高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)資料【龍惠】名詞篇縱觀高考試題,試題中出現(xiàn)的考點主要有:名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;不可數(shù)名詞的辨認(rèn);抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成普通名詞的名詞一體詞;名詞作定語;雙重所有格;名詞前多個形容詞排列。一、名詞可數(shù)與不可數(shù)及修飾詞:?？嫉某橄竺~有:advice, chalk, furniture, patience, paper, clothing, fun, power, work, oil, jewelery, homework, sugar, information, salt, knowledge, luck, weather, progress, news (word, money注意:anot

2、her不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,可說another book,不可說another news。二、復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式因詞而異:1. a man driver (men drivers a woman doctor ( women doctors2. a film-goer (film-goers 電影愛好者3. a looker-on (lookers-on 旁觀者passers-by4. a grown-up (grown-ups 成年人三、部分名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特殊意義:goods, looks(表情、外貌, times, interests, works, glasses, hairs (頭發(fā)

3、, drinks(飲料, manners, papers, greens(青菜、蔬菜, irons(熨斗, forces(軍隊, sands(沙灘, arms, airs(做作的樣子、架子put on airse.g. 1. His mother wants to buy some greens in the market. She is dressed in green.2. Her grandfather can not read without glasses.In fact her necklace was made of glass.3. Wood can be made into

4、paper.Its polite for the students to help the teacher collect or hand out papers.4. It takes a lot of work to build a house.A new chemical works will be set up here.5. The city is in great need of our goods. How good of you to come and help us!6. Put down your arms, or well fire. She carried a box u

5、nder her arm.7. What does this French word mean?Only by this means can we learn English well.8. Dont put on airs before us. He likes going out for fresh air.9. She takes no interest in politics.We should not live only for our own interests.四、幾個容易誤用的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù):1. 單復(fù)數(shù)相同:sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanes

6、e, means, works2. 只有復(fù)數(shù):cattle, people3. 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn):trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, remains(遺物, contents, goods, congratulations, means, sports, preparations(準(zhǔn)備, tears, repairs, regards, games(運動會4. 以s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科或?qū)Ｓ忻~常作單數(shù):politics, maths, physics, the United States, The United Nations五、幾組易錯名詞的用法:1. many

7、a + 單數(shù)名詞= many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞2. 集合名詞:family, team, audience, enemy, public, group, class, government, company, police, party作主語時,若看作一個整體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);若表示組成分子,則用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. The police are on duty at the street corner.My family is / are going to have a long journey.3. population:1作為“人口”的總稱或“居民”的總數(shù)是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。2問“多少人口

8、”時,不說how many或how much,而用what。3在談到“人口比多”時,常用large,great;“人口少”時,常用small,而不用much,many或little。4當(dāng)談及“有人口”時,習(xí)慣上用have a population of。5當(dāng)“百分?jǐn)?shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)+ of the population”作主語時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。6表示某個地區(qū)人口時,其前應(yīng)有定冠詞。7population不能與people連用。e.g. The population in China is very large, and 80% of the population are farmers.The city

9、has a population of the million.六、表示“許多”的詞組:1. 代替many,修飾可數(shù)名詞的有:a great number of, a large number of, a good number of, a great many, many a2. 代替much,修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:a great deal of3. 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large / great / good quantity of, large quantities ofe.g. The teacher g

10、ave us a large number of examples.七、用定冠詞加上姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示其全家人或夫婦兩人: the Smiths八、名詞的雙重所有格的用法:1. 只能用于指人的名詞 a friend of my sisters2. 前一名詞必須泛指或有this,that,those,another,some,every, several,such,any,which,what修飾或限制,或前面有數(shù)詞。九、名詞前多個形容詞的排列順序:描繪性+大小/新舊/年齡/溫度/形式+顏色/形狀+起源/出處+材料/目的分類e.g. a pretty little American girl

11、an old stone bridgea small round pine table the dirty old green coat十、名詞用來作定語,修飾名詞:有生命的多用s或s的所有格,無生命的多用of短語。一個名詞直接做定語修飾另一個名詞,往往屬于固定的搭配。telephone number, school education, air pollution, research work, bus driver, coffee cup, sports meet, village people十一、表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、特點、情感、情緒的人或事,表示變化了的詞義,這一類抽象名詞已完全名

12、詞化變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞:1. in surprise / a surprise2. with pleasure / a pleasure3. have pity on sb. / Its a pity. ( What a pity.4. a man with experience / an experience5. light(光/ a light(燈6. have difficulty in doing sth. / meet with many difficulties7. failure ( success 8. danger(危險/ a danger(危險物十二、常用名詞辨異:1. acci

13、dent / incident:accident常指不幸的,預(yù)料不到的,突發(fā)性的意外事件,如災(zāi)禍、災(zāi)難等;還常與by連用,by accident 偶然類似: come across, happen to do, chance to do, by chancee.g. He had met with an accident on the way. This is why he was late for the meeting.incident指不重要的小事或引起公眾注意的事件;也指事變、戰(zhàn)爭等。e.g. My father told me of an incident that took pla

14、ce on his first day at school.2. affair / business / matteraffair的單數(shù)形式作“事情、事件”解,復(fù)數(shù)形式作“事務(wù)、業(yè)務(wù)”解,用指國內(nèi)、國際的事務(wù)。business作“生意”“行業(yè)”,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。matter作“事情、東西、問題”解,通常指必須考慮和處理的事情。另外:1the matter麻煩事2v. 主要用于否定句、疑問句,表示“要緊,有重大關(guān)系”3no matter , as a matter of fact4matter 物質(zhì)3. clothes / cloth / clothing / dressclothes統(tǒng)指衣服,不

15、能與數(shù)詞連用,但可以說many(a few,those, myclothes,說“一套衣服”可以表達(dá)為“a suit of clothes”,其后的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。cloth指做衣服的衣料,是不可數(shù)名詞,但用于特殊用途的布,如“臺布”“抹布”等是可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式為clothes。clothing指衣服、服裝的總稱,是集合名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。一件衣服a piece of clothing / an article of clothing,不能說a suit of clothingdress指穿在外面的衣服,尤指在社交場合的衣服,可數(shù)名詞。4. fun / jokefun和joke都有“開玩

16、笑”的意思,fun是不可數(shù)名詞,而joke 可用做動詞,表示“開玩笑”,而fun不能用作動詞。同某人開玩笑:make fun of, play a joke / jokes on sb.make a joke / jokes about sb. / sth.5. e moment (that / for the momentin a moment“一會兒后”,指從現(xiàn)在往后的一段時間,也可指“很短的一段時間內(nèi)”。after a moment“一會兒后”,用于過去或?qū)淼哪硶r起往后一段時間。for a moment作一段時間解時,指“很短暫的一整段時間”。at the moment“當(dāng)時”“目前”

17、(= at this moment, thenthe moment that表示“一就”for the moment暫時、目前6. pay / wage / salarypay是不可數(shù)名詞,是個常用詞,可替代其他兩個詞。salary是可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞,按月、季或年發(fā)給的工資,一般指腦力勞動者的工資。wage(常用復(fù)數(shù),一般指體力勞動者的工資,按日或星期來計算的。7. strength / force / energy / powerstrength常指固有的潛在力量,指人時,著重力氣。force主要指自然界的力量,如暴力、勢力、軍事力量等。energy主要指“人的精力、自然界的能量”pow

18、er主要指做一件事情所依靠的能力。十三、Repeat:1. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people.2. Shortly after the accident, two dozen police were sent there to keep order.3. We have worked out the plan and now put it into practice.4. He is going camping with two othe

19、r little boys.5. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.6. He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.7. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a message.8. Youll find this map of great value in helping you to get round London.代詞篇一

20、、it的用法:1. 代替指示代詞this或that2. 用作人稱代詞3. 表示時間、天氣、距離等4. 引導(dǎo)詞,在句中充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語1 It seems that Sb. seems to do / to be doing / to have done2 It appears that Sb. appears to do / to be doing / to have done3 It happens that Sb. happens to do / to be doing / to have done4 It is no use / useless / no good doing st

21、h.5 It is said / reported / believed that 6 It has been proved that 事實證明7 It is + adj. + for sb. / of sb. to do sth.8 It is a pity that 9 It is certain that 10 It is time ( that (虛擬語氣11 It is necessary that (虛擬語氣12 Sb. + v. + it + n. / adj. + to do sth. / doing sth. / thatfeel it an honour to domake

22、 it clear to sb. to dofind it no use doing13 It is / was + 被強調(diào)的部分+ that / who 14 It was ( not / will ( not long ( hours before 15 It is not until that Not until 16 It takes sb. some time to do sth.二、反身代詞:come to oneself(蘇醒/ be not oneself(身體不舒服 congratulate oneself on(暗自慶幸enjoy oneselfexpress onesel

23、f(表達(dá)devote oneself to(致力于dress oneself(穿衣find oneself(發(fā)覺自己在help oneself to(隨便吃hide oneself(躲藏keep sth. to oneself(保守秘密make oneself at home(不要拘束,就像在自己家里一樣 make oneself + p.p.seat oneself三、替代詞so的用法:1. So do I. 后者與前者相同,兩個不同的主語。2. So I do. 重復(fù)前面的內(nèi)容,同一個主語。3. I do so. 指代前面的內(nèi)容。4. So it is with如果前面是兩個或兩個以上的句

24、子,而且里面包含不同的人稱、數(shù)或時態(tài)等時,so可以替代從句中的that賓語從句下面的動詞,多用此種替代方法。5. 常用結(jié)構(gòu):Im afraid so. Im afraid not.I think so. I dont think so.I believe so. I believe not.I hope so. I hope not.I suppose / fear / imagine so. I suppose / fear / imagine not.I have been told so.四、such與so的不同用法:1. such置于冠詞之前,但常用在some / any / ever

25、y / many / all / no 之后。such an interesting book so interesting a bookno such thing / one such animal2. such + adj. +不可數(shù)名詞/名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式3. so many / few / much / little +可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞so many people / so little money / such a little girl4. such用于特殊結(jié)構(gòu)Such is our study plan.5. so that(目的/結(jié)果in case(沒有such thatsuch

26、as五、常用代詞辨異:1. one, ones, that, those, itone與ones可以用來代替前面提到過的可數(shù)名詞,one指單數(shù), ones指復(fù)數(shù)。one與ones既可指人也可指物,ones不可單獨使用,也不可用those,these直接修飾,但可用the修飾,或these + adj. + ones。one可代替可數(shù)名詞為中心的整個名詞詞組,而ones 不能。one不能加不定冠詞,除非中間有形容詞。one可單獨使用,作“任何人”解。that與those,that代替前面提到過的不可數(shù)名詞,those代替前面提到過的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。That,those后面跟定語從句時,關(guān)系代詞不能用t

27、hat。one和it都可以用來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)名詞。one代替這類東西的任何一個,it代替前面所指的特定的東西。2. no one, noneno one = nobody,只指人,不指物,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。no one沒有固定范圍,故其后不接of短語。none可接of短語。No one,nobody用于簡略回答時,不能用來對“How many”或“How much”做否定回答。e.g. Is there anyone who can do the experiment? No one.none表示三個或三個以上的人或事物中“沒有一個”或“任何一個都不”。表示不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語用單數(shù);表示可

28、數(shù)名詞時,單復(fù)數(shù)均可。none常用來對“How many”或“How much”做否定回答,也可對any + of 短語構(gòu)成的一般疑問句做否定回答。而no one用來回答“Who”引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。3. both, either, neitherboth兩者都,作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。作形容詞時,可直接修飾名詞,如有定冠詞the,物主代詞或指示代詞修飾名詞,需置both之后。both指兩個人或物,不可與單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)不清名詞搭配,只與復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配。either兩者中的任何一個,跟謂語動詞的單數(shù)。作形容詞用,只能和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,作案不定代詞時,可單獨使用,也可跟of短語。neither兩者

29、中無任何一個,用法同either。六、Repeat:1. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs.2. There are so many kinds o f books on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.3. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didnt help.4. I was disappointed with the film. I had expressed it to be much better.5. They were all very tired, but none of them would stop to take a rest.6. I hope there are enough glasse