)期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 靜止期alleviation 減輕，緩和remission 緩解attack 發(fā)作convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復(fù)期rehabilitation 康復(fù)relapse 復(fù)發(fā)s