中國(guó)古建筑(英文)（課堂PPT）

1、1 02120101 丁亞軍 2Advantages: materials for constructing such structures were easily available and construction methods were relatively simple the wooden frame structures are shock-resistant, because the parts are linked by tenon-and-mortise (榫卯榫卯) joints so that they are safer in earthquakes the wood

2、en framework bears all the weight of the building, which makes the installation of both the outer and inner walls flexible and able to be placed in accordance with practical needs3Disadvantages: Their durability is not as good as structures of brick or stone. wood grows very slowly and cannot be cut

3、 on a large scale recklessly.The most significant characteristic of ancient Chinese architecture:the use of timber/wooden framework4The roofs An important part of Chinese architecture. Not only protect residences from the elements, they also had a deeper meaning. 5The curve of each roof can be no mo

4、re than a sweep and the most intricate designs on the roof are almost always pointing south-east. However, there are some down sides to having all of these decorations of the roof. The tremendous weight could eventually bring down the entire complex. Ancient timeAncient time6 Temple roofs were curve

5、d. The temples roof is also made of glazed ceramic tiles and has an overhanging cave distinguished by a graceful upward slope. 7 The ridges of each roof carries figurines and/or mythical creatures.8Architectural Features of palaces:-The ancient palaces were strictly laid out on central axis. - Yello

6、w roof tiles were used. -The wooden columns of the buildings, as well as the surface of the walls, tend to be red in color. -The Chinese dragon was heavily used on Imperial architecture. 9 Palace (Gong) Pavilion (Ting) Storeyed Pavilion (Ge) Terrace (Tai) Storeyed Building (Lou) Pagoda (Ta) Types of

7、 Chinese Architectures10Palace The Chinese word for palace is Gong. The Forbidden City of Beijing, which still stands intact and which served as the imperial palace for both Ming and Qing emperors (1368-1911) covers an area of 720,000 square meters and embraces many halls, towers, pavilions and stud

8、ies measured as 9,900 bays. It is one of the greatest palaces of the world. In short, palaces grew into a veritable city and are often called Gongcheng (palace city). 11Pavilion A common sight in the country, the Chinese pavilion (ting, which means also a kiosk) is built normally either of wood or s

9、tone or bamboo with any of several shapes - square, triangle, hexagon, octagon, a five-petal flower, a fan and more. But all pavilions have columns for support without walls. In parks or some scenic places, pavilions are built on slopes to command the panorama or are built by the lakeside to create

10、intriguing images by water. 12terraces As an ancient architectural structure of Chinese, the tai was a very much elevated terrace with a flat top, generally built of earth and stone and surfaced with brick.Functions of terraces : as an observatory (觀象臺(tái)） as beacon towers(烽火臺(tái)) along the Great Wall in

11、honor of the sincere friendship13Storeyed Building A lou can refer to any building of two or more storeys with a horizontal main ridge. for military use as private homes as belvederes（望景樓） as bell and drum towers Functions of multi-story buildings : 14 storyed pavilions The Chinese Ge is similar to

12、the Lou in that both are of two or more storey buildings. The difference between them is that the Ge has a door and windows only on the front side with the other three sides being solid walls. Moreover, Ge is usually enclosed by wooden balustrades or decorated with boards all around. Functions of st

13、oryed pavilions : used in ancient times for the storage of important articles and documents a place where educated men used to gather to write articles and hold banquets used for enjoying the sights15Pagoda (Ta) Buddhism came to China during the Eastern or Later Han period. The oldest monastery (siy

14、uan) on Chinese ground is the White Horse Monastery (Baimasi) in Luoyang. A pagoda can also be seen as a symbol for a monastery. By the way, the word pagoda derives from the Sanskrit word bhagavat (cf. the book Bhagavatgita) holy.16 A Chinese Taoist temple, generally called gong（宮） or guan（觀） in Chi

15、nese, is the holy hall where Taoists perform their religious ceremonies.Taoist Temple Constructions Religious Structures（宗教建筑）（宗教建筑）17Buddhist Temple Constructions Buddhist Temple Constructions in China include Buddhist temples, monasteries, pagodas, Buddhist halls and grottoes, which are called si

16、（佛寺）, ta （佛塔）, dian (佛殿）and shiku （石窟） in Chinese respectively.18A mosque （清真寺） is a place of worship for followers of Islam. Islamic Mosques 19Tombs and Mausoleums（陵墓建筑）（陵墓建筑） People of all social classes had their tombs carefully built. Over the centuries, the craft of tomb construction gradually

17、merged with arts like painting, calligraphy and sculpture. It eventually became its own art form.20Courtyard House（院落式民居）（院落式民居） A courtyard house is a type of house where several buildings are disposed around a central courtyard. Siheyuan A siheyuan is a style of Chinese courtyard house. It is a hi

18、storical type of residence that was commonly found throughout China, most famously in Beijing. The name literally means a courtyard surrounded by four buildings. In English, siheyuan are sometimes referred to as Chinese quadrangles. 21Do you know why these houses usually face south? -These houses us

19、ually face south in order to get more sunlight during winter. -People believe that facing south will bring good feng shui.22Stilt House （干欄式民居）2324Cave Dwelling（窯洞式民居）2526Earthen Building (土樓) 27Interior of a typical round earthen building: The first floor is always the kitchen. The second floor becomes a storage room for food and furniture. The third floor and above are bedr