【高三英語】高考英語完形填空和閱讀理解的技巧及強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

1、【沖刺高考】高考英語完形填空和閱讀理解的技巧及強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第一部分：高考英語完形填空的技巧及強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(P1-15)一、設(shè)計(jì)思路和命題特點(diǎn)了解高考完形填空題的設(shè)計(jì)思路和命題特點(diǎn)對(duì)考生順利解題有著重要的指導(dǎo)意義。現(xiàn)行的全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科說明對(duì)做完形填空題的要求是“從所給的選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整這個(gè)要求反映了該題型的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它能夠多層次、全方位地考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的水平。因此，這一題型涉及的知識(shí)面廣，綜合性強(qiáng)，覆蓋面大，它不僅能真實(shí)反映出考生的語言知識(shí)水平，而且還能反映出考生的理解能力、邏輯推理能力以及綜合運(yùn)用語言、駕馭語言知識(shí)的能力。高考完形填空題一般

2、具有如下設(shè)計(jì)思路和命題特點(diǎn)：1、對(duì)邏輯意義理解能力的考查縱觀近幾年的高考完形填空題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)完形填空題對(duì)上下文語境理解的考查題幾乎占 整個(gè)題型的一半，這足以說明此類題在完形填空題中所占的比重之大。例：It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1. This was the beginning of another 2 day inNew York City. 3 this day was to be differ

3、ent.()1.A. jobsB.homesC.usesD. offices()2.A. workingB.hotC.sameD. ordinary()3.A. AndB.SoC.ButD. Thus2、對(duì)常用習(xí)語搭配和慣用法的考查這些重要的短語也是放在短文的語境中去考查，而不是簡單的記憶考查。例 1: Scientists are doing a research 1 her.()1. A. for B. by C. to D. on例 2： When she wants to be picked1 , Washoe points up with one finger.()1. A. out

4、 B. at C. on D. up3、對(duì)句式結(jié)構(gòu)或句型的考查特別是考查對(duì)復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)的分析理解，是備受命題人青睞的。例 1: Waiting 1 the crowded streets, on top of a 2110 stories high, wasstand 3. The food was still too high to be reached.()1. A. pull)2. A. problemB. seeB. positionC. eatC. foodD. reachD. ceiling()3. A. byB. onC. upD. withPhilippe.()1. A. f

5、orB. inC. byD. above()2. A. roofB. position C. wallD. building例 2： It was too high to1. After she considered the2, she got a tall box to4、對(duì)詞匯的意義與用法的考查有些小題，僅讀懂了全文還不能確定答案，還要準(zhǔn)確掌握詞匯的意義和熟練掌握詞匯的用法。尤其是詞匯的意義，對(duì)其內(nèi)涵、外延、褒貶、修辭色彩等都要有所了解和積累，要善于在具體的語境中分辨詞匯的具體意義，切忌望文生義。例 1： She went from room to room, checking, and

6、found her camera and spare watch 1.()1. A. losing B. missing C. leaving D. disappearing例 2： Washoe found a 1 pole. Then she climbed onto the 2; grasped thepole, and 3 down the food with the pole.()1. A. straightB. strongC. longD. big()2. A. wallB. boxC. ceilingD. pole()3. A. knockedB. shockC. tookD.

7、 picked5、對(duì)通篇理解、全方位思考問題能力的考查這主要包括兩個(gè)方面：有時(shí)候根據(jù)小題本身不能確定答案，似乎幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都正確。其實(shí)，正確的答案在上文已 有信息提示。例：1 was heard outside as the 2 fell to the floor and the hand was pulledback.( )1. A. A sad voice B. A strange noise C. A warning shout D. A sharp cry( )2. A. keyB. kettleC. door-lockD. wire還有一些題目需要根據(jù)下文的暗示才能確定答案。這種暗示有時(shí)

8、是直接的，即直接出現(xiàn)正確選項(xiàng)的單詞；有時(shí)是間接地，考生要根據(jù)內(nèi)容來推斷正確的答案。例 1 ： This daring Frenchman was about to World Trade Center.()1. A. throw B. walk例 2： Once she was put in a 1()1. A. cave B. zoo1 a tight rope between the two towers of theC. climb D. fixwith food hanging from the ceiling.C. roomD. museum2、 答題技巧完形填空的體裁多是夾敘夾議的

9、文章，題材則是以生活哲理、啟迪勵(lì)志的內(nèi)容為主，也有時(shí)是社會(huì)問題。在通讀時(shí)，首先要看懂短文的第一句。此句常是該段，甚至是該文的主題句，點(diǎn)出了全文的主題，對(duì)準(zhǔn)確理解全篇有舉足輕重的作用。一般來說，此句是沒有空格的完整句子，不會(huì)被考生誤解。在通讀全文的過程中，可跳過空格，不必太注意細(xì)節(jié)，明白文 章的大意即可。此外，還應(yīng)抓住文章的脈絡(luò)，掌握了文章的脈絡(luò)也就清楚了作者的思路，對(duì)理清上下文之間的關(guān)系及解題大有幫助。另外，還可以借助文章中出現(xiàn)的特殊詞來理解作者的觀點(diǎn)和思路。比如，連接上下文，使前后句連貫通順的連詞、副詞及某些詞組，往往可以幫助判斷句子之間句子各成分之間的 邏輯關(guān)系。這類詞有表并歹U的and,

10、 or 等， 表遞進(jìn)的 moreover, besides, furthermore, what ismore, in addition, as well as 等， 表轉(zhuǎn)折的 but, yet, however, otherwise, nevertheless 等。1、上下求索-尋信息前面空格的提示很可能在文章的后半部分出現(xiàn)，后面空格的提示也有可能在前面出現(xiàn)。充分利用上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句，這些詞可能是同義詞或反義詞。例 1: Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very.

11、A. deepB. highC. coldD. dangerous例 2： Mrs. O ' Neill asked questions and she didn ' t scold us either.A. noB. certain C. many D. more2、左顧右盼-找搭配答題時(shí)注意力不能只集中在一個(gè)句子上，一定要左顧右盼，要多從內(nèi)容上考慮問題，完形填空幾乎沒有一道題是死考語法規(guī)則的。例：Here' s a fellow who just walkedinto a bank and helped himself so much money.A. forB.

12、byC. toD. of3、思前想后-通全文選擇答案時(shí)，一定要考慮到此選項(xiàng)不但使所填處句子意思正確，而且要讓整個(gè)句子在全 文中講得通。例：It has been many years since I was last in London,I still remember somethingthat happened during that visit.A. andB. forC. butD. as4、務(wù)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，辨別差異注意固定的搭配，包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的答案。例： Soon I heard a like that of a d

13、oor burst in and then a climb of feet.A. soundB. cryC. voiceD. shout5、看清執(zhí)行者，確定所選詞有時(shí)句子看似說得通，但如果忽略主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則容易選錯(cuò)答案。例： And video cameras can be used to people ' s actions at home.A. keepB. make C. recordD. watch6、了解生活常識(shí)，確定正確選項(xiàng)命題人出某些題目的意圖就是考查學(xué)生的生活常識(shí)，這就要求學(xué)生不要兩耳不聞窗外事”。例：Immediately the offices jumped

14、 into their cars and rushed to the hospital.()A. animalB. biggestC. plant D. nearest3、 干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置在完形填空中，命題人總會(huì)設(shè)置一些干擾項(xiàng)，這是令廣大考生感到頭疼的事情。要想正 確把握解題思路，就得了解干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置規(guī)律并有效地排除它們。1、設(shè)置信息干擾在完形填空里，命題人會(huì)設(shè)置多方面的信息，有的與所填的空格有直接關(guān)系，有的有間接關(guān)系，有的可能沒有關(guān)系，屬于干擾信息。例： Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 1 connected to

15、loss of international 2.(community) . But it does affect our future 3 (as) a democratic nation and as individuals.()1. A. exclusively B. practicallyC. shortlyD. directly2、設(shè)置語法干擾在完形填空中，也有考查語法運(yùn)用的選項(xiàng)(雖然數(shù)量很少)，因此考生要充分利用平時(shí)所學(xué)的詞匯知識(shí)分析單詞(組)的使用范圍，動(dòng)詞的及物、不及物以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)等 知識(shí)，全面衡量所有選項(xiàng)，排除干擾。例： When Ed first phoned an

16、d 1 we play, I laughed quiet ly ()A. declared B. mentioned C. persuade D. suggested3、設(shè)置習(xí)慣用法和詞語辨析干擾完形填空對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩方面。習(xí)慣用法是英語中某種固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，即所謂的勻語”，不能隨意改動(dòng)。在眾多習(xí)語中，介詞扮演著最活躍的角色，其次是副詞。所以，我們平時(shí)應(yīng)掌握好習(xí)慣用法。詞義辨析題有增加的趨勢。要做好這類題，就得有較大的詞匯量和較強(qiáng)的詞語搭配能力、詞語辨析能力，特別是在特定的語境中靈活運(yùn)用它們的能力。例：The lecture on smoking w

17、as over at last. As we were rushing towards the playground, Jim slipped by the table. The watch, which Mrs. Smith had 1 (laid) on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared.We were 2 to go back for class again when the headmaster called us 3 (together) and said,"I' ve got a little(jo

18、b) for you boys ”()2. A. aboutB. ableC. sorryD. sure4、設(shè)置語篇標(biāo)志干擾語篇一般指比句子長的語言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語被稱為語篇標(biāo)志”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語篇標(biāo)志語有：secondly, thirdly, finally 等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有： thus, therefore, so等；表示改變話題的有： by the way 等； 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的有： besides, what ' s more, furthermore 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的有： before, sofar, yet,

19、 meanwhile, later等。在做完形填空題時(shí)，如果能充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志語，就可以 迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。7例：1 the daily cycle of sleeping and 2 (waking), we also have other cycles which3 (last) longer than one day.()1. A. WithB. As well as C. Except D. Rather than5、設(shè)置文化背景和生活常識(shí)干擾高中英語教學(xué)大綱中規(guī)定努力使學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中，增進(jìn)對(duì)于國外文化，特別 是英語國家文化和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的了解完形填空題的

20、基礎(chǔ)形式是獨(dú)立的語篇，它以自身的 內(nèi)容提供完整的語篇信息，但其中有時(shí)交織著、滲透著相關(guān)的常識(shí)和知識(shí)，如文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、科學(xué)知識(shí)等。在做題時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以 運(yùn)用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會(huì)簡化分析與判斷的過程。例： When the papers were 1, she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the samemistakes throughout the test.()A. examined B. completely C. markedD. answered6、設(shè)置上下文線索干擾例

21、： The 1 (story) of the snowman has been around for 2. Climbers in the 1920sreported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of M ount Everest Over the years, the story of the Yetis has 3 (continued). In 1951, Eric Shipton took photograghs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest(

22、)2. A. centuries B. too long C. some time D. many years7、設(shè)置思維定勢干擾例：It isn' really true that he was too 1 (lazy) to work - in fact he had tried a few 2 (jobs). First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to 3 at least 6 windows.()2. A. rubB. drop C. breakD. clean8、設(shè)置作者對(duì)人

23、物或事情的褒貶性干擾第一遍通讀時(shí)，應(yīng)在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，著重尋找反映語境褒貶性 的標(biāo)志性詞語或句子，這些標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子往往對(duì)文章的語境褒貶性起著決定性的作用。例 1: When Ed first phoned and 1 (suggested) we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an2 (easy) victory. After all, Ed' s 3dea ofexercise) has always been nothingmore 4 (effort-making) than lifting a fork to

24、his mouth. 5 (As long as) I can remember, Ed ' s been the least physically fit member in the family, and 6 proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers.()6. A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly例 2： I was so surprised that I was 1. My

25、cousin must have made an effort to get himselfinto shape. 2.(As a result), at the point in our game when I' d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in myfavor, it was 3.(instead) 7 to 9 - and Ed was 4 (leading).()1. A. nervous B. curious C. careless D. speechless完形填空強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1Mrs. Jones was ove

26、r eighty, but she still drove her old car like a woman half her age. She loved driving very fast, and was proud of the fact 1 she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished 2 a driving offence (犯規(guī)，犯法 ).Then one day she nearly 3 her record. A police car 4 her, and the policemen in

27、it saw her 5 a red light without stopping. Of course, she was stopped. It seemed 6 that she would be punished.7 Mrs. Jones came up to the judge, he looked at her seriously and said that she was 8 old to drive a car, and that the 9 why she had not stopped at the red 10 was most probably that her eyes

28、 had become weak 11 old age, so that she had simply not seen it.When the judge had finished what he was 12, Mrs. Jones opened the big handbag she was 13 and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she 14 a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at her first attempt.When she had 15 done th

29、is, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed 16 the needle and the thread to the judge, saying,17.N (swpipissyouryou drive a car, and that you are qui te sure about your own eyesight.”The judge took the 18 and tried to thread it. After half a dozen tries, he had still not succeeded. Th

30、e case 案例)against Mrs. Jones was_19, and her record 20 unbroken.()1. A. whichB. whenC. thatD. this()2. A. aboutB. onC. toD. for()3. A. keptB. wonC. missedD. lost()4. A. watchedB. afterC. followedD. ran after()5. A. passB. goC. runD. rush【沖刺高考】高考英語完形填空和閱讀理解的技巧及強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練()6. A. sure)7. A. BeforeB. indeedB.

31、 WhileC. certainC. UntilD. perhapsD. When()8. A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite()9. A. causeB. reasonC. matterD. trouble()10. A. lightB. lampC. signD. one()11. A. withB. becauseC. forD. of()12. A. speakingB. sayingC. talkingD. telling()13. A. holdingB. gettingC. carryingD. bringing()14. A. tookB. broughtC.

32、 pickedD. chose()15. A. almostB. hardlyC. successfullyD. successful()16. A. bothB. allC. neitherD. either()17. A. timeB. turnC. chanceD. job()18. A. threadB. glassesC. needlesD. needle()19. A. dismissedB. passedC. settledD. studied()20. A. wasB. keptC. seemedD. remained2When Dave was eighteen, he bo

33、ught a secondhand car for 200 so that he could travel to and from work more1 than by bus. It worked quite well for a few years, but then it got so old, and it was costing him 2much in repairs that he decided that he had better 3 it.He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly 4 to bu

34、y a cheap car, but they all knew that it was falling to pieces, so 5 of them had any desire to buy it. Dave's friend Sam saw that he was 6 when they met one evening, and said, “ What's7 , Dave? ”Dave told him, and Sam answered,haWbkojwadvertising it in the paper? You may8_ more for it that w

35、ay than the cost of the advertisement!” Jhinkinwsthat Sam'ssensible(合理的),he put an advertisement in an evening paper, which read“ For sale: small car,10_ very little pet rol, only two owners. Bargain at 50.”For two days after the advertisement first appeared, there was no 11 . But then onSaturda

36、y evening he had an enquiry(詢問).A man rang up and said he would like to _12 him about the car. " All right, " Engveappiy, fee asked the man whether ten o'clock the next morning would be 13 or not. " Fine, " the man said, 14 " andylwife. We intend to go for a ride in it t

37、o 15 it.”The next morning, at a quarter to ten, Dave parked the car in the square outside his front 8【沖刺高考】高考英語完形填空和閱讀理解的技巧及強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練door, 16 to wait there for the people who had 17 his advertisement. Even Dave had to 18 that the car really looked like a wreck ( 殘骸).Then, soon after he had got the car as

38、 clean 19 it could be, a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out. He looked at Dave's car and then said,“ Have you reportedtohiss yet, sir? ”()1. A. directly2. A. soB. safelyB.suchC. properlyC. veryD. easilyD. too()3. A. keepB. repairC. sellD. throw()4. A. anxiousB. luckyC. as

39、hamedD. generous()5. A. someB. neitherC. noneD. most()6. A. delightedB. upsetC. calmD. astonished()7. A. onB. upC. itD. that()8. A. learnB. missC. getD. find()9. A. messageB. adviceC. requestD. description()10. A. usesB. losesC. hasD. spends()11. A. doubtB. helpC. troubleD. answer()12. A. tellB. see

40、C. agreeD. call()13. A. exactB. suitableC. earlyD.late()14. A. followB. meetC. bringD. introduce()15. A. recognizeB. gainC. admireD. test()16. A. happeningB. meaningC. turningD. failing()17. A. readB. insertedC. answeredD. placed()18. A. forgetB. showC. disagreeD. admit()19. A. asB. thatC. soD. such

41、()20. A. bargainB. saleC. accidentD. result3The word “ plastic" comes from the Greek word“Platicoswhich can be easily shaped.“ and_is1used to describeThe history of plastics is longer than you might 2 .In fact 3 man-made plasticsever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago. It

42、 was called（賽璐“celluloid璐)”.It was discovered by both an Englishman and an American in the same year. 4 it was the Americans who first produced it on a large scale during the year 1860.Everybody was 5 by this new material which could be moulded ( 用模子做)into shapes and 6 so cheap to buy.Poor young men

43、 7 in cities with lots of smoke and dirt were 8 to buy white celluloid collars ( 領(lǐng)子).The collars were hard and uncomfortable. But they did not have to be sent to wash. The poor young men 9 .rub them clean every evening with soap and water! Poor mothers,10 had not been able to afford playthings 11 th

44、eir children, were now able to buy them playthings12 of celluloid. But celluloid had one very serious fault. It caught fire very easily. In fact it burned even more quickly than wood or cloth. There were many terrible accidents, particularly 13 children. For years scientists worked hard to find a be

45、tter plastic material than celluloid. They had 14 success. Then in 1932 an American scientist called Baekeland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn. 15 became known 16. bakelite (酚醛塑料).Other plastic materials like bakelite were 17 produced. They 18 to make electrical fittings and plat

46、es and cups. Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and safe, but rich people 19 . them because they were cheap, and because they could only be made 20 dark colours.()1. A. somethingB. everythingC. thingD. anything()2. A. wishB. thinkC. wantD. hope()3. A. firstB. at firstC. for the firs

47、tD. the first()4. A. SoB. ButC. AndD. As()5. A. surprisedB. excitedC. toldD. frightened()6. A. beB. wereC. wasD. is()7. A. waitingB. runningC. walkingD. working()8. A. goingB. sureC.aboutD. able()9. A. couldB. ought toC. mustD. should()10. A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that()11. A. forB. likeC. inD. of()1

48、2. A. doneB. producedC. workedD. made()13. A. betweenB. onC. amongD. about()14. A. muchB. great.C. neverD. little()15. A. The manB. HeC. ItD. The scientist()16. A. asB. withC. byD. to()17. A. alreadyB. stillC. alsoD. yet()18. A. usedB.hopedC. were usedD. had()19. A. took B. lovedC. enjoyed D. dislik

49、ed()20. A. inB. byC. fromD. of4In order to be a success in the American business world, you must“ get along " with peoYou must learn to conduct yourself in such a way 1 you earn the affection and respect of others. 2 we have already pointed out, Americans 3 business and pleasure. Therefore, lea

50、rning how to 4 informally can be a help with your American business 一 5. Americans like to talk about a 6 of different topics sports, politics, cars, popular movies and television shows and personal interests. Many large American cities have sports teams. If you are 7 with Americans in the United St

51、ates, it would be a good idea to 8 out about the local sports teams so that you can 9 in the almost inevitable discussions about “ how our 10 will do this year ” .Politics can bea topic unless everyone is of the same mind12 . Limit your discussions to asking questions of your friends. MostAmericans

52、are 13 owners and some are even obsessive about the subject. You can contribute 14 talking about cars you have owned or by 15 information you have read in automotive magazines. Americans watch television almost every night and attend movies regularly,16 naturally television shows and the 17 movies b

53、ecome topics for discussions. If you are unable to 18 American television or attend American movies, reading the _ 19 section of such magazines as Time News week will keep you up to date on 20 is popular in America.()1. A. whichB. whereC. asD .that()2. A. WhileB. SinceC. AsD. Because()3. A. mixB. en

54、joyC. likeD. manage()4. A. conductB. appearC. behaveD. chat()5. A. friendsB. effortsC. contactsD. companies()6. A. bitB. totalC. groupD. number()7. A. meetingB. workingC. livingD. playing()8. A. findB. learnC. goD. stay()9. A. workB. participateC.succeedD. break()10. A. groupB. businessC. companyD.

55、team()11. A. commonB. sensitiveC. special.D daily()12. A. politicallyB. economicallyC. professionallyD. personally()13. A. houseB. carC. businessD. land()14. A. toB. towardC. byD. through()15. A. collectingB. sharingC. gatheringD. analyzing()16. A. soB. thereforeC. thusD. hence()17. A. interestingB. excitingC. excellentD. latest()18. A. witnessB. lookC. watchD. glance()19. A. entertainment B. sportsC. businessD. movie()20. A. w