英語(yǔ)考前復(fù)習(xí)透析中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)

1、透析中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)【時(shí)態(tài)命題趨勢(shì)與預(yù)測(cè)】時(shí)態(tài)是高考命題的重點(diǎn),.主要考查考生在具體語(yǔ)境、特殊語(yǔ)境中對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)以及完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查則是重中之重，故考生在掌握特殊情況下表達(dá)一般時(shí)的同時(shí)，應(yīng)更加注重進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)以及完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的運(yùn)用?！究键c(diǎn)詮釋】一、對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考查1考查其基本概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。通常與表示頻度的副詞如 often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally 等和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, every day / week

2、/ month / year, on Sundays 等連用。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示主語(yǔ)的特征、能力或狀態(tài)以及普遍真理?！究祭縏he woman and her husband _in the same office. 廣東省A. work B. works C. is working D. has worked答案A解析本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“這個(gè)婦女和她丈夫在同一個(gè)辦公室工作”。句中雖然沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但是可以從句意上看出是經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，故動(dòng)詞用原形work。2考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的替代用法：在由 when, after, before, until, till, as

3、soon as, the minute / second / moment, the next time 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中或由 if, so / as long as, once, even if, although, whetheror, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 【考例】-I'm sorry that John is out.-Please ask him to call me as soon as he_.成都市A. returned B. returns C. will

4、 return答案B解析考查以as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句。 以as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。二、對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time等。 有時(shí)句子中雖然不含表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而且與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系，也需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 【考例】一What did you do after

5、 school yesterday?一I _basketball with my friends北京市A play B played C will play Dam playing答案B解析由上句“昨天放學(xué)后你在干什么？”句意可知對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情詢問(wèn)，回答也應(yīng)用過(guò)去式。故選B。一Mr. Green，_you _Three Lanes and Seven Alleys(三坊七巷)last Sunday?一Nobut I'll visit them next week. 福州市 A will；go to B have；been to C did；go to Dhave；gone to答案C

6、解析本題是一個(gè)單純考查時(shí)態(tài)的題目。A項(xiàng)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，B、D兩項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，c項(xiàng)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句中有一個(gè)典型的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)"last Sunday"，類似這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，往往與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用，所以正確答案為C項(xiàng)。His family the zoo last week. 吉林省A. visit B. am visiting C. visited D. will visit答案C解析 由關(guān)鍵信息last week(表過(guò)去)可直接選C。三、對(duì)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)有多種表達(dá)法：1be going to do 表示計(jì)劃、安

7、排或有跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情。2“shall / will + do”單純表示將來(lái)，不含計(jì)劃、安排之意；有時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的臨時(shí)決斷。3be about to do sth 表示馬上就要發(fā)生某事，通常不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常用于be about to do.when. 結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“正要突然”。4某些主要用于表示動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如：come, go, leave, start, arrive, meet, move, sail, begin, fall, marry, publish, see, stay等，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，指的是按計(jì)劃安排或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事。5“be to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示預(yù)先安排

8、好的計(jì)劃或約定。6祈使句 + or / and + 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的并列句”句型中【考例】I the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow北京市A. will return B returned C have returned D return答案A解析 考查if引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句。以if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。-Mum, what are you doing?-Your uncle has come. I_ put an extra fork on the table. 太原市A. will B. have C.

9、would答案A解析本題重在考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法。從問(wèn)句"What are you doing"推知A項(xiàng)will最適合語(yǔ)境。-Look at the noisy kids!-Haven't you heard the saying "When the cat is away, the mice _. "?河南省A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play答案D解析諺語(yǔ)。固定用法。四、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或目前所處的狀態(tài)。有些動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事

10、情?！究祭縅ack has never been to Disneyland before，but he _there this summer沈陽(yáng)市A has been B is going C went Dgoes答案B解析 依據(jù)句意：“杰克以前沒(méi)有去過(guò)迪斯尼樂(lè)園，但今年夏天他打算去?！眎s going正在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，故選B。五、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法主要有兩點(diǎn)：1過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有yet, already, just, ever, never, now, before, lately, recently。2表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生，持

11、續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有today, this week, these days, so far, up to now, since, ever since, since then, by this time, for years / ages, for a long time, several times, in / over the past few years, “since + 過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻”,“for + 時(shí)間段”等。有時(shí)在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)?！究祭縃earing that she _the entranc

12、e exam to the university，F(xiàn)udy is thrilled青島市Ahas failed in B. is succeeded inCis failed in Dhas succeed in答案D。解析本題考查詞義辨析 由“聽(tīng)說(shuō)他成功地通過(guò)了考試，Judy非常興奮?！笨芍xD。It's raining! When did it start? 一I don't know exactlyIn fact，it _all this afternoon. 北京市 A1asts B has 1asted C1asted Dwill 1ast答案B解析考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。

13、從句意“事實(shí)上，已持續(xù)了整整一個(gè)下午了”，不難看出，不能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，此句中l(wèi)ast"持續(xù)”作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。從信息"all this afternoon"可知。-Are you going to see the film with us? -No, thanks. I _ it. 廣東省A. saw B. have seen C. see D. was seeing答案B解析本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境可推測(cè)句意“我已看過(guò)這部電影”，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。-Hello, this is Lily speaking. Coul

14、d I speak to Mr. Black?-Sorry. He _ the Xuanwu Lake Park. 南京市A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to答案C解析 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。have gone to(到某地去了，還沒(méi)有回來(lái))；have been to(去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)。Jane _. I'm waiting for her. 成都市A. came back B. has come back C. hasn't come back答案C解析考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后句句意：“我正在等她”可知

15、。6. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)解釋某種行為的原因。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)也可表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)?！究祭緿ick gave me a note while I _in the library一I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you黃岡市A are reading B was reading C reads Dwill read答案B解析 考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。while引導(dǎo)的句子，當(dāng)主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候·從句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。-I called you at half past nine this morn

16、ing, but there was no answer. -Oh, sorry. I _ with my cousin in the supermarket. 安徽省A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop答案B解析 此處意為你打電話的那個(gè)時(shí)候我正在超市，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。7.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.    Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. (江西)A. dont tell&

17、#160;       B. didnt tell      C. havent told     D. wasnt told答案：D命題立意：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法。試題解析：依據(jù)句意：對(duì)不起，但我不知道什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，I 和tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. (上海)A. pul

18、l down B. will be pulled downC. will pull down D. are pulled down答案：B命題立意：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。試題解析：由題干時(shí)間next year 科知識(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，句子主語(yǔ)是old houses ,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. (浙江) A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped答案：A命題立意：本題考查交際用語(yǔ)中時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。試題解

19、析：由Lets go to the Lost & Found.可知，說(shuō)明表丟失了。故選A。-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. (年湖北宜昌) A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite答案：B命題立意：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。試題解析：由Did you go to Sams weekend party?可知陳述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，I 和invite之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。- How often _ your school sports

20、 meeting _? (南通) - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold答案：C命題立意：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。試題解析：How often+一般疑問(wèn)句？此句型用來(lái)提問(wèn)在某一特定時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行某個(gè)動(dòng)作的次數(shù)，表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次”。往往針對(duì)頻度副詞如：always, seldom, usually, once a month,sometimes, every five minutes.等提問(wèn)，常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)。由題干your school sports meeting 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C

21、。On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. (泰州) A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold 答案：D命題立意：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。試題解析：由On May 30th, ,可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去；其主語(yǔ)是one bowl與sell存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" _ by many people as the best performance

22、 at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening. (徐州)A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards答案：A命題立意：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法。試題解析：依據(jù)題意： “千手觀音” 被許多人認(rèn)為是中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)最好的節(jié)目。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。其主語(yǔ)是The "Thousand- hand Guanyin"，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選A。Those eggs of different colors are very b

23、eautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. (杭州) A. paintedB. were painting C. were painted D. had painted答案:C命題立意：本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。試題解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主語(yǔ)是物，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)選C.。-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” -Sorry. (2004年襄樊市) A, has throw B, was thr

24、ow C, must throw D , must be thrown答案: D命題立意：本題考查含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。試題解析：依據(jù)句意：垃圾必須扔進(jìn)垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主語(yǔ)是垃圾，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！菊Z(yǔ)法回顧】一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用來(lái)表示每天、每周等經(jīng)常一直如此，長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作，其著眼點(diǎn)不在描述具體的動(dòng)作，而是通過(guò)提出不斷反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，來(lái)說(shuō)明某一真理或某一經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的舉動(dòng)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的幾種主要用法： 1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)、客觀存在的普遍真理、用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：often， usually，always，sometimes， seldom，ev

25、er，never，every day（week，month，year）， once a year，now and them，from time to time。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國(guó)東部。2）表示格言或警句Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　Ｗ⒁猓捍擞梅ㄈ绻霈F(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的

26、。3）表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常重復(fù)的或定期發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開(kāi)家。 We go to school every day except on Sunday.除星期天外，我們每天都上學(xué)。4）表示能力、性格、個(gè)性等。例如：I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。注意：1）表示“感覺(jué)”和“狀態(tài)”或“關(guān)系”等的動(dòng)詞（如be，like，love，ha

27、te，want，think，remember，find，sound，forget，refuse，see，allow，prove，have，matter，taste，look，feel）常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Carl and Wang Bing are students.卡爾和王斌是學(xué)生。In the evening I love sitting by the fire and playing my guitar.在晚上，我喜歡坐在篝火旁彈著吉他。2）有時(shí)用這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示“按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定，時(shí)刻表”要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中（都帶有時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：begin，come，lea

28、ve，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。例如：The meeting begins at seven.會(huì)議在七點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始。The train leave at 17:40.火車17：40離開(kāi)。3）書(shū)報(bào)的標(biāo)題、小說(shuō)、戲劇、圖片等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful中國(guó)宣布載人航天飛行圓滿成功Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow勞拉布什抵達(dá)莫斯科Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who ju

29、mps, catches and shoots it into the basket.弗朗西斯穿過(guò)去，把球傳給姚明，姚明跳起來(lái)，接住球投進(jìn)籃里。4) 在由if， unless， even if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和在由when， before， after， until， till， as soon as， by the time， each time， the moment， immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間。例如：I'll come to help you if I'm free tomorrow.如果我明天有空的話，我將幫助你。Un

30、less you try， you will never succeed. 你若不嘗試，就決不會(huì)成功。Next time I go there， I ' ll ask him about it. 下次我去那里時(shí)，我要問(wèn)問(wèn)他這件事。Please let me know immediately you get the results. 你一得到結(jié)果，就請(qǐng)馬上告訴我。I'll telephone you as soon as he comes back.他一回來(lái)我就打電話給你。When they leave school, they will go back to the count

31、ry.他們離校將去農(nóng)村。另外，還要注意其動(dòng)詞形式的變化。該時(shí)態(tài)主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s，be和have有特殊的變化形式。例表如下：構(gòu)成示例讀音說(shuō)明一般情況在詞尾末加-s ,包括以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞workworksrunrunsplayplays-在清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音后讀z在元音后讀z在以ch，sh，x，s等輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞末加-es，如詞尾為-e，只加-smissmissesfinishfinishesteachteachesloselosespledgepledges-es讀iz以o結(jié)尾的詞加-esgogoes-es在元音后讀z如詞尾為 e，只加-slov

32、eloveshatehatesmakemakes-s的讀音取決于 e 前的輔音，如該字母是清輔音，則讀s，如是濁輔音則讀z以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，在加-esstudystudies-ies讀iz在詞尾加-s時(shí)要按下表規(guī)則進(jìn)行:動(dòng)詞情況構(gòu)成方式例詞一般情況加-edplayplayed, workworked，looklooked以 -e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-dlivelived，hopehoped, arrivearrived以輔音字母 -y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i加-edstudystudied，crycried，replyreplied以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)輔音字母

33、加-edstopstopped，regretregretted，patpatted，nodnodded，dragdragged不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化（見(jiàn)附表）beginbegan，注意：以t，d結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-s讀作ts，dz，這兩個(gè)輔音音素。而不是四個(gè)。例如：wantwants， needneeds二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)

34、，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年時(shí)就養(yǎng)成了廣泛閱讀的習(xí)慣。We went swimming every day last summer.去年夏天我們每天去游泳。He often came to see me when I was in hospital.在我住院期間，他經(jīng)常來(lái)看我。3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到時(shí)間了" "該了"。例如：It is time for you to go to

35、 bed. 你該睡覺(jué)了。It is time that sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了" "早該了" ，例如It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。would （had） rather sb. did sth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來(lái)吧。I would rather you didn't do anything for the time being.我寧愿你暫時(shí)先不要采取什么措施。4）wish, wonder, t

36、hink, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs. Darby has lived in

37、Kentucky for seven years. （含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意： 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎？I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would。例如：Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？（3）在以as soon as，when，before，until引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及if條

38、件的狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句通常要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：We would not leave until the teacher came back.老師回來(lái)我們才會(huì)離開(kāi)。 She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告訴我如果第二天下雨的話，她就不去了。 三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)是由“will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的。shall只限于第一人稱，主要見(jiàn)于英國(guó)英語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在的趨勢(shì)是第一、二、三人稱的單復(fù)數(shù)形式均用will表示。在口語(yǔ)中，shall和will?？s寫(xiě)成“'ll”

39、，緊接在主語(yǔ)之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常簡(jiǎn)略為shan't 和won't。Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？When will you know your exam results? 你什么時(shí)候能知道考試結(jié)果？I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long.我看得出你很忙，所以我不會(huì)呆太久的。注意：在you and I或both of us等短語(yǔ)后，只用will，不用shall。You and I will arrive there next

40、 Monday.我和你下周一都要到達(dá)那里。Both of us will graduate from middle school next year.我們倆明年中學(xué)畢業(yè)。2）be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。a. 表示經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮與打算、按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：I ' m going to finish the report this afternoon.今天下午我將會(huì)寫(xiě)完這份報(bào)告。What are you going to do when you grow up？長(zhǎng)大以后你打算干什么？I ' m going to be a teacher. 我要當(dāng)一名教師

41、。The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。b.表示根據(jù)某種跡象推測(cè)出即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It ' s going to rain. 瞧那天上的烏云，天要下雨了。Watch out！We are going to crash！當(dāng)心！我們要撞車了！There is going to be a lot of difficulty in doing this. 做這件事會(huì)有許多困難。3）be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如：We are t

42、o discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。The new railway is to be opened to traffic on National Day. 這條新鐵路將在國(guó)慶節(jié)通車。We are to begin the experiment next month. 我們安排下個(gè)月開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)。4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：We are about to leave， so there is no time to visit him now.我們就要離開(kāi)，所以現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間去看他。He is about

43、to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來(lái),will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算旅行，你最好盡快作好準(zhǔn)備。Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit t

44、he new clothes on you in front of the mirror.既然你愿意脫了你的衣服，我們?cè)阽R子前面試一試新衣服。 be to do和be going to 區(qū)別 be to do表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）5）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) （1）下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arr

45、ive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時(shí)候開(kāi)？十分鐘后。（2）以here, there等開(kāi)始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來(lái)了。There goes the bell. = The bell is rin

46、ging. 鈴響了。（3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如：When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來(lái)后，讓他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫(xiě)信給你。（4）在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass.不要擔(dān)心這次考試，我確信你會(huì)通過(guò)的。I wonder what wil

47、l happen.我不知道將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。I don't think the test will be very difficult.我想這次測(cè)驗(yàn)不會(huì)太難。（5）用于“祈使句 + and /or + 陳述句”中Work hard and you will succeed.如果你努力，就會(huì)成功的。Go at once and you will see her.馬上去，你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她了。6）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái) 表示最近按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，它只限用于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：play， have， sleep， wear等， 或表示位移的動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)），如：go， come， leave， sta

48、rt， begin， move， drive， fly（乘飛機(jī)），go off， get to， arrive， return， see off， stay， take（帶走），take off（起飛）等，并常與表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow， next week， in a few days等。例如：We are having an English evening tonight. 今晚我們要開(kāi)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days time. 簡(jiǎn)和貝蒂準(zhǔn)備幾天后各自去度假。Where

49、 are you spending your holidays this summer？今年夏天你將在哪里度假？四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的表示形式為be+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，而助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的單數(shù)的變化而變化1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描述現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。具體地說(shuō)，以發(fā)言者發(fā)言的時(shí)刻為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，動(dòng)作在發(fā)言前不久開(kāi)始，在發(fā)言時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行。從時(shí)間上看“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻”，著眼于描述動(dòng)作。例如：We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。 2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于目前和目前階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。但從說(shuō)話時(shí)刻來(lái)看，該動(dòng)作未必一定正在發(fā)生（也許正在發(fā)生）。例如：We are having a wonderful

50、 time.我們（當(dāng)時(shí)）玩得很痛快。Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫(xiě)另一部小說(shuō)。（說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。） 3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)表示一個(gè)最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有一個(gè)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）用于這種情況的動(dòng)詞主要有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，lunch，return，dine，play，have，wear, get（to）等。例如：Bob is coming with me to the airport.鮑勃將同我一道到機(jī)場(chǎng)來(lái)。How long are you staying in Xi'an?

51、 你將在西安呆多久？We're having a holiday next Monday.我們將在下星期一放假。2）be+ dying ，表示“病?！薄凹磳⑺劳觥?。例如：He is dying.他快要死了。3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一個(gè)經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這時(shí)，或是為了表示一種感情（如贊嘆、埋怨、厭煩、批評(píng)、不滿等）或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)情況的暫時(shí)性。這時(shí)，可以與always, often等副詞連用。例如：How are you feeling today? 你今天覺(jué)得怎么樣？ （這比How do you feel today?更顯得親切些。）She is always thinking of hel

52、ping others.她總是想著幫助別人。（表示“贊揚(yáng)”）He is always borrowing money.他老是向別人借錢。（表示“厭煩”）4）有些表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不 能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞。這一類通常是表示感覺(jué)、感情、存在、從屬、思維等的動(dòng)詞。如：（）表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞：see， hear，smell，taste，feel， notice， look， seem， appear。例如：The apples taste good.這些蘋(píng)果嘗起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。This flower smells nice. 這花聞上去很香。Your suggestion sounds reasonable.你的建議聽(tīng)上

53、去有道理。（）表示感情的動(dòng)詞：hate， love， fear， like， want， wish， prefer， refuse，forgive；Your clothes need washing.你的衣服需要洗了。 How I wish I were a bird！我多希望我是一只鳥(niǎo)啊?。ǎ┍硎敬嬖跔顩r：be， exist， remain，stay， obtain；She still continues in poor health. 她仍然身體很差。Every day after finishing his homework, he goes on to do some rea

54、ding. 他每天做完作業(yè)后，都會(huì)繼續(xù)看會(huì)兒書(shū)。（）表示占有與從屬：have， possess， own， contain，belong， consist of，form； This backpack belongs to me.這背包是我的。（）表示思考、理解understand， know， believe， think， doubt， forget， rememberI don't think he will come tomorrow.我想他明天不會(huì)來(lái)。I still remember the days when we studied together.我還記得我們一

55、起學(xué)習(xí)的那些日子。注意 ：有時(shí)這些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可表示心理狀態(tài)的緩慢發(fā)展過(guò)程。She's understanding you better now. 她越來(lái)越了解你了。5）在由while引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞通常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)等）。例如：While you are resting, I will read you today's news.當(dāng)你休息的時(shí)候，我看你今天的報(bào)紙。While I was having my breakfast the morning post came.當(dāng)我正在吃早飯的時(shí)候，早班郵件送來(lái)了。6）如果句中有l(wèi)ook， listen等提示語(yǔ)，其后應(yīng)考慮使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Look! The children are flying kites over there.看！孩子們正在那邊放風(fēng)箏。Listen! Han Mei is singing an English song in the classroom.聽(tīng)！韓梅正在教室里唱英語(yǔ)歌。五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：該時(shí)態(tài)由be 的過(guò)去式“was（用于第一、三人稱單數(shù)）或were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1）概念：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3）