2012高考英語精選備考試題（含詳解）閱讀理解

1、做好題，得高分，精選習題，真給力?。ǎ?012高考英語精選備考題庫系列（含詳解）閱讀理解（二）備戰(zhàn)2012高考，精選閱讀200篇，適合高三上學期使用，希望對大家有幫助。（2011年8月）Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or

2、 from the nearby fields.Components of SoilSoil is made up of a number of layers (層) , each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is known as the litter. It acts like a blanket，limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particl

3、es of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus (腐殖質), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matt

4、er. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to g

5、row，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada ，for example ，was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.Water Beneath the SoilSurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ，ponds, and rivers. Once in the soi

6、l or rock, it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(滲透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and m

7、inerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.Soil pHSoil can be acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed，and by the nature of the plants th

8、at grow and rot in it.The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal ，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned，gases are released into the air an

9、d then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases.語篇解讀本文是一篇科普文，介紹了土壤的構成與土壤的pH對于植物生長的影響。1The layer of soi

10、l that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called_.A. litterB. topsoilC. humus D. subsoil解析考查細節(jié)理解。根據文章第二段中的“The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant.which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients”可知給植物提

11、供必要營養(yǎng)的土層是topsoil layer。答案B2According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.D. Groundwater tends to carry away

12、 nutrients for plant growth.解析考查細節(jié)判斷。根據文章第二段中的“Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter.This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus”可知，并不是土層深，它的顏色就深。答案B3We can infer from the passage that the water table lies_

13、.A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layerB. in the subsoil layer above bedrockC. between the subsoil layer and bedrockD. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil解析考查細節(jié)理解。根據文章第四段中的“Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table.Under this is bedrock through which water cannot p

14、ercolate”可知water table是位于bedrock之上的一個土層，它是獨立存在的不屬于其他層，因此選項C正確。答案C4The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are_.A. rushed away into the riverB. cleaned and purified by waterC. destroyed and carried away by waterD. mixed with water and beco

15、me part of it解析考查詞義猜測。根據本句中的“.and carries them to deeper layers”可知營養(yǎng)物質是在被水溶解之后才被帶到更深的土層中去的。答案DThe latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success.Instead, it s purposeful practice.Top performers spend more

16、hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, sa

17、y, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self.It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday jo

18、in.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.Shed be a

19、ble to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and errorfocused. By practising in this way，she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into uncons

20、cious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the ou

21、tside, correcting the smallest errors，pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems how do I get characters into a room dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.The primary quality

22、our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics

23、 and what were “hardwired” to do. And its true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behavior.語篇解讀你依然認為天才由基因決定，認為自己不可能成為天才嗎？一項新的研究表明：成功并不取決于人的IQ，而是通過后天有目的的訓練得來的。1The passage mainly deals with_.A. the function of IQ in cultivati

24、ng a writerB. the relationship between genius and successC. the decisive factor in making a geniusD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction解析主旨大意題。這篇文章主要講了決定成功的主要因素并不是IQ，而是些后天的、有目的的訓練和努力。所以C項正確。A、B兩項不符合文章意思；D項不具體。答案C2By reading novels and writers stories, the girl could_.A. come to understand

25、the inner structure of writingB. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security解析細節(jié)判斷題。依據文章第二段的“This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.Shed be able to see new writing in deepe

26、r ways and quickly understand its inner workings.”可知A項正確。答案A3In the girl s long painstaking training process，_.A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performanceC. she acquires the magic of some great achievementsD. she comes

27、to realize she is “hardwired” to write解析細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段的“By practising in this way，she delays the automatizing process.Her mind wants to turn conscious，newly learned skills into unconscious，automatically perfomed skills.”可知B項正確。答案B4What can be concluded from the passage?A. A fuelling ambition plays a

28、leading role in one s success.B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.C. As to the growth of a genius, IQ doesn t matter, but just his/her efforts.D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.解析推理判斷題。文章主要講述：一個人的成功并不是由IQ決定的而是通過后天的努力訓練得來的。D項“重要的不是你是誰而是

29、你做了什么”符合文章主旨大意。答案D237 West Palmdale BoulevardFresno, California 93706AmToy CorporationSuite 15TransAm BuildingSan Francisco, California 94115November 20,2008Dear Sirs，As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for ElectroRobo seen in local media in California. Specifica

30、lly, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached to this letter)published the week of November 15.Children respond to your type of advertising in an immature way；that is, they are unable to understand how expensive some toys are for middleclass parents. Further, your product is violent in

31、 nature. Your advertisement gives children the impression that its fine to have“two guns and laser eyes. ”You also suggest that children need your toy to protect them“when you go outside. ”This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way

32、 that may harm our children.Sincerely yours，(Mrs.) Alma HernandezPresident, Parents for Nonviolent ToysEnc.Its Here ! Ready for You, Now ! Its ElectroRobo !Every boy dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true! ElectroRobo is the worlds first fully automatic robot

33、with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, ElectroRobo is like a friend at home. He can walk, talk, and even shake your hand! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him. Every boy needs ElectroRobo !Ask your Mom and Dad to buy ElectroRobo for your

34、birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon. Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, ElectroRobo!Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW! 語篇解讀本文是家長寫給一家玩具公司的一封抗議信，反對該公司有誤導傾向的廣告及有暴力傾向的產品。1What is the purpose of the letter?A. To complain about a broken toy.B. To op

35、pose the advertising.C. To order a gift for Christmas.D. To apply for a job in a toy company.解析推理判斷題。通讀文章可知，寫這封信的意圖是反對這家公司所做的具有暴力傾向和有誤導之嫌的廣告，故選B。答案B2Why does the writer of the letter feel that ElectroRobo is violent?A. It is controlled by radio waves.B. It is expensive to buy.C. It is 80 centimeters

36、 tall.D. It bears arms.解析事實細節(jié)題。由第二部分第一段倒數第二句He has two guns and laser eyes.可知這玩具持有武器。答案D3What does“Enc. ”at the end of the letter mean?A. Something attached to the letter.B. A complaint to the toy company.C. A hidden message.D. An encouraging response.解析猜測詞義題。由下面的附加廣告可以推出該詞的含義為“附文”。答案A4ElectroRobo c

37、an do all the following EXCEPT_.A. sitting downB. shaking handsC. talking D. walking解析事實細節(jié)題。由第二部分第一段倒數第三句描述該電動機器人的He can walk，talk，and even shake your hand！可知四個選項中只有A沒有提及，故選A。答案AIt was the first snow of winter an exciting day for every child but not for most teachers. Up until now, I had been able t

38、o dress myself for recess (課間休息), but today I would need some help.Miss Finlayson, my kindergarten teacher at Princess Elizabeth School near Hamilton，Ontario，had been through first snow days many times in her long career, but l think she may still remember this one.I managed to get into my wool snow

39、 pants. But I struggled with my jacket because it didn t fit well. It was a handmedown from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots

40、. In her calm, motherly voice she said, “By the end of winter, you will be able to put on your own boots. ”I didnt realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence.I handed her my boots and stuck out my feet. Like most children, I expected the adult to do all the work. A

41、fter much wiggling and pushing, she managed to get the first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too.I announced, “They re on the wrong feet. ”With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting the

42、m on again.Then I said，“ These arent my boots, you know.” As she pulled the offending boots from my feet, she still managed to look both helpful and interested. Once they were off, I said，“They are my brother s boots. My mother makes me wear them, and I hate them ！” Somehow, from long years of pract

43、ice，she managed to act as though I wasnt an annoying little girl.She pushed and shoved, less gently this time, and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet. With a great sigh of relief, seeing the end of her struggle with me, she asked, “Now，where are your gloves？”I looked into her e

44、yes and said，“ I didn t want to lose them, so I put them into the toes of my boots.”語篇解讀本文通過為小作者穿靴子的故事，描寫了老師的善解人意和小女孩的頑皮。1According to the passage, the little girl got_from her brother.A. the wool snow pants and the jacketB. the jacket and the bootsC. the jacket and the hatD. the boots and the glove

45、s解析考查細節(jié)理解。根據文章第二段中的“.my jacket because it didnt fit well.It was a handmedown from my brother.”與第四段中的“These arent my boots.They are my brothers boots.My mother makes me wear them”可知作者穿的是她哥哥的夾克與靴子。答案B2What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on?A. The gloves in the to

46、es of the boots.B. The slowness of the teacher.C. The wrong size of the boots.D. The unwillingness of the girl.解析考查細節(jié)理解。根據文章的最后一段的“I didnt want to lose them，so I put them into the toes of my boots”可知讓幫助穿鞋的老師費了那么多耐心與力氣的是藏在鞋子里的手套。答案A3It can be inferred that before the little girl finally went out to e

47、njoy the first snow of winter, the teacher had to help her put on her boots_.A. onceB. twiceC. three times D. four times解析考查推理判斷。從文章第三段與第四段可知老師要幫小作者穿四次鞋：第一次是穿錯了腳，第二次是脫下來重新穿上，第三次是作者說了“The arent my boots”之后，她又把鞋脫下來，當聽說是作者的媽媽非讓作者穿哥哥的鞋后，又把它們給作者穿上，第四次是聽說手套被放在鞋子里了，就又脫下來重新穿了一次(文中沒有點明，但可推出)。答案D4Which of the

48、 following sentences from the text BEST indicates that the teacher is very considerate?A. In her calm, motherly voice she said，“ By the end of winter.”( Paragraph 2)B. With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to. (Paragraph 4)C. .she still managed to look both helpful and interes

49、ted. ( Paragraph 4 )D. .she managed to act as though I wasnt an annoying little girl. ( Paragraph 4 )解析考查細節(jié)理解。經過多年的磨礪，老師每次給她穿鞋都是那么有耐心，好像一點也不把小女孩的頑皮放在心上，這足以說明老師很體貼人。答案DAn increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (歸因于) the global economic crisis awakening a

50、 public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at Al

51、evel were also up.Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his firstyear lectures which are open to students from all departments were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.“There are a large number of students who are not ec

52、onomics majors, who would like to learn something about it.One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hash t traditionally done，” he added.University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects.

53、 Nursing saw a 15% jump, with peoples renewed interest in careers in the public sector(部門), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children

54、 had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “Its possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that s financially wiser and better

55、 equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty. ”語篇解讀本文主要講述了金融危機下學生們開始更多地選擇與經濟有關的專業(yè)這一現象。1Professor John Beath s lectures are_.A. given in a traditional wayB. connected with the present situationC. open to both students and their parentsD. warmly received by economists解析事實細節(jié)題。從

56、第四段第二句話可知他把教學與當前的一些重大事件緊密相連，即貼近現實生活，故B(與當前的形勢相聯系)為正確答案。答案B2Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their_.A. greater stability B. higher payC. fewer applications D. better reputation解析事實細節(jié)題。從第五段最后可知在當前金融危機下這些公共部門的工作以其安全性和穩(wěn)定性吸引了求職者，故A(極大的穩(wěn)定性)為正確答案。答案A3In the opinion of most parent

57、s，_.A. economics should be the focus of school teachingB. more students should be admitted to universitiesC. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthenedD. children should solve financial problems themselves解析事實細節(jié)題。由倒數第二段的內容可知應該“加強關于經濟問題方面的教學”，答案為C。答案C4According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters _.A. wiser in money managementB. have access to better equipmentC. confident about