【紅寶書】考研英語――考前模擬試題(第一套)

1、 b a o s h u .c o m(紅寶書 網(wǎng)上附贈2012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語模擬試題(第一套Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 pointsIt is acknowledged that the modern musical show is Americas most original and dynamic co

2、ntribution toward theater .In the last quarter of a century ,America has produced large 1 of musical plays that have been popular abroad 2 at home. 3 ,it is very difficult to explain 4 is new or 5 American about them ,for the 6 are centuries old . Perhaps the uniqueness of Americas contribution to t

3、he 7 can best be characterized through brief descriptions of several of the most important and best -known musicals .One of these is surely Oklahoma by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hamerstein .It burst 8 popularity in1943.Broadway audience and critics were 9 by its 10 ,vitality and excitement .This “new

4、 ”type of musical was 11 as kind of 12 theater in which the play ,the music and lyrics ,the dancing ,and the scenic background were assembled not merely to provide entertainment and 13,but to 14 in a single unifying whole to contribute to its unique feature .15 ,it meant that the songs and dances sh

5、ould 16 naturally out of the situations of the Story and play an important part in carrying the action 17 .In Oklahoma ,an American folk-dance style was organically combined with classical ballet and modern dance .It is right to say that the musical was a brilliantly integrated performance by the ta

6、lented dancers and singing actors .Oklahoma also marked a new 18 in the choice of story on which a musical is based .Writers and composers began to abandon the sentimentally picturesque or aristocraticsetting 19 more realistic stories in authentic social and cultural 20 .Oklahoma was based on a “fol

7、k ”whose story dealt not only with young love but also with the opening of the American West .1. A number B amount C quantity D numbers2. A better than B instead of C as well as D rather than3. A Therefore B Yet C Moreover D Thus4. A which B that C what D how5. A characteristically B particularly C

8、mainly D exactly6. A factors B ingredients C composers D facts7. A trait B feature C genre D style8. A with B into C out into D in b a o s h u .c o m 9. A struck B touched C moved D hit10. A vivacity B originality C creativity D dynamic11. A conceived B thought C believed D perceived12. A special B

9、peculiar C gross D total13. A variety B amusement C sundries D fun14. A mix B join C put D share15. A In other words B To sum up C On the contrary D Generally speaking16. A arise B derive C raise D originate17. A out B on C forward D through18. A direction B way C method D epoch19. A for B with C wi

10、thout D except20. A circumstances B context C situation D surroundingsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 pointsText 1The unwritten social contract betw

11、een companies and the communities that originally nurtured them has been broken. Gone are the days when owners and managers lived in the community.Capital has become mobile on an international scale. The new multi -national companies owe no “l(fā)oyalty ” except to a rather vague “shareholder base.” Thi

12、s new breed of employer is interested in short -term profits, and seeks out the lowest wages and least onerous environmental, health, and safety regulations.Companies are forced to pursue short -term financial results to satisfy investors. Those that choose to sacrifice these short -term results in

13、order to make long -term strategic investments in research and development open themselves up to attack by corporate raiders, and to possible devaluation of their stock.American manufacturing has thus lost its competitive edge by failing to invest adequately in new plants, equipment, research and de

14、velopment. Without such long -term investment, however, American industries are finding themselves forced to compete by becoming low -cost producers rather than growth -oriented and risk -takers.They are ignoring their most important asset, the accumulated skills and experience of the workforce. Man

15、agement in Japan, Germany and the Scandinavian countries see skilled labor as a valuable asset. By investing in, and partnering with, labor they have been able to displace U.S. manufacturers as the quality providers of high technology products.Having positioned themselves in this low -cost niche, ma

16、ny U.S. companies are ultimately b a o s h u .c o m forced to abandon their American employees as they move offshore to seek even cheaper labor. Those manufacturing jobs that remain in the U.S. are experiencing declining wages.Against this background it is not surprising that U.S. Manufacturing has

17、been characterized by poor labor relations and an “us -versus -them ” attitude on the shop floor.We need to find ways to bring back manufacturing jobs. If they can be created and retained, secondary service jobs will follow, and enough wealth will be generated to have a significant impact upon local

18、 economies. We need new kinds of manufacturing companies.This may sound like a dream, but in fact such companies actually do exist. They 're worker -owned companies whose ownership is vested in their workers. These workers live in the communities where their companies are located. It 's not

19、worker participation alone that leads to greater productivity. Rather, it 's holding real decision making power that drives worker -owners to make these ventures successful, according to studies tracked by the National Center for Employee Ownership (NCEO.Simply stated, worker ownership aligns th

20、e interests of the corporation with those of the community. This is not an untested hypothesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that worker ownership, coupled with a program of significant worker participation and involvement, substantially increases a firm 's productivity. Worker -owners are

21、 prepared to sacrifice short -term gains in favor of investments in capital expenditures, research and development, etc., which ensure a company 's long -term competitiveness.21. According to the text, which of the following is true ?A The relationship between owners and managers have changed.B

22、Companies today are based on investment from shareholders.C Many companies have abandoned long -term profits.D Companies pursue short -term profits will have their stock value increase.22. American industries, according to the text, _.A have a great superiority in international marketB are reluctant

23、 to be growth -oriented producersC possess advantages in workforceD top in high technology producers23. The word “niche” (Line 1, Para. 6 most probably means _.A marketB statusC characterD goal24. According to the text, the new types of companies _.A are invested by owners and workersB give workers

24、real decision -making powerC are more successful than their counterpartsD are still an assumption b a o s h u .c o m 25. The author 's attitude toward worker -owned companies is one of _.A strong disapprovalB reserved consentC slight contemptD enthusiastic supportText 2Alarmed by a 20-year decli

25、ne in student achievement, American schools are considering major upheavals in the career structure of teachers, school boards around the country are planning to abandon traditional salary schedules and single out outstanding teachers for massive pay rise.The idea is regarded with deep suspicion by

26、the United States biggest teachers unions, the National Education Association and the American Federation of Teachers. They say the creation of a cadre of elite teachers will sour professional relationships and encourage teachers to compete instead of cooperate; they also question whether a fair way

27、 can be devised to tell which teachers really do perform better than their colleagues.But heightened public anxiety about secondary education appears to have given the master teacher concept unstoppable political momentum. Florida and Tennessee are racing to introduce ambitious statewide master teac

28、her schemes before the end of the year. Less grandiose proposals to pay teachers on the basis of merit instead of seniority have already been implemented in countless school districts. And the Secretary of Education, Mr. Terrel Bell, recently promised substantial incentive grants to states which int

29、end to follow their example.Low pay is believed to be the single most important reason for the flight from teaching. The average salary of a teacher in the United States is just under $19,000, much less than that of an engineer ($34, 700 and not much more than that of a secretary ($16,500. To make e

30、nds meet it is common for teachers to take second jobs in the evening and in their summer holidays, and women, who used to make up the bulk of teacher candidates are turning to better paid professions.The unions insist that the answer to this problem is to increase the basic pay of all teachers, but

31、 most states would find that too expensive, they would be better able to afford schemes that confine pay increases to a small number of exceptional teachers. Champions of the idea say it would at least hold out the promise of high pay and status to bright graduates who are confident of their ability

32、 to do well in the classroom, but are deterred by the present meager opportunities for promotion.One of the first large -scale tests of this approach will come in Tennessee, where a year of painstaking negotiations has just overcome bitter union opposition to a wide -ranging master teacher scheme. T

33、ennessee promised that they will allocate $300 million as education budget. In return for a chance to earn bigger salaries and faster promotion, teachers will subject themselves to closer scrutiny.The Tennessee plan will make it harder for poor teachers to join the profession. Beginners will have to

34、 serve a probationary year before qualifying, and another three apprentice years before receiving tenure. Apprentice teachers who fail to reach a required standard will not be allowed to stay on. Survivors will be designated career teachers and given a chance to climb through three career rugs and e

35、arn bonuses of up to $7,000. Advancement will not be automatic. The b a o s h u .c o m performance of each teacher will be closely assessed by committees of teachers drawn from other districts.26. What support is the federal government offering to states that set up a master teacher scheme?A Substan

36、tial incentive grants.B Political support.C Bank loan .D $|300 million .27. Whats the purpose of the master teacher scheme?A To improve student performance .B To stop teachers leaving for better -paid jobs.C To provide incentives to excellent teachers.D To improve teacher performance.28. In the stat

37、e of Tennessee, how will teachers be assessed?A By student performance.B By their teaching time.C By their teaching achievement.D By committees of teachers from other districts.29. What is the main idea of the passage?A American master teacher scheme has been adopted.B American teachers leave for be

38、tter -paid jobs.C American teachers will go through strict assessment.D The American government adopted effective measures to stimulate the teachers.30. It can be inferred from the passage that the master teacher scheme . A will be welcome by all the teachers in other statesB will not be carried out

39、 smoothly in other statesC is questioned by the teachers unionsD is an ideal way to improve student performanceText 3Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary

40、English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save

41、time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these b a o s h u .c o m technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.Different

42、 occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of

43、borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philo

44、sophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary.Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much incr

45、eased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special di

46、scussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild.The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. F

47、urthermore, what is called “popular science” makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about itas in the case of the roentgen ra

48、ys and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.31.What is this passage primarily concerned with?A A new language.B Technical terminology.C Various occupations and professions.D Scientific undertakings.32.Special words used in te

49、chnical discussion .A may become part of common speechB should be confined to scientific fieldsC should resemble mathematical formulaeD are considered artificial speech33.It is true that .A the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language B various professions and oc

50、cupations often interchange their dialects jargonsC there is always a clear -cut non -technical word that may be substituted for the technicalwordD an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms b a o s h u .c o m 34.In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number

51、of technical terms in the nomenclature of .A farming B governmentC botany D fishing35.What is the authors main purpose in the passage?A To describe a phenomenon.B To argue a belief.C To propose a solution.D To stimulate action.Text 4Everybody wants to do something good for the nation right now. But

52、we should approach any “economic stimulus” from Washington with skepticism. President Bush has asked for a program between $ 60 billion and $ 75 billion, mostly based on tax breaks for business. House Republicans want even greater tax relief. Senate Democrats may push for more federal spending on se

53、curity-related public works and unemployment relief. Many of these measures may serve a public good. For example, we should build rail networks and improve security. But because the money comes from productive taxpayers, we should be prudent in spending it. And none of the proposals will stop the re

54、cession.The Sept.11 terrorist attack brought us strange days, but it didnt repeal history and experience. Old-time New Deal stimulus used heavy federal spending even running a deficit to offset the loss of private investment in a downturn. The idea was to “prime the pump” with public jobs and projec

55、ts to get people working again. It was an oversimplification of the ideas of British economist John Maynard Keynes, so its probably unfair that it was called “Keynesian”.Keynesianism went into hiding in the 1980s, when none of the old remedies could stop stagflation, and Ronald Reagan returned class

56、ical economics to the forefront of Washingtons policy. But many social democrats (called “l(fā)iberals” by the media still advocate government stimulus. Unfortunately, the post World War Two evidence suggests pump priming never arrived in time to seriously influence the business cycle. It took months or

57、 years for new programs to gain hold, and by that time the economy was already in expansion. Even in the Great Depression, Roosevelts alphabet-soup programs did little to provide long-term jobs or capital formation. Although the Depression started in 1929, one of its worst periods was 1936-37.Republican tax-cutting proposals come from a different history: Reagans tax reductions in 1981. These cuts did help the economy revive, but by freeing capital and increasing incentives rather than by giving a “stimulus”