新編英語教程5Unit1-8課文及譯文參考

1、Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitti

2、ng it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容詞）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He wi

3、ll try always to getthe word that is completely right for his purpose.你見過一個(gè)笨手笨腳的男人往箱子上釘釘子嗎只見他左敲敲，右敲敲，說不準(zhǔn)還會(huì)將整個(gè)釘子錘翻，結(jié)果敲來敲去到頭來只敲進(jìn)了半截。而嫻熟的木匠就不這么干。他每敲一下都會(huì)堅(jiān)實(shí)巧妙地正對著釘頭落下去，一釘?shù)降住?語言也是如此。一位優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家譴詞造句上力求準(zhǔn)確而有力地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。差不多的詞，不準(zhǔn)確的短語，摸 棱兩可的表達(dá)，含糊不清的修飾，都無法使一位追求純真英語的作家滿意。他會(huì)一直思考，直至找到那個(gè)能準(zhǔn)確表 達(dá)他的意思的詞。The French have an ap

4、t （貼切的）phrase for this. They speak of “ le mot juste, ” （theexact word） the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous （一絲不茍的）writers,like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are manyand various; they are subtle （微妙的）and delicate （細(xì)膩的）in thei

5、r different shades（色調(diào)）of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely（正是，恰恰）what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of languageand a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of th

6、e process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someoneonce remarked: “ How can I know what I think till I see what I say” this sounds stupid, but there is a greatdeal of truth in it.法國人有一個(gè)很貼切的短語來表達(dá)這樣一個(gè)意思，即“l(fā)e mot juste

7、” , 恰到好處的詞。有很多關(guān)于精益求精的作家的名人軼事，比如福樓拜?；◣滋斓臅r(shí)間力求使一兩個(gè)句子在表達(dá)上準(zhǔn)確無誤。在浩瀚的詞海中，詞與詞之間有 著微妙的區(qū)別，要找到能恰如其分表達(dá)我們意思的詞絕非易事。這不僅僅是扎實(shí)的語言功底和相當(dāng)大的詞匯量的問 題，還需要人們絞盡腦汁，要觀察敏銳。選詞是認(rèn)識過程的一個(gè)步驟，也是詳細(xì)描述我們的思想感情并表達(dá)出來使 自己以及聽眾和讀者深刻理解的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。有人說：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法”這聽起來似 乎很離譜，但它確實(shí)很有道理。It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be re

8、warded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery （掌握）over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “ What sort of a man is so-and-so （某某 等） You begin: Oh, I think he s quite a nice chap （家伙）but he s rather and then you hesitate tryi

9、ng to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that you don t like, that constitutes （構(gòu)成）his limitation. When you find the right phrase youfeel that your conception of the man is clearer and sharper.尋找恰如其分的詞的確是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那個(gè)詞，我們就會(huì)感到很欣慰：辛勞得到了回報(bào)。準(zhǔn)確地用語言有助于我們深入了解我們描述的事物。例如，當(dāng)有人問你：“某某是怎么樣的人”你

10、回答說：“恩，我想他是個(gè) 不錯(cuò)的家伙，但他非?！苯又悛q豫了，試圖找到一個(gè)詞或短語來說明他到底討厭在哪里。當(dāng)你找到一個(gè)恰當(dāng) 的短語的時(shí)候，你發(fā)覺自己對他的看法更清楚，也更精確了。Some English words have a common root but are used in very different senses. Consider humanand humane（ 人道，仁慈的） , for example. Their origin is the same and their meaningsare related, but their usage is distinct.

11、Ahumanaction is not the same thing as a humaneaction. We cannot speak of a Declaration ofHumane Rights. - There is a weapon called ahumanekiller, but it is not ahumankiller.一些英語詞匯詞根相同而意義卻截然不同。例如human和humane,二者的詞根相同，詞義也相關(guān)，但用法完全不同?！?human action （ 人類行為）”和“ humane action （ 人道行為）”完全是兩碼事。我們不能說“人道權(quán)力宣言”，而是

12、說“人權(quán)宣言”。有一種屠殺工具叫“humane killer （ 麻醉屠宰機(jī)） ，而不是human killer （ 殺人機(jī)器） 。Wedon t have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry in language. A student, replying to an invitation to dinner, finished his letter:“I shall be delighted to comeand I am looking forward to the day with anxiety . ” Anxie

13、ty carries with it suggestions of worry and fear. What the writer meant was possiblyeagerness. Anxiety has some kinship（親屬關(guān)系） with eagerness but it will not do as a substitute（替代）in this context.語言中的壞手藝的例子在我們身邊隨處可見。有人邀請一名學(xué)生去吃飯，他寫信給予回復(fù)。請看他的信是這樣結(jié)尾的：“我將很高興赴約并滿懷不安（ anxiety ）期待著那個(gè)日子的到來?！?“Anxiety”含有煩惱和恐懼

14、的意味。作者想表達(dá)的很可能是一種翹首期盼的心情。Anxiety ”跟熱切期盼有一定的關(guān)聯(lián)，但在這個(gè)場合是不能等同的。The leader of a political party in Uganda wrote a letter to the Press which contained this sentenc e:烏干達(dá)一政黨領(lǐng)袖給新聞界的一封信中有一句這樣寫道：Let us all fight this selfishness, opportunism, cowardice and ignorance nowrife in Uganda and put in their place tru

15、th, manliness, consistency andsingularity of mind.讓我們打破這自私、投機(jī)、怯懦和無知充斥的烏干達(dá)，代之以真理，剛毅，堅(jiān)定和奇異的精神。This stirring appeal is spoilt by a malapropism in the last phrase, the word singularity.What the writer meant, I think, was singleness of mind, holding steadfastly to the purpose in mind, without being drawn

16、 aside by less worthy objects. Singularity means oddity or peculiarity , something that singles a man out from other men 這一激動(dòng)人心的呼吁被最后一個(gè)詞“奇異（ singularity ） ”的誤用破壞掉了。我猜想作者真正要表達(dá)的意思是思 想的專一，即抱定一個(gè)信念永不改變，咬定青山不放松，不被次要的目的干擾。而singularity指的是古怪，特性，是將一個(gè)人從眾多人中區(qū)分出來的那種東西。Without being a malapropism, a word may stil

17、l fail to be the right word for the writer s purpose, the “mot juste ” . A journalist, writing a leader about Christmas, introduced a quotation from Dickens by saying:即使沒有出現(xiàn)詞語誤用，這詞仍可能不是符合作者意圖的恰如其分的詞。一名記者在一篇有關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的社論中這 樣引出狄更斯的話：All that was ever thought or written about Christmas isimprisoned in this

18、sentence .Imprisonment suggests force, coercion （強(qiáng)迫）,as if the meaning were held against its will.It would be better to write contained or summedjp. Epitomized （集中體現(xiàn)） might do, though it is rather a clumsy-sounding word. Searching a little farther for the“mot juste ” wemight hit on the word distille

19、d （提?。?This has more force than contained or summed up Distillation suggests essence and we might further improve the sentence by adding this word at the beginning:任何有關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的想法和文字已經(jīng)被禁錮（imprisoned ） 在這句話中Imprisonment”暗示著強(qiáng)迫，威逼，這么一來似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含（contained ）或 歸結(jié)（summed up ）”就要好些?！备爬ǎ╡pitomized ） ”也行，盡管

20、聽起來有點(diǎn)僵硬。 稍微再用點(diǎn)心我們就能準(zhǔn)確地找到mot juste （恰倒好處的詞）”，那就是distilled ”.它比包含和歸結(jié)語氣更強(qiáng)。Distillation（提煉）”意味得到本質(zhì)（essence ）的東西。因此我們可以進(jìn)一步把這個(gè)句子修改為：The essence of all that was ever thought or written about Christmas is distilled in this sentence.所有有關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的想法和文字的精華都被提煉到這句話之中。English has a wide vocabulary and it is a very fl

21、exible language. There are manydifferent ways of making a statement. But words that are very similar in meaning have fine shades of difference, and a student needs to be alive to these differences. By using his dictionary, and above all by reading, a student can increase his sensitivity to these sha

22、des of difference and improve his ability to express his own meanings exactly.英語詞匯豐富，運(yùn)用靈活。一個(gè)意思有很多種表達(dá)方式。但是無論意思上如何相近的詞總是存在著些許區(qū)別。作為 學(xué)生就要敏感地意識到這些區(qū)別。通過查字典，尤其是通過閱讀，學(xué)生對這類細(xì)微差別敏感性將逐步增強(qiáng)，準(zhǔn)確表 達(dá)自己意思的能力也相應(yīng)提高。Professor Raileigh once stated: there are no synonyms, and the samestatement can never be repeated in a ch

23、anged form of words. This is perhaps too absolute, but it is not easy to disprove. Even a slight alteration in the wording of a statementcan subtly shift themeaning. Look at these two sentences: (1)In my childhood I loved to watch trains go by.(2)When I was a child I loved watching trains go by.羅利教授

24、曾經(jīng)說過：“同義詞是不存在的。句子用詞改變了，句子就不再是原來的意思了?！边@也許過于絕對, 但是很難駁倒。措辭稍有變更，意思會(huì)有微妙的變化?？聪旅鎯蓚€(gè)句子：（1）童年時(shí)候我喜歡去看火車開過。（2）當(dāng)我是個(gè)小孩子的時(shí)候我喜歡看火車開過。At fist glance these two sentences are exactly the same. But look more closely and you will see that there are very tiny differences. In my childhood is a shade more abstract than whe

25、n I was a child . Watching perhaps emphasizes the looking at trains a littlemore than to watch.This is a very subtle example, and it would be possible to argue about it, but everyone would at once agree that there is a marked difference between the next two statements: 乍一看這兩個(gè)句子的意思完全一樣。但仔細(xì)一看你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間存

26、在細(xì)微的差別。在我童年時(shí)候比當(dāng)我是小孩子的時(shí)候更加抽象。而看很可能比去看更強(qiáng)調(diào)看火車這一動(dòng)作。這個(gè)例子不是很明顯，可 能有待商榷。但每個(gè)人看了下面例子后一定馬上同意。兩者之間存在顯著區(qū)別。(1)He died poor.(2)He expired(斷氣、死)in indigent (貧困)circumstances.In one sense expired is a synonym for died and in indigent circumstances for poor, but when the whole statement is considered, we cannot main

27、tain that the two are the same. The change in words is a change in style, and the effect on the reader is quite different. It is perhaps easier to be a good craftsman with wood and nails than a good craftsman with words, but all of us can increase our skill and sensitivity with a little effort and p

28、atience. In this way we shall not only improve our writing, but also our reading.（1） 他死的時(shí)侯很窮。（2）他斷氣時(shí)窮困潦倒。在某種意義上， expired 是 died 的同義詞，in indigent circumstances 是 poor 的同義詞。但當(dāng)看整個(gè)句子時(shí)，我們就不能堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為兩句是一樣的了。措辭的變化往往意味著風(fēng)格的改變，并給讀者以不同的 感受。也許當(dāng)好一個(gè)譴詞造句的工匠比當(dāng)好一個(gè)與木頭釘子打交道的木匠要難一些，但是只要我們付出努力和耐心，我們就能提高自己的技能和敏感性。這樣我們不僅可以提高我

29、們的寫作能力，還可以提高閱讀能力。English offers a fascinating variety of words for manyactivities and interests. Consider the wide range of meanings that can expressed by the various words we have to describe walking, for example. We can say that a man is marching （行軍），pacing （起搏）,patrolling （巡 邏）,stalking （纏擾）,str

30、iding（大步），treading（踩水）,tramping （流浪），stepping out（走出去），prancing（昂首闊步），strutting（神氣活現(xiàn)），prowling（潛行），plodding （單調(diào)乏味），strolling（散步），shuffling（洗牌），staggering （驚人的），sidling （側(cè)身而行；悄悄貼近）,trudging（跋涉），toddling（蹣跚學(xué)步；東倒西歪地走），rambling （散漫），roaming （漫游），sauntering （參觀船上）,meandering （蜿蜒）,lounging （閑逛）,loitering（

31、游蕩）,or creeping（匍匐）.英語為各種活動(dòng)和嗜好提供了豐富多彩的詞匯。就那走路來說，通過我們擁有的各種各樣的詞語的意義范圍有 多么廣闊。我們可以說行軍，踱步，巡邏，潛進(jìn)，跨過，踐踏，重步走，蹦蹦跳跳地走，昂首闊步，高視闊步，徘 徊，沉重緩慢地走，溜達(dá)，曳足而行，搖搖晃晃地走，側(cè)身而行，跋涉，蹣跚學(xué)步，漫步，徜徉，漫游，閑蕩，悄 悄地走。(驚惶) when he learnsThe foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayedthat there are over 400,000 words in the Eng

32、lish language, without counting slang （俚語）. But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. They are not in current use. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 20,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12,000 to 13,000 words. It is

33、good to make your vocabulary as complete as you can, but a great deal can be said and written with a vocabulary of no more than 10,000 words. The important thing is to have a good control and commanobver the words you do know. Better know two words exactly than three vaguely. A good carpenter is not

34、 distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship（手藝） with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the“mot juste ” , the word that will hit the nail cleanly onthe head.即使不包括俚語在內(nèi)英語就有四十余萬單詞，這很可能讓學(xué)習(xí)英語的外國學(xué)生感到氣餒和沮

35、喪。但千萬不要灰心，因?yàn)槌^半數(shù)的詞已不再通用。就算大文豪沙士比亞也只使用了兩萬左右的詞匯。今天普通英國人的詞匯量在12000到13000之間。一個(gè)人的詞匯量當(dāng)然是盡量擴(kuò)大的好，但僅僅 10000的詞匯量就夠他說話寫字表達(dá)豐富的意義了。 關(guān)鍵是你要扎實(shí)地掌握你知道的單詞。粗略地認(rèn)識三個(gè)單詞還不如準(zhǔn)確地掌握兩個(gè)。衡量一個(gè)木匠的好壞并不在于 他擁有工具的數(shù)量多少，而是在于他運(yùn)用工具的技藝如何。同樣的，衡量一個(gè)作家好不好不能通過其認(rèn)識單詞的數(shù) 量，而應(yīng)通過其找到恰如其分的詞的能力。這個(gè)詞要不偏不倚正中要害，一言中的。UNIT 2 BEWARE THE DIRTY SEAS 當(dāng)心骯臟的海洋-杰弗里利恩

36、1Every year 100 million holiday-makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With one-third of the worlds tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted.每年都有一千萬的渡假者到地中海去度假，這里占去了世界旅游業(yè)的三分之一，是最受歡迎的度假勝地,但與此同 時(shí)，它也成了受污染最嚴(yán)重的地方。It has only 1 per cent of the wor

37、lds sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sluices its sewage, untreated, into the sea.雖然地中海僅占全球海洋面積的百分之一，但在它的海面上卻漂浮著全球海面一半以上的汽油和焦油。成千上萬的 工廠將

38、他們排放的有毒物質(zhì)傾人地中海，而且?guī)缀趺恳粋€(gè)靠地中海海岸的城市、城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村也都把未經(jīng)處理的污水 排到海里。The result is that the Mediterranean, which1nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill - thefirst of the seas to 2fall victim to 3the abilities and attitudesthat evoked around it. And the pollutiondoes not merely 4stifle the life of the sea -

39、it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores. 其結(jié)果導(dǎo)致孕育了高度文明的地中海周圍環(huán)境極其惡劣一第一個(gè)由于人們對其利用能力的增強(qiáng)和對其環(huán)境污染的忽視態(tài)度而受害的海洋。這種污染不僅使海洋生物感到窒息，而且對于那些居住在地中海周圍并喜歡游賞海濱的人 們也是一個(gè)威脅。不只是4_Typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, polio, viral hepatitis and food poisoning are endemic in the area, and there are periodic outbre

40、aks of cholera.傷寒、副傷寒、痢疾、小兒麻痹癥、病毒性肝炎和食物中毒是這個(gè)地區(qū)的常見病，并且還會(huì)引發(fā)階段性的霍亂。5一The mournful litany of disease is caused by sewage. Eighty-five per cent of the waste from the Mediterraneans 120 coastal cities is pushed into the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just

41、drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore.這一系列令人扼腕的疾?。ㄟ@種惡疾的反復(fù)）爆發(fā)是由下水道污水造成的。地中海的120個(gè)海濱城市中85 %的垃圾被傾人到供居民們和參觀者游泳嬉戲，釣魚的水域，而且，大多數(shù)城市直接將其廢物傾倒在海灘上，實(shí)際上 很少有像（嘎納）坎城和特拉維夫那樣用管道把廢物抽到離海岸半英里的地方。6.Less than 100,000 of Greeces four m

42、illion coastal people have sewage properly treated and Greece,as our map shows, is one of the cleaner countries of the northern shore.在希臘，生活在海濱城市的人有四百萬，但只有不到十萬的人將他們的污水進(jìn)行適當(dāng)處理。正如我們的地圖所 顯示的那樣，希臘還算是北方海岸比較干凈的國家之一。What does the author want to tell his readers in Paragraph 6SA: Hewants to tell his readers

43、in Paragraph 6 that because of main s irresponsibil ity and indifference towards environmental protection, Greece is rated one of the few cleaner countries of the northern shore.7The worst parts of the sea are the Israeli / Lebanon coast and between Barcelona and Genoa, which flushes out over 200 to

44、ns of sewage each year for every mile of its length.叫最糟糕的則要數(shù)以色列及黎巴嫩海濱和巴賽羅那與熱那亞之間的海洋部分，那里每年會(huì)向其海岸線的每一英里傾倒200多噸的污水。8 一 ,Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesnt take long forthese to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calcu

45、lated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk.一點(diǎn)也不感到驚奇的是，大面積的淺水區(qū)都滋生著細(xì)菌，而它們接觸到人并不需要花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間?；始易杂?醫(yī)院的威兼布魯佛特教授曾經(jīng)計(jì)算過任何到地中海游泳的人都會(huì)有七分之一

46、感染疾病的可能。其他科學(xué)家說這 種估計(jì)過高，但幾乎所有的人都同意游泳者是在冒險(xiǎn)。9An even greater danger 5lurks in the seductive seafood dishes that add muchinterest to holiday menus. Shellfish are prime carriers of many of the most vicious diseases of the areas.在那些誘人的、為假日的菜單增色不少的海鮮中還隱藏著一種更大的危險(xiǎn)。貝類水生物是本地區(qū)大部分惡性疾病最主要的攜帶者。10 -They often grow a

47、mid pollution. And even if they dontthey are frequently infected by the popularpractice of freshening them up - throwing filthy water over them in markets.他們通常在污染中生長，而且即使不是這樣，他們也會(huì)被“使它們變得新鮮一些”這一普遍做法所污染一在市場里它們身上被賣主撥上臟水以保持鮮活。11 .Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and

48、even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant 污水凈化廠.They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.工業(yè)也加重了地中海的污染。海岸線上，工廠密密匝匝，即使是最現(xiàn)代化的工廠也鮮有合適的污物處理設(shè)備。 他們對海洋造成的損害同污水造成的差不多。12Fifteen thousand factories 7foul the Italian Ligurian 6riviera. Sixty thousand pollute the Tyrrhenian Sea between Sard

49、inia, Sicily and the west Italian coast! The 8lagoon of Venice alone receives the 9effluents factories.15,000家工廠污染著意大利利古里亞的沿海游憩勝地。6, 000家工廠污染著撤丁島和西西里島之間的第勒尼安海，以及西部的意大利海濱！僅威尼斯的礁湖就遭受著76個(gè)工廠廢水的污染。13-More filth comes washing down the rivers from industries far inland. The PO and the Rhone are the dirties

50、t, followed by the Ebro and the Llobregat in Spain, by the Adige and the Tiber in Italy, and bythe. Nile.更多的污物來自于內(nèi)陸工業(yè)，自河流沖人到這里。波河和羅納河是最臟的，其次就是西班牙的埃布羅河、巴塞 羅那，意大利的阿迪杰河和臺伯河，再就是尼羅河。14-Thousands of tons of pesticides are blown off the fields into the sea, detergents from millions of sinks kill fish, and

51、fertilizers, flushed out to sea, nourish explosions of plankton which cover bathers with itchy slime.數(shù)千噸的殺蟲劑從田間流人海里；數(shù)以百萬的洗滌劑從洗碗槽中流出，毒死了海魚；被沖到海里的肥料，滋養(yǎng)了海里的浮游生物并使其數(shù)量激增，它們粘在游泳者身上，成為一層令人發(fā)癢的黏液。15-Then there is the oil - 350,000 tons pouring each year from ships, 115,000 tons more from industries round the

52、 shore. Recent studies show that the Mediterranean is four times as polluted by oil as the north Atlantic, 40 times as bad as the north-east Pacific.還有就是汽油一 每年有350,000噸廢油從船上倒人海里，還有 ns , 00 多噸來自于海岸周圍的工業(yè)。最近的研究顯示地中海的油污染是北大西洋的四倍，是東北太平洋的40倍。16Apart from the nine-mile-wide Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediter

53、ranean is10landlocked, virtuallyunable to cleanse itself. It takes 80 years for the water to be renewed, through the narrow, shallow straits, far too slow a process to cope with the12remorseless rush of pollution.除了九英里寬的直布羅陀海峽之外，地中海完全被陸地包圍，因此它實(shí)際上不具備自潔功能。因?yàn)楹{既窄且 淺，地中海需要80年才能完成水循環(huán)進(jìn)行自潔，這個(gè)過程太緩慢，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)跟不上無情的

54、污染大勢肆虐的進(jìn)程。17一Weak coastal currents keep sewage and industrial waste close to the shore and gently spin floating oil and tar towards the beaches. And the seas feeble tides can do little to help remove it.海邊的浪花無力地拍打著海岸，沖不走岸邊的污水和工業(yè)廢料，浪花輕輕地打著旋，把浮著汽油與焦油的海水 沖向海灘。18- ,0f course, the people of the Mediterra

55、nean have always used the sea for their wastes. The canalsof Venice, the waters of the Bosphorus and the sea off the Nile Delta have been health hazards for centuries.很自然，地中海的人們也總是利用海洋來處理他們的廢物。威尼斯運(yùn)河、博斯普魯斯海峽和尼羅河三角洲一帶 的水域，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來一直威脅著人們的健康。19fBut the population has increased round the shores to 100 mil

56、lion and a further 100 million tourists come annually. The population of the French and Italian rivieras trebles every summer.但是，海岸周圍的人口已增長到了l千萬，而且每年還有1千多萬旅游者來此旅游。每年夏天，意大利的沿海游憩勝地的人口呈三倍地增長著。20 -Three tourists visit the northern shore every year for every yard of beach. With the numbers of holiday-mak

57、ers expected to double in the next 20 years, it is hard for even the best treatment plants to cope.在北海岸平均每年每碼海岸就有三個(gè)觀光者。在今后 20年里渡假者的數(shù)量有可能會(huì)增加兩倍，到時(shí)即使是最 好的污水處理廠也很難應(yīng)付了。21 .The good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming together to work out how to save their common sea.但也有一個(gè)好消息：

58、地中海周圍的一些國家已經(jīng)聯(lián)合到一起正為拯救他們共同的海洋而努力工作著。22 -But it will be a long time before the measures they approved take effect in cleaning up the sea.但是離他們一致同意的凈化海水措施確實(shí)產(chǎn)生效應(yīng)之前還有很長的一段時(shí)間。Unit3 My Friends, Albert EinsteinHe was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity. Perhaps an anecdote will help. Once, caught in a downpou