新概念英語第三冊筆記第30課

1、幽靈之死Lesson 30? The death of a ghost?New words and expression 生詞和短語Labourer 'le?br? n.勞動者（工人）（勞工）-強(qiáng)調(diào)使用體力，而不是技能，在戶外工作。Workman n.技工，工匠-具有某種工藝技能的半熟練工人worker n.工人（泛指）-具有更高水平的工人-white-collar worker白領(lǐng)職員（指非體力勞動者）- blue-collar worker藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人（指體力勞動者） -a factory worker 工廠工人 / farm worker 雇農(nóng)，農(nóng)業(yè)工人 Manual worker

2、mental workerfarmhand （n.農(nóng)業(yè)工人，農(nóng)場工人） =farm labourers = farm workerlabour n. 1、勞動（尤指體力勞動）（可以以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)labours. very hard work, usually physicalwork）2 、（總稱）勞工3 、工作（任務(wù) task ;（一段時(shí)間的）工作period of work）4 、分娩（分娩期；分娩；生產(chǎn) ）Her labour had lasted ten hoursvi 1、艱苦勞動、干苦力活2、艱難的工作、吃力地行進(jìn)move with difficulty3、+to do 艱苦地做；

3、吃力地做If you?labour to?do something, you do it with difficultylabour force n. 勞動力 surplus labour【政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)】剩余勞動 （力），【經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)】剩余勞動's?:pl?s n. 剩余；貿(mào)易順差；盈余；過剩 adj.剩余的；過剩的labour party （勞）工黨 Conservative party 保守黨 Democratic party 民主黨 Republican party 共 和黨 division of labour 分工 labour union n. 美工會conserve vt. 1

4、、節(jié)??；節(jié)約 2 、保護(hù)；保存；保藏 to protect sth and prevent it from being changed or destroyedn.果醬；蜜餞Conserve的“保持、保存”有兩種含義，第一種含義含有為了節(jié)約而保護(hù)、保存的意思，例如：You can setthe temperature to 26 degrees centigrade in order to conserve energy.你可以把溫度設(shè)置成26攝氏度以節(jié)約資源。第二種含有為了讓某事物（一般指自然資源）不被改變或者不被破壞 而保護(hù)、保存的意思，例如： Government should enfo

5、rce laws to conserve wildlife animals in this area.政府應(yīng)該實(shí)施法律保護(hù)這個(gè)地區(qū)的野生動物。 preserve vt. 保存；保護(hù)；維持；腌；禁獵 n.保護(hù)區(qū)；禁獵地；加工成的食品；Preserve 的“保持、保存”也有兩種含義，第一種含義有維護(hù)、保持 （a situation or condition ） 某種狀態(tài)、質(zhì)量、權(quán)禾U的意思， 例如：She believed it 's the most important thing to preserve her reputation. 她認(rèn)為維護(hù)自己的名聲是最重要的事情。preserv

6、e peace維護(hù)和平。the preservation of the status維持現(xiàn)狀。第二種含義有 保留、保藏且維護(hù) 以不被破壞或者維持現(xiàn)狀 的意思,常常用作 被動語態(tài)，例如： The ancient vase was preserved well by the archaeologists.這個(gè)古代花瓶被考古學(xué)家保存得彳艮好。reserve n. 儲備，儲存；自然保護(hù)區(qū)；預(yù)備隊(duì)；金融 儲備金 vt. 儲備；保留；預(yù)約 vi. 預(yù)訂Reserve有“預(yù)定"的意思，即主動去要求"保留"，例如：I'd like to reserve a room to

7、night.我想預(yù)定一個(gè)今晚的房間。Reserve還常用作被動語態(tài)，表示為了留給后面的人或者為以后的使用而“保留、保存“， 例如： The refreshments are reserved for the guests.這些點(diǎn)心是留給客人的。Reserve 還能表示“擁有、保留、保持”權(quán)利和意見的意思，例如很多出版物上都會標(biāo)有“ All rights reserved ”，意 思是“版權(quán)所有”。簡單來區(qū)分的話，conserve強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)自然資源和節(jié)約資源，preserve強(qiáng)調(diào)不被改變和破壞，reserve強(qiáng)調(diào)留著備用。Overnight adv. 一夜期間Overnight n.頭天晚上adj

8、.通宵的,晚上的,前夜的adv.在前一夜,整夜，昨晚一晚上Adj&adv突然地；突然地 （由“一夜間”引申出）- -an overnight trip整夜的旅行 / an overnight guest 過夜的客人overpopulated? adj. 人口過密的，人口過剩的 oversea s adv.海外adj.外國的，海外的 over+ 動詞（over 表示超過） overeat vt.使吃過量vi.吃得過多oversleep vt.（ 使）睡過頭vi.睡過頭，睡得太久 overwork n. 過度工作 v.（使）工作過度overcharge v.討價(jià)過高，使過量裝填，過度充電n

9、.超載，過重的負(fù)擔(dān)，過度充電overestimate vt. 評價(jià)過高 n.估計(jì)的過高Hay he? n. 干草（作飼料用的）干草） vt把（青草、苜蓿等）制成干草固化短語：If you say that someone is making hay or is making hay while the sun shines曬草要趁好太陽；抓緊時(shí)機(jī)Corn k?:n n. 谷物、谷粒 -Corn n. 英谷物，五谷，小麥 美、力口、澳玉米 蘇、愛燕 麥 wheat wi:t 小麥 barley 'ba:li 大麥 rice 水稻 cereal 燕麥大麥就不是了，它的植株比小麥要高，麥芒長

10、，穗寬而短，不太高產(chǎn)。出的面粉面筋較多發(fā)粘。大麥在過 去多用作飼料。因?yàn)橛衩桩a(chǎn)量比打麥高很多，并且和小麥輪作（麥?zhǔn)辗N玉米，玉米收過種小麥）大麥與小 麥同季節(jié)，所以現(xiàn)在很少重大麥。谷物一詞的辨析grain gre?n 指稻、麥等谷類及其粒子。crop kr?p指谷物或果類等一年或一季的收成，也可指地里的農(nóng)業(yè)作物或谷物。（農(nóng)作物、莊稼）corn主要指大麥、小麥、燕麥、裸麥、玉蜀黍這5種谷物及其粒子。Moonlight n. 月光 月光男孩2017年奧斯卡最佳影片Conscientious ,k?n?'en?s adj. 認(rèn)真的 修飾人Someone who is conscientious

11、 is very careful to do their work properlyConscientious adj.認(rèn)真的，盡責(zé)的，有心的（憑良心的），自覺的（謹(jǐn)慎的）- -a conscientious worker勤勤懇懇的工作者conscious adj. 有意識的，神志清酉!的unconscious- -He is hurt but still conscious.他受了傷，不過神志還清醒。conscious adj. 了解的，察覺的- -She was not conscious of his presence in the room.她不曉得他在這房間里。- -I was co

12、nscious of her presence.我知道她在場。conscience 良知、良心Suspect v.懷疑 動詞讀作s?' sp ?kt。名詞和形容詞讀作s ?sp?ktv.懷疑；是理n.嫌疑犯 adj.靠不住的；可疑的Suspect sth - I suspected her motives.我懷疑她的動機(jī)。Suspect sb to be - suspect him to be ill猜想他病了 - I suspect him to be a spy.suspect sb of doing/n - I suspect him of stealing the car.-s

13、uspect sb. of giving false information懷疑某人提供假情報(bào)-suspect sb. of a crime懷疑某人犯罪Suspect that -We suspect they'll be a little late.我們揣想他們會晚來一會兒。Suspicion n. 猜疑，懷疑Suspicious adj.可疑的，弓I起懷疑的 -Cats are suspicious of human beings.Suspect表示一種肯定的語義，Doubt表示一種否定的語義Doubt vt.懷疑，不信，拿不準(zhǔn)(用that,往往表示非常懷疑)- -I doubt

14、that he will come.我看他不見得會來。- -I doubt whether if he is at home.我看他不一定在家。- -I do not doubt (but) that he can recite it.我相信他能把它背下來。- -I doubt what he said.我不相信他說的話。Doubtful adj. 懷疑的；不信任的- -It is doubtful that he will come.Doubtable adj.可疑的，令人懷疑的Desert v.(軍隊(duì)中)開小差 (for v.) d?'z?t; (for n.)'dez?t

15、V-T&V-I If someone deserts, or deserts a job, especially a jobin the armed forces , they leavethat job without permission.開小差(不及物時(shí)用介詞 from, desert from )-The soldier deserted his army.這個(gè)士兵開小差。道義、責(zé)任、信仰especially when you should not（research n.研究,調(diào)查）舍棄，放棄，背棄文學(xué)性Desert .遺棄，拋棄，舍棄（=abandon vt. 放棄，遺棄；違

16、背法律、-desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his familyAbandon vt.拋棄，舍棄，離棄（被迫放棄所喜愛的或所負(fù)責(zé)的東西） do so-abandon one's home 離棄家園-He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.Forsake f?'se?k vt.( 過去式 forsook過去分詞 forsaken )對象一般是親人或關(guān)系親密的人，或者是摒棄某種行為文學(xué)性;eg革除（舊風(fēng)習(xí)等）,拋棄（壞習(xí)慣） -He

17、 forsook his family.-He has forsaken his wife and children.他遺棄了 他的妻子和孩子。-You must forsake your bad habits.你必須革除你的壞習(xí)慣。Discard d?'skad vt.放棄,丟棄,拋棄(=give up as useless )If you discard something, you get rid of it becauseyou no longer want it or need 讓. 丟棄-Everyday we discard a large amount of rubbi

18、sh.Regiment n.（軍隊(duì)）團(tuán)（引申出量詞，一大批） 'red?m（?）ntbrigade 旅 division 師 Squad 班（小隊(duì)）platoonpl?'tu:n 排 company 連 battalion 營b?'t?l?n group army 集團(tuán)軍Action n. 戰(zhàn)斗 auction '?:k?（?）n vt.拍賣；競賣 n.拍賣Active adj.積極的；活躍的；主動的；有效的；現(xiàn)役的 n.主動語態(tài)；積極分子Activate vt. usu passive 刺激；使活動；使活潑；使產(chǎn)生放射性vi. 激活；有活力Initiate v

19、t. 啟動，開始，創(chuàng)始；發(fā)起；使初步了解（傳授） n.開始；新加入者，接受初步知識者M(jìn)otive n. 動機(jī)，目的；主題 adj.發(fā)動的；成為動機(jī)的vt. 使產(chǎn)生動機(jī)，激起Motivate v. 刺激，使有動機(jī)，激勵/激發(fā)一的積極性；成為的動機(jī)；（激起某種行為）Recluse r?'klu:s n. 隱士 n.隱士；隱居者 adj. 隱居的遠(yuǎn)離【世界】，過著【隔絕】生活，“常?！笔恰惊?dú)處】。-不一定是【宗教信仰】的原因，不一定是獨(dú)處（也許是小群體的與世隔絕的生活）；recluse的第2個(gè)含義，才是指修行者，和上面 hermit同。reclusive r?'klu?s?v adj

20、.隱居的；隱遁的hermit 'h?m?t n.（尤指宗教原因的）隱士，隱居者；蜂鳥強(qiáng)調(diào)的是遠(yuǎn)離【社會】，因【宗教信仰】而【獨(dú)處】的修行的人。還有些小的區(qū)別：recluse只用于人，而hermit可指動物的獨(dú)居習(xí)性；give up放棄，拋棄，認(rèn)輸labour n. 勞動，勞力，勞工 v.勞動，苦干cowshed n.牛棚，牛舍oblige ?'bla?d? vt. 迫使，責(zé)成 詞根：obligeadj. obliged必須的；感激的；有責(zé)任的obligate有責(zé)任的，有義務(wù)的；必需的obliging樂于助人的；有禮貌的；體貼的；親切的obligated有義務(wù)的；責(zé)無旁貸的n.

21、obligation 義務(wù)；職責(zé)；債務(wù) obliger施惠與人者v. obliged 要求；約束；施恩惠（oblige的過去分詞） obliging 迫使；約束（oblige 的現(xiàn)在分詞）vt. obligate使負(fù)義務(wù)；強(qiáng)使，強(qiáng)迫；對施以恩惠動詞oblige 和obligate詞形詞義均相似，但oblige 表示“迫使（某人做某事）"force sb to do sth,常用作被動語態(tài)；而 obligate 表示“（法律或道義）強(qiáng)迫“（某人做某事）”oblige or bind legally or morally, 可用作主動語態(tài)或被動語態(tài)。例句： She was obliged

22、 to go out to work when her husbanddied. 丈夫去世后，她不得不出去工作。They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay theirdebbts. 為了還債，他們不得不賣掉房子。The law obligates a fater to support his children.法律規(guī)定父親有撫養(yǎng)其子女的義務(wù)。He felt obligated to vist his parents.他覺得有義務(wù)去看望父母。1> It never occurred to them that 他們從來沒有想到過

23、2> penalty （ n.處罰，罰款）=punishment （ n.懲罰，處罰，懲處） desertion d?'z?n n.丟掉，遺棄，逃亡，開小差3> outbreak n.（ 戰(zhàn)爭的）爆發(fā)，（疾病的）發(fā)作bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋，隱藏4> army life = life in the army軍隊(duì)生活 school life = life in the school學(xué)校生活9> with time隨著時(shí)間的推移at the time 當(dāng)時(shí)，在那個(gè)時(shí)候 on time adv. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)at times adv. 有時(shí)，不時(shí)10> recrui

24、t r?'kru?t vt. vi. 招募，招收（新兵等） -to recruit new police officers招募新的警官吸收（新成員）-to recruit some new members吸收新成員conscript k?n'skr?pt n.被征入伍者，被征入伍的士兵vt.征募，征兵，征召（美語用draft ）-He was conscript into the army.Regiment n.團(tuán)，大群v.把.編組，把.編成團(tuán)，管轄 Regiment n. 軍團(tuán)- -The regiment was ordered to the front.這個(gè)團(tuán)被調(diào)往前線。

25、（常與of連用）大群；大量- -a regiment of ducks 大群鴨子Regiment vt. 管轄,嚴(yán)格控制- -Modern children don't like being regimented.現(xiàn)代的兒童不喜歡受嚴(yán)格的控制。11> hermit n. 隱士，隱居者12> realizing = become aware of never realizing = quite unaware ofText課文Why did the two brothers keep the secretFor years, villagers believed that E

26、ndley Farm was haunted.Haunt vt. 1、鬧鬼；（鬼魂常出沒于）2、（令人不愉快的事）縈繞在心頭，長期不斷地糾纏- -It is said that the public house was haunted.Haunt vt. 常去， 常至U （某地） =visit somewhere every often- -He haunted this cinema.The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox.Own = possessThey employed a few farmhands, but no on

27、e was willing to work there 10ng. Be willing to do = be ready to doEvery time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story.Every time = whenever弓I導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句- -Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.=Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.Farm labourers said that they alw

28、ays woke up to find that work had been done overnight.Wake up to find that 醒過來時(shí)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)- -He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a large crowd of people.- -He hurried to the post officeonly to find that it was shut.（表示遺憾的結(jié)果用only ）Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who

29、stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. claimed to do - -He claimed to have seen the puma.- -Seamen claimed to have seen monsters.See sb doing sth看見某人正在做某事Who引導(dǎo)非限定定語從句（lesson 08 ）- -These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a wa

30、rm welcome at Saint Bernard Monastery.stay up不睡覺，留在原地，原地不動（=not to go to bed ）=sit up 坐起，端坐，熬夜- -The boy sat up to see the film.Wait up for 等候著不睡- - Don' t wait up for me; I ' ll be home very late.burn the midnight oil 開夜車- -I have to burn the midnight oil to tonight to complete work.In time

31、, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.In time 最終，最后，終于 =at last=at length It became an accepted fact that變成了一個(gè)大家都接受的事實(shí)That引導(dǎo)同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明fact。- -It becomes an accepted fact that the puma is still at large.=Everybody had al

32、ready accepted the fact that the puma is still at large.Ghost 1、幽靈2、陰魂（指對壞事的記憶） holy ghost n. 宗圣靈ghost of a 絲毫，微量，一點(diǎn)兒（常在否定句中與chance , idea 連用，或與 smile 連用） ghost story鬼故事，神怪小說ghost town 鬼鎮(zhèn)；廢棄的城市 ghost image 鬼像；重像No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. So

33、meone else who had never been seen.This was indeed the case.A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died.Be astonished = be surprised 類似的詞：amaze, astound be astonished to do sth （可代替 do 的詞：see, learn, hear, find, know, discover）- -I am not surprised to see h

34、e is still as fat as before.Everyone went to the funeral, for the' ghost ' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brotherwho was supposed to have died as a young man. For（= as）引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，對主句補(bǔ)充說明。none other than = no other than不是另1J的,正是.（強(qiáng)調(diào)人）- -The man who spoke to her was none other than her hu

35、sband.和她說話的不是另1J人正是她丈夫。- -It was no other than my old friend.nothing else than 只不過，僅僅（強(qiáng)調(diào)事物）- -His failure was due to nothing else than his own careless.他的失敗不因?yàn)槠渌?，僅僅因?yàn)樗拇中?。A third brother又一位兄弟Was supposed = was thought - He was supposed to have died twenty years ago.After the funeral, Joe and Bob r

36、evealed a secret which they had kept for over Tfty years.Keep secret 保密 （=keep sth to oneself ）Reveal secret 揭露秘密（=make known ）- -The press reveal the scandal （n.丑事, 丑聞）（the press新聞界）- -He kept secret for a long time. = He kept it to himself for a long time.Eric had been the eldest son of the family

37、, very much older than his two brothers.Very much MuchHe had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War.Be obliged to do =be force to do 被迫做某事Feel obliged to do 有義務(wù)做某事 oblige ?'bla?d? vt. 迫使，責(zé)成 詞根：obligeadj. obliged必須的；感激的；有責(zé)任的obligate有責(zé)任的，有義務(wù)的；必需的obliging樂于助人的；有禮貌的；體貼的；親切的obligat

38、ed有義務(wù)的；責(zé)無旁貸的n. obligation 義務(wù)；職責(zé)；債務(wù) obliger 施惠與人者v. obliged 要求；約束；施恩惠（oblige的過去分詞） obliging 迫使；約束（oblige 的現(xiàn)在分詞）vt. obligate使負(fù)義務(wù)；強(qiáng)使，強(qiáng)迫；對施以恩惠動詞oblige 和obligate 詞形詞義均相似，但 oblige 表示“迫使（某人做某事）"force sb to do sth, 常用作被動語態(tài)；而 obligate 表示“（法律或道義）強(qiáng)迫“（某人做某事）”oblige or bind legally or morally, 可用作主動語態(tài)或被動語態(tài)。

39、例句： She was obliged to go out to work when her husbanddied. 丈夫去世后，她不得不出去工作。They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay theirdebbts. 為了還債，他們不得不賣掉房子。The law obligates a fater to support his children.法律規(guī)定父親有撫養(yǎng)其子女的義務(wù)。He felt obligated to vist his parents.他覺得有義務(wù)去看望父母。As he hated army life, he d

40、ecided to desert his regiment.When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war.He had been in hiding Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well.Fearing the authorities 現(xiàn)在分詞做原因狀語從句 Concealment n.隱藏，隱蔽，隱蔽處

41、in hiding（躲藏著的）=remain in concealment （隱藏著，躲著）- -He remained in hiding at home.His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action.The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob.The only other people who knew the secret 僅知道這個(gè)秘密的人The only other people who finished the work僅完成這項(xiàng)工

42、作的人They did not even tell their wives.When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding.They thought it their duty to （it 是形式賓語）- -I thought it very difficult to pass the examination.- -We all think it our duty to support our parents.動詞+賓語（形式賓語it ） +賓補(bǔ)（名詞、形容詞）+ to doAll these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.Quite unaware of 形容詞短語做狀語that引導(dǎo)同位語unaware adj. 不知道的，沒有覺察的（of, that）- -be unaware of the danger沒有覺察至 U危險(xiǎn)- -He was unaware that I was prese