中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-詳解與練習(xí)(共9頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上定義：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，或表示主觀設(shè)想。1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有自己的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，必須和后面的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ) （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ do）2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化（也就是說(shuō)，不管句子的主語(yǔ)是第一、第二或第三人稱，單數(shù)或是復(fù)數(shù)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都不變）現(xiàn)階段我們常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can may must need考點(diǎn)一：can，may，must 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在陳述句中的用法：1. can 的用法：（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。 表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)”， 即有種能力，尤其是生來(lái)具備的能力，此時(shí)may 和must 均不可代替它。如：She can sw

2、im fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。（2）.表示許可，常在口語(yǔ)中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中， 此時(shí)cant 譯為“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？Can it be our teacher?那個(gè)人有可能是我們老師嗎？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。

3、咱們老師正在游覽長(zhǎng)城呢。【例題】1.I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No. She _be there, I have just been there. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt 2._ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is.A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must【解析】 由題干可知，本句表示請(qǐng)求、許可。2.

4、 could的用法：（1）.can的過(guò)去式，意為“ 能、 會(huì)”，表示過(guò)去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫(xiě)詩(shī)。（2）. could在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí) could 沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎? Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表示請(qǐng)求、許可，比can 正式，客氣、婉轉(zhuǎn)。如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎？You m

5、ay go home now. 現(xiàn)在你可以回家了?！纠}】_ I borrow your MP3? Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would【解析】 在此處表示請(qǐng)求，意為“ 做可以嗎”。 (2) .表示推測(cè)，談?wù)摽赡苄裕鉃椤?可能， 或許”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能會(huì)下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢. (3) .may的過(guò)去式為might ，表示推測(cè)時(shí)?？赡苄缘陀趍ay。 如：He is away from school. He might be s

6、ick.他離開(kāi)學(xué)校了，可能是他生病了。例題：Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? Sorry, Im not sure . But it _ be.A. might B.mustnt C.cant D.must (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你過(guò)得愉快。 May you be happy! 祝你幸福！ May you succeed！祝你成功！4. must的用法：(1).must 表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。

7、 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回來(lái)之前你必須呆在這兒。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎？例題May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need (2) 其否定形式mustnt表示“ 一定不要 ” “千萬(wàn)別” “禁止, 不許”. 如：You mustnt play with fire. 你不許玩火。You mustnt be late

8、. 你一定不要遲到。（3）對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt 或 dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎？No, you neednt.不，你不必。例題：May I take this book out of the reading room? _. Please read it here.A. Certainly B.No, you neednt C.No, you mustnt D.No, you may not【解析】May I?的否定答語(yǔ)為 No, you cant/ mustnt.；Mu

9、st I ?否定答語(yǔ)為 No，you neednt/dont have to.;Can I ?的否定答語(yǔ)為 No，you cant. 在口語(yǔ)交際中，要體會(huì)句子中的情感差別。 (4)must表示有把握的推測(cè)，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。注意其反意問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成形式：當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句要用實(shí)際問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasnt she?(注意反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分)You must have met uncl

10、e Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分)5. need的用法：（1）.need 表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，其否定形式為neednt，意為“沒(méi)有必要，不必”。 用need 提問(wèn)時(shí)，肯定回答為 must，否定回答為 neednt或dont have to。 如：Need I stay here any longer? 我還有必要留在這兒?jiǎn)?？Yes, you must .是的。No. you neednt /dont have to. 不， 你不必。例題：You _ get there by bus. A. dont

11、 need B. neednt to C. dont need to D. need dont to(2).need 還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語(yǔ)后邊多接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 我需要馬上做這件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那個(gè)女孩。如果是物作主語(yǔ)，一般用need doing 與 need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。例如：. The doo

12、r needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇門需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的車需要維修了。6. shall 的用法：shall表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)（多用于第一、三人稱），如：Shall we go out for a walk? 我們出去散步好嗎？在英語(yǔ)中，我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。(1).用“Let's do.”來(lái)提出建議。如：Let's go for a walk after supper.(

13、2).用“What/How about.?”來(lái)提出建議；about后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?(3).用“Why not.?”來(lái)提出建議，表示“何不”not面后接動(dòng)詞原形?！癢hy not.?”實(shí)際上是“Why don't you/we.?”的簡(jiǎn)略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?(4).用“Would you

14、 like.?”來(lái)提出建議，意思是“你想要嗎?”Would you like后可接名詞或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her?因此，如果我們說(shuō)：“去游泳好嗎?”英語(yǔ)中可有這樣幾種表達(dá)法：Shall we go for a swim?Let's go for a swim，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you t

15、hink of going for a swim?7. should的用法：（1）.should 意為“應(yīng)該” ，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。 如：We should protect the environment. 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。（2）Should have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。如：You should have finished your homework. 你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。（事實(shí)上你沒(méi)有完成。）8. will 的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下

16、午如果我有空，我就會(huì)幫你。注意：1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式變換。 由于“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示，所以there be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)的形式就是there will be。（一定不能說(shuō)there will have）例如： There are many students in our school. There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能說(shuō)：There will have a sports meeting

17、 next week.2、will 與be going to do sth區(qū)別：. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. . be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. . be going to 含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)

18、備”的意思，而 will 則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. .在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you 10. had better 的用法：had better 意為“最好”，沒(méi)有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to 的不定式，其否定形式為：had better not。如：We had better go now.

19、 我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把這本書(shū)給他?？键c(diǎn)二：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句的回答:1.對(duì) may 引出的問(wèn)句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustnt. No, you cant.2.對(duì)must引出的疑問(wèn)句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to.3.could在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí) could 沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:Could you do me a fav

20、our? 你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎? Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑問(wèn)句用于第一人稱， 表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或客氣的請(qǐng)求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.【例題

21、】Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily? _.A.Thats right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble【解析】A. 意為“對(duì)了” ，B.意為“ 樂(lè)意效勞”, C. 意為“ 沒(méi)關(guān)系” D.意為“不費(fèi)事”。考點(diǎn)三:不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義也不同：1.（1）.cant可譯為“不會(huì)”， 如：I cant play basketball. 我不會(huì)打籃球。（2）當(dāng)句子表推測(cè)時(shí)，用cant 表達(dá)不可能， 如：He cant be ill. He is playing che

22、ss with Tom. 他不可能病了，他正和Tom 下棋呢。（3）cant 還可用來(lái)回答“ May I ? ” 這樣的問(wèn)句。 如：May I come in ? 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？No, you mustnt. / cant. 不，你不能。（4）cant 還可用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中。cant help doing 禁不住，情不自禁 cant wait to do sth 迫不及待如：She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起來(lái)。The children cant wait to open the box. 孩子們迫不及待地想打開(kāi)盒子。2. may的否定式為 may not，譯成“ 可能不”

23、，如：He may not be at home. 他也許不在家。3.（1）mustnt 表示不許，不可。如：He mustnt leave his room. 他不許離開(kāi)他的房間。You mustnt talk in class. 你們不可以在課上說(shuō)話。(2) mustnt 也可用于以 may 表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中。如：May I stand here? 我可以站在這里嗎？No, you mustnt (cant). 不，不行。4.（1）neednt 意為“ 不必”。如：You neednt meet him unless youd like to.你不需要見(jiàn)他，除非你愿意。（2）need

24、nt + have+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動(dòng)作，暗含時(shí)間或精力上的浪費(fèi)。如：You neednt have bought it. 你沒(méi)必要買它（但你卻買了）。5. shouldnt 表示不應(yīng)該。如：You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things. 對(duì)于這種小事，你不應(yīng)該感到這么不高興?？键c(diǎn)四:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + done (動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)。做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面。如：You neednt get up so early every day.你不必

25、每天都起這么早。She shouldnt speak to her mother in that way.她不應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說(shuō)話。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中國(guó)必須種植更多的樹(shù)木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我們都看不到，因?yàn)樗鼈冸x 我們太遠(yuǎn)了?？键c(diǎn)五: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法:一、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)。1、can表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。如：That man cant be her

26、 husband she is still single.Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman?2、must表示肯定的推測(cè)，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now. Mr Li must be working now， for the lights in his office are still on.3、might 表示推測(cè)時(shí)不一定是may的過(guò)去時(shí)，只是表示其可能性較小。如：The man may be the headmaster.Where is Mr Li? He might be w

27、orking in his office. May Mr Li come? He might not come here.4、Could表示推測(cè)時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣can比要弱，說(shuō)話者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be， because it is not moving.5、Should表示推測(cè)的可能性比較大，僅比must的可能性 小一點(diǎn)。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在過(guò)的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)性用法。1、“must +have done/been-”

28、表示“過(guò)去一定發(fā)生過(guò)某事或存在過(guò)某種狀態(tài)”，不用于“musnt+have-”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasnt she?(注意反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分)2、“should +have done /been-”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做”；“ shouldnt+完成式”表示“本來(lái)不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說(shuō)話者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。如：You should have fin

29、ished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).You shouldnt have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bed again then).3、“neednt+完成式”表示“本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做某事，而實(shí)際上卻做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried .4、“cant /couldnt+have done /been-”表示“過(guò)去不可能發(fā)

30、生了某事或存在過(guò)某種狀態(tài)”。如：I saw him just now. He cant have gone to Japan.She said the man couldnt have stolen her car.5、“could+have done/been-”表示“過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠，可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài)，而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有”，說(shuō)話者有些遺憾?！癱ould sb. have done /been-？”是它的問(wèn)句形式。如：You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York (but in fact you stayed

31、in a nearby hotel .) Could Mr Li have helped this girl student?6、“may/might+完成式”表示“過(guò)去可能，本來(lái)可以于某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有干”，might的可能性較小，語(yǔ)氣較弱。如：He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help，however bus she was.【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞易混點(diǎn)歸納】易混點(diǎn)一: can和be able to兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過(guò)去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時(shí)態(tài)中 要用be

32、 able to 來(lái)表示。另外 be able to 常常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力，花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim cant speak English.吉姆不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。He could speak English at 5. 他五歲時(shí) 就會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會(huì)見(jiàn)到他。He has been able to drive. 他已經(jīng)會(huì)開(kāi)車了。Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the moun

33、tain at noon.我們能在中午到達(dá)山頂。易混點(diǎn)二:can和may1. can 和 may 均可用來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)或許可，意為“可以”， 一般可互換使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎？2. can 和may 表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別：1)在肯定句中用 might，may，must，不用can2)在疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)用can，不用 might，may，must3) 在否定句中用cant（不可能）， 不用 may， must。 如：She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。Where can they be now? 他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？T

34、hat cant be true. 那不可能是真的。易混點(diǎn)三: may be 和maybe 用法區(qū)別 常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， be為動(dòng)詞原形 句中，作謂語(yǔ)maybe 副詞，大概、也許，相當(dāng)于perhaps 句首，作狀語(yǔ)例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure. 也許他錯(cuò)了，但我也不確定。易混點(diǎn)四：cant 和 mustnt1. cant 根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為：（1）不會(huì)。如：I cant speak English . 我不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。（2）不能。如：We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了，我們現(xiàn)在

35、干不了。（3）否定句中表示推測(cè)?！安豢赡堋?，如：The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那個(gè)人不可能是咱們老師，他年輕得多。2. mustnt 意為“ 禁止、不許”， 用來(lái)表達(dá)命令，表示強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣。 如：You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危險(xiǎn)了。易混點(diǎn)五：must 和 have to1. must 側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要。have to 側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和

36、將來(lái)時(shí)。如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厲害， 我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。I havent got any money with me, so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.我身上沒(méi)帶錢，只好向朋友借點(diǎn)了。He said they must work hard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。2. have to可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài)；而must只用于一般現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。如：T

37、he composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。例題：Can you go surfing with us this afternoon? Id like to , but I _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.need B.must C.have to D.should易混點(diǎn)六: used to do / be used to doing / be u

38、sed to do/ be used for doing sthused to do 表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去，只用于過(guò)去，注意用 to do，不用doing形式；而be used to doing 意為“習(xí)慣做”， be 可有各種時(shí)態(tài)； be used to do 意為“被使用去做,” 為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth“用作” 如：My father used to eating meat.我父親過(guò)去起床晚，但現(xiàn)在不得不早起了。She is used to eating meat.她習(xí)慣吃肉。He wasnt used to eating in a res

39、taurant.他不習(xí)慣在飯店吃飯。A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用來(lái)割東西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用來(lái)割東西)【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞活學(xué)巧練】11 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. may B. canC. has to D. must2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able toC. can able to D. are

40、 able to3 May I take this book out? No, you_. A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would5 Can you speak Japanese? No, I_. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not21 He_ be in the c

41、lassroom, I think. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't2 Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? Thanks, but you_, I've had enough.A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't3 Even the top stud

42、ents in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need4 He isn't at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to5 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do31 The children_ play football on the road. A. can't B. can C. m

43、ustn't D. must2 You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustn't B. needn'tC. don't have to D. don't need to3 Must I do my homework at once? No, you_. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not41 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor.A. has not to B. don't have toC. haven't to D. doesn't have to2 He had to give up the pl