建設工程專用詞匯

1、back arch 拱背back elevation 后視圖back facade 背面back painting 底面涂漆back pressure 背壓力back saw 手鋸back siphon age反虹吸能力back square 曲尺back surge 逆哩back to back houses 背對背房屋back up block 支撐塊back up wall 背墻back view 背視圖back water 回流backbone 構架backer board 背襯板backfill 回填backfill compactor 回填土壓實機backflow barrier

2、逆止閥background heating 背景供熱background noise level 背景噪聲級backhoe pull shovel反向鏟鏟土機backhoe shovel 反向鏟鏟土機backhouse 后屋backing brick 背襯磚backing coat 底面涂層back plastered construction 背面抹灰的構造backstay anchor 拉霜定backwater jump 逆柳動backwater structure 滯水構造物backyard 后院bacteria bed 生物濾池bacteria filter 生物濾池badger 管道

3、清理器badger plane 槽刨bedizen嵌填膏泥baffle beam 遮護梁baffle diffuser 導鈴式擴散器baffle paint 覆面漆baffle pier 消力柱baffle plate 隔板baffle wall 擋水板墻bag cleaning device 袋裝粉塵凈化裝置bag conveyor 袋輸送器bag dam 袋狀壩bag filter 濾袋式濾清器bag of cement 水泥袋baggage elevator 運行李電梯bagworm裝袋工作bail handle 橫木把手baked brick 燒結磚baked enamel finis

4、h 燒搪瓷裝修bakelite cement 酚醛尸水泥baking 燒成balance pressure 平衡壓力balance storage 平衡貯水池balanced cantilever method 平衡懸臂架設法balanced construction of plywood 膠合板平衡結構balanced draught 平衡式通風balanced earthworks 填挖平衡的土方工程balanced erection 吊掛裝配balanced flue 吸引力配平的煙道balanced flue heater 平衡煙道熱風供熱設備balanced gate 平橫閘門bal

5、anced load 平衡負載balanced moment 均衡矩balanced reinforcement 均衡配筋balanced ventilation system 平衡通風系統(tǒng)balancing 平衡蝶balancing of stresses 應力平衡balancing reservoir 第水庫balcony 陽臺balcony door 陽臺門balcony exterior exit 陽臺應急出口balcony slab 陽臺板balcony window 陽臺窗balk 粗木方ball 球ball bearing 滾珠軸承ball clay 塊狀粘土ball grind

6、er 球磨ball joint 球窩接頭ball jointed rocker bearing 球頸支承ball lock 球形閘門ball mill 球磨ball room 舞ball test 落球試驗ball valve 球閥ballast 鎮(zhèn)重物ballast concrete 石碴混凝土ballast covering 道床層ballast crusher 道碴軋碎機ballast pit 碎石料坑balloon frame construction 輕捷骨架結構baluster 欄桿柱baluster of a staircase 摟梯欄桿balustrade 欄桿bamboo c

7、oncrete 竹筋混凝土bamboo filament 竹絲band 帶band better lumber 一級鋸材band chain 帶鏈band filter 帶式過濾器band iron 帶鐵band saw 帶鋸band screen 帶形篩bandstand 舞臺bank 堤bank measure 實土方bank protection dam 護岸堤bank protection structure 護岸結構bank protection work 護岸工程bank revetment 護岸bank run gravel 岸漣礫bank sloping 斜面整理banked

8、up water level 壅水水位bank head橫堤banking 筑堤banquet room 宴會廳banquette 人行道bar 桿bar arrangement drawing 布筋圖bar bender 鋼筋彎具bar bending machine 鋼筋彎具bar cropping machine 鋼筋切斷器bar cross section 鋼筋橫截面bar cutter 鋼筋截斷器bar frame 骨架bar grizzly 棒柵篩bar list 鋼筋表bar slope 斜撐斜度bar spacers 鋼筋定位卡bar spacing 配筋間距bar stres

9、s 拉桿應力bar system 桿系barbed nail 刺釘bark 勝barn 倉barrack 茅屋；臨時棚屋barrack for dwelling 臨時性木住房barrage 欄河壩barrage power station 欄河壩發(fā)電廠barrel 桶barrel of cement 水泥桶barrel roof 筒形屋頂barrel theory 筒體理論barrel vault 圓筒形穹窿barricade 壁壘barricade lantern 路欄提燈barrier railings 柵欄barrier shielding 護柵欄barrier wall 空腔壁barr

10、ow 手推車barrow run 手推車道basalt sand 玄武巖砂bascule bridge 開河橋base 基礎base bid 投標base coat 底涂層base course 基層base flow 基流base line 基線base of a column 柱基礎base plate 支承板base wall 地下室墻baseboard 踢腳板baseboard heating 踢腳板供熱baseboard radiator 沿踢腳板鋪設的散熱器basement 底層basement extension 屋外地下室部分basement floor 地下室層basemen

11、t house 有地下室的房屋basement wall 地下室墻basic brick 堿性磚basic design 基本設計basic floor area 基本層樓板面積basic funds 基本資金basic hydrologic data 基本水文數據basic items of work 工啄基本項目basic load 基本載荷basic production cost 基本生產費用basilica 長方形建筑物basin 水庫basin for shipping 港水域basin lock 水池閘門basket handle arch 三心拱Basque飾面bat 磚坯ba

12、tch 分量batch box 量斗batch counter 拌合計數器batch feeder 投料機batch heater 配料加熱器batch mixer 間歇式拌和機batch of concrete 混凝土的分批拌合量batch of mortar 灰漿的分批拌合量砂batch weights 每批拌合重量batched water 拌合水量batcher 計量器batching by volume 按體積配合batching cycle 分批周期batching tower 配料塔batch meter計量器batch meter control 分批配料控制器bath 澡盆b

13、ath house 澡堂bath trap 浴盆存水彎bathing beach 游泳場bathroom 浴室bathroom equipment 浴室設備bathroom tile 浴室瓷磚batten 小方材batten cleat 加勁板條batten door 板條門batten plates 板條batter 斜坡batter pile 斜樁battering 向前傾斜battery cyclone排架式氣旋battery garages 獨立間式汽車庫baud lot cooler 表面冷卻器baud lot evaporator 表面蒸發(fā)器badge博熱粗厚呢bay 跨度bay

14、bridge 港灣橋bay window 凸窗beacon 信標燈塔bead plane 型刨beam 梁beam anchorage 梁端錨固beam and girder construction 治梁梁格結構beam and girder framing 治梁梁格結構beam and girder slab 交梁平板beam and slab floor 梁板式樓板beam aperture 梁口beam bottom 梁底beam calculation 梁計算beam ceiling 露梁平板beam column connection 梁柱接合beam construction 梁

15、構造beam deflection 梁的撓曲beam defluxion梁的撓曲beam design formula 梁計算公式beam flanges out of square 梁翼歪斜beam forms 梁模板beam grid 梁格柵beam grillage 梁格柵beam hangers 梁托beam on elastic foundation 彈性地基梁beam sides 梁側面beam steel 梁鋼筋beam to beam connection 梁間結合beam to beam moment connection 梁間剛性結合beam to column conne

16、ction 梁柱結合beam vibrator 震動梁式振搗器beam with overhangs 懸臂梁beamless slab construction 無梁樓板結構bearable load 最大承受負荷bearer 承木bearing 軸承bearing bar 支撐鋼筋bearing bed 承載層bearing block 承重塊bearing capacity 承載能力bearing carrier 承載構件bearing course 承重層bearing length 支承長度bearing partition 承重隔墻bearing pile 承重樁bearing pl

17、ate 承重板bearing pressure 支承壓力bearing stress 支承應力bearing structure 承載結構bearing support 軸承座bearing surface 支承面bearing test 承載試驗bearing wall 承重墻bearing wall construction 承重墻構造beau montage填料beautification 美化beauty 美麗beauty parlor美容室bed 底盤bed and joint width 層間接縫寬度bed closet 吊折床的壁棚bed groin 填積堤bed joint 平

18、縫bed load trap 底砂收集器bed mortar 灰漿層bed of brick 磚底盤bed of mortar 灰漿層bed of sand 砂底盤bed plate 底座板bed plate foundation 床板基礎bed roughness 河床粗糙度bed scour 河床沖刷bedding value 地基系數bedroom 臥室bedroom furniture 臥室家具bedside cabinet 床邊綢behavior in service 使用狀況behavior of structure 結構工狀況bell 鐘bell end 承口bell mouth

19、 承口bell tower 鐘樓belled out pile 下端被擴口的灌樁belled up pile 下端被擴口的灌樁bellow framed door 折疊式門bellows seal 波形密封below ground tank 地下貯藏罐belt conveyor 帶形運輸機belt course 帶狀層belt stress 環(huán)形應力belt type bucket elevator 斗式提升機belt type concrete placer 帶式混凝土澆注機belt type water strainer 帶式濾水器bench mark 水準點bench test 試驗臺試

20、驗bend 彎曲bend test 彎曲試驗bending 彎曲bending analysis 彎曲解析bending bench 鋼筋彎曲工專bending failure 彎曲破壞bending line 彎曲線bending machine 彎曲機bending moment 彎矩bending moment coefficients 彎矩系數bending moment diagram 彎矩圖bending point 彎曲點bending press 壓彎機bending schedule 彎鋼筋表bending strength 抗彎強度bending stress 彎曲應力be

21、nding tensile test 彎曲張力試驗bending theory 彎曲理論bent bar anchorage 彎筋錨固bent frame 排架bent member 彎曲構件bent pipe 彎管bent reinforcement bar 上彎鋼筋bent up bar 上彎鋼筋betonies膨潤土betonies mud 膨潤土泥漿betonies slurry 膨潤土泥漿beam臺坎berth 系船場berthing facilities 系船場設施bionic金屬混凝土bevel 斜面bevel board 斜角板bevel siding 互搭斜角板beveled

22、 glass 斜邊玻璃bezantee 圓盤花飾bi level 錯落式住宅biaxial stress 雙軸應力bid 投標behold door 雙褶門bifurcation 分歧點big city 大城市bilateral symmetry 兩側對稱bilinear diagram 雙直線圖表bill of materials 材料清單bimoment 雙彎矩bin 料倉bin type retaining wall 倉式擋土墻binder 膠合劑binding material 結合劑binding of stones 石砌體的結合binding rafter 承椽梁binding r

23、einforcement 結合鋼筋binding wire 綁札用鋼絲bio filter 生物濾池biofilter 生物過濾器biological control 生物學控制biological monitoring 生物檢驗體biological sewage treatment 污水生物處理biological shielding concrete 生物屏蔽用混凝土bionical architecture 仿生建筑biparting door 雙向滑動門bipod 安裝用人字架birch 樺樹bird eye view 鳥瞰圖bishop 手錘bitumastic 瀝青灰膠bitum

24、astic paint 瀝青涂料bitumastic sealer 瀝青瑪締脂填縫料bitumen 瀝青bitumen boiler 地瀝青煮器bitumen macadam 瀝青碎石路bitumen slip coating 瀝青滑瀉表面處理涂層bitumen tar binder 焦油瀝青粘合料bituminated filler 瀝青處理的填料bituminizing 瀝青浸漬bituminous cements 瀝青膠結料bituminous coating 瀝青涂層bituminous concrete 瀝青混凝土bituminous felt 瀝青油毛氈bituminous gro

25、ut 瀝青灰漿bituminous mixing plant 瀝青拌和裝置bituminous plastic cement 含瀝青塑性膠泥bituminous putty 瀝青油灰bituminous waterproofing 瀝青防水bivalent heat pump system 帶有兩種熱源的熱泵系統(tǒng)black varnish 黑色假漆blacksmith welding 鍛焊blacksmiths shop 鍛工車間blacktop 瀝青路blade paddle mixer 葉片式拌和機blaine test 布萊因氏細度測定blank wall 沒有門窗的墻blank win

26、dow 假窗blanket 絕緣板blanket grouting 鋪蓋灌裝blast 送風blast area 爆炸區(qū)域blast coil 鼓風熱交換器blast furnace 高爐blast furnace cement 礦碴水泥blast furnace gas 高爐煤氣blast furnace slag 高爐渣blast furnace slag aggregate 高爐礦查骨料blast gate 空氣閥blast hole 爆破孔blast resistant construction 防爆結構blasting 爆破椎blasting agent 爆炸劑blasting ca

27、p 雷管blasting machine 引爆器bleaching 漂白bleaching agent 漂白劑bleb 氣泡bleed pipe 噴出管bleeder valve 排氣閥bleeding 泌漿blending 混合blending bin 摻拌斗blind drain 地下排渠blind flange 盲板琺蘭blind hoistway 無中間出口的升降機豎井blind nailing 暗釘blind wall 無窗墻blister 起瘡bloater 膨脹劑bloating 膨脹bloating agent 膨脹劑block 預制板；街區(qū)block construction

28、 單元結構block cutting machine 塊料切割機block foundation 塊形基礎block house 木屋block making machine 壓塊機block mould 塊材模型block of city 城市區(qū)段block paving 塊料鋪砌block plan 區(qū)劃圖blockboard 木芯板blockwork 預制砌塊blotchy appearance 斑污現(xiàn)象blotter coat 侵吸層blow 打爆blow bending test 彎曲沖輝驗blow down branch 排污支管blow gun 噴粉器blow off valve

29、 排出閥blower 吹送器blown out concrete 蜂窩形混凝土blueprint 藍圖blueprint drawing 藍曬圖blueprint paper 藍曬圖紙board and batten 板和板條board room 董事室board type insulant 板狀絕緣材料board walk 木板人行道boarded partition 木板壁boasting 粗塹石頭boatswains chair 高處工專腳手板bobble breakwater 氣動防波堤body brick 優(yōu)質燒透磚body coat 涂料修飾層body of masonry 圬工體

30、bog drainage 沼澤地排水boiled oil 熟煉油boiler 鍋爐boiler accessories 鍋爐附件boiler brickwork 爐墻工作boiler efficiency 鍋爐效率boiler evaporating surface 鍋爐蒸發(fā)表面boiler fixture 鍋爐附屬設備boiler flow temperature 鍋爐瘤水溫度boiler grate 鍋爐爐蓖boiler heating surface 鍋爐受熱面boiler house 鍋爐房boiler incrustation 鍋爐水垢boiler plant 鍋爐設備boiler

31、plate 鍋爐鋼板boiler power 鍋爐性能boiler room 鍋爐房boiler unit 鍋爐設備boiler water 鍋爐水boiling 沸騰boiling point 沸點boiling water method 沸水方法bolt 螺栓bolt sleeve 螺栓套筒bolted connection 螺栓連接bond 砌合bond area 附著面積bond course 粘結層bond failure 粘著力破壞bond plaster 粘結灰泥bond strength 粘合強度bond stress 粘結應力bond zone 膠合區(qū)bonded grave

32、l screen 被耦合的礫石濾網bonded post tensioning 粘結后張bonded tendons 灌漿的bonder header 錨石bonding adhesive 膠粘劑bonding admixture 粘結摻合料bonding cement 粘結膠泥bone glue 牛骨膠book shop 書店boom 起重臂boom angle 起重機吊桿的斜角度boom derrick 吊桿轉臂起重機boom hoist 伸臂式起重機booster 升壓器booth 小室bootstrap system 余熱利用系統(tǒng)border heating 周邊輻射供熱border

33、line 界線bore hole 鉆孔bore pit 鉆探坑bore well filter 鉆井過濾器bored pile 填充樁bored well 鉆井borehole 鉆孔borehole casing 鉆孔套管borehole pump 鉆井泵borer holes 蛀孔boring 鉆孔boring machine 鉆探機born city 新興城市borrow pit 取土坑borrowed light 采用光botanical garden 植物園bottom chord 底弦桿bottom chord stress 下弦桿應力bottom discharge opening

34、 底部卸料孔bottom fiber 底部纖維bottom flange 下翼緣bottom gate 底卸式門bottom hinged ventilator 下折翼氣窗bottom intake 底取水口bottom layer of the reinforcing steel 底層鋼筋bottom of foundation 基礎底面bottom pipe distribution 下分式管分配bottom rail 下橫檔bottom reinforcement bars 底部鋼筋bottom sill 底檻bottom view 底視圖boulder 大卵石boulder clay

35、冰礫泥boulder concrete 蠻石混凝土boulder foundation 粗礫地基boulevard 林蔭大道boundary 邊界boundary action 邊界酌boundary conditions 邊界條件boundary force 邊界力boundary layer 邊界層boundary member 邊界構件boundary stress 邊界應力boundary wall 界墻bow 弧bow window 凸窗bows notation 魚包氏符號標注法bowel urinal 內部小便槽bowlder stone 大卵石bowstring truss 弓

36、弦桁架box 箱box caisson 箱形沉箱box column 箱形柱box foundation 箱形基礎box frame of window 匣形窗框box frame type reinforced concrete construction 箱形框架式鋼筋混凝土結構box framed construction 箱形框架結構box girder 箱形大梁box pile 箱形樁box section 箱形斷面box shaped module open on two sides 兩側被打開的盒形組件box stairs 箱形樓梯box system 吊箱系統(tǒng)brace 拉條br

37、aced arch 桁拱braced frame 斜撐框架braced frame construction 撐系框架結構braced structures 支撐結構bracing boom 加勁桿bracket 支架bracket scaffolds 挑出式腳手架bracket type retaining wall 扶垛式擋土墻braided nylon rope 編織尼龍繩branch 支管brand of cement 水泥牌號breadth 寬度breadth of section 截面寬度breakdown test 斷裂試驗breaker 粉碎機breakfast room 早餐

38、室breaking 破壞breaking bending moment 破壞彎矩breaking cross section 坡裂橫斷面breaking elongation 斷裂延伸breaking joints 參差接縫breaking load 破壞荷載breaking plant 破碎設備breaking strength 破壞強度breaking stress 破壞應力breaking test 破壞試驗breaking up 破裂breakstone 碎石breast 窗下墻breast wall 胸墻breeching 水平煙道breeze concrete 煤渣混凝土bress

39、ummer 托墻梁brettis 間壁brick 磚brick and brick 無灰漿砌筑brick arch 磚拱brick bat 磚片brick beam 磚過梁brick cement 圬工水泥brick clad building 鑲磚房屋brick clay 制磚粘土brick concrete 磚混凝土brick construction 磚石建筑物brick cutter 切磚機brick facing 磚砌面層brick field 瓦磚廠brick flooring 磚地面brick foundation 磚基礎brick hammer 尖尾手錘brick jointe

40、r 勾縫用具brick making 制磚brick masonry 磚砌體brick nogging 磚填木架墻brick nogging building 立貼式房屋brick on edge 側砌磚brick on end 豎砌磚brick on end soldier arch 豎磚拱brick paving 鋪磚brick veneer construction 磚鑲面構造brick wall 磚壁bricklayer 砌磚工brickwork 磚砌體brickwork casing 磚塊鑲面bridge 橋梁bridge abutment 橋臺bridge arch 橋拱bridg

41、e construction 橋梁結構bridge crane 橋式起重機bridge crossing 跨線橋bridge deck 橋面板bridge design 橋梁設計bridge engineering 橋梁工學bridge girder 橋大梁bridge opening 橋孔bridge pier 橋墩bridge truss 橋梁桁架bridgeboard 樓梯幫bridging 架橋bridle wire rope sling 跳線吊繩索brightness 輝度brikyard 瓦磚廠brine air cooler 鹽水空氣冷卻器brittle failure 脆性破壞

42、brittle fracture 脆性破壞brittle lacquer technique 涂脆性漆法brittleness 脆性broad crested weir 寬頂堰broad flanged beam 寬緣梁broadstep 樓梯踏板broken concrete 混凝土碎塊broken country 溝谷交錯地帶broken course 十字砌合層broken stone concrete 石頭碎塊混凝土broom finish 混凝土面掃處理brown coat 二道墁扶brush 毛刷brush mark 刷痕brush matting 柴排brush revetmen

43、t 柴排護坡brushed plywood 刷飾面膠合板brushed surface 刷面層brushwood 枝椏材brushwood mattress 梢褥brushwork 涂刷bubble 氣泡bubble breakwater 空氣防波堤bubble concrete 泡沫混凝土bucket 桶bucket conveyor 鏈斗式輸送機bucket ladder dredge 多斗式挖泥船bucket wheel excavator 斗輪挖掘機bucket wheel suction dredger 斗輪鏟式抽吸挖泥機buckling 縱向彎曲buckling analysis

44、縱向彎曲強度計算buckling coefficient 壓屈系數buckling configuration 壓屈形態(tài)buckling length 壓屈長度buckling load 縱向彎曲荷載buckling of plate 板的翹曲buckling strength 縱向彎曲強度buckling stress 縱彎曲應力buckling test 縱向彎曲試驗bucksaw 弓鋸budget 預算budget fund 預算資金buffing 光磨bugholes 凹痕build concrete 建筑用混凝土build labourer 建筑工人builder 建造者builde

45、rs air heater 建筑物除濕熱風裝置builders diary 施工日志builders finish hardware 建筑用五金builders road 施工道路builders staging 施工臺架building 建筑物building acts 建筑法規(guī)building agreement 建筑合同building and civil engineering structures 土木建筑工程結構building area 建筑面積building bar 建筑用鋼筋building berth 船臺造船滑道building block 建筑用組件塊building

46、 brick 建筑磚building by laws 建筑條例building climatology 建筑氣候學building code 建筑條例building construction 房屋建筑building construction program 建筑程序building contract 建筑合同building control 建筑管理building core 建筑物的核心帶building costs 建筑成本building density 建筑密度building design 建筑設計building drawing 施工圖building economy 建筑經濟

47、building engineer 建筑工程師building engineering 建筑工程building expert 建筑專家building fiberboard 建筑纖維板building frame 房屋構架building fund 房產基金building implements 建筑設備building impost 拱墩building industry 建筑工業(yè)building inspector 建筑檢查員building line 建筑線building management 房屋管理building manager 房屋管理者building manager of

48、fice 建筑物經理辦公室building material machines 建筑材料產機building materials 建筑材料building mortar 建筑用灰泥building of institute 研究所建筑物building office 施工辦公室building operations 建筑施工building paper 建筑用紙building part 建筑部分building performance 建筑性能building permit 建筑許可證building population 房屋人口building pressure 建筑內空氣壓力build

49、ing products 建筑產品building regulations 建筑規(guī)定building research station 建筑科學研究所building sand 建筑用砂building sealant 填縫料building sides 建筑面building site 工地building society 建筑社團building space 建筑物空間building stone 建筑石材building supervision 建筑管理building technician 建筑技術者building technology 建筑工程學building timber 建筑

50、木材building trade 建筑業(yè)building types 建筑形式building unit 建筑構件building up 裝配building yard 建筑場地built in beam 固定梁built in items 嵌入部件built ins 嵌入部件built up area 建成區(qū)built up beam 組合梁built up construction 組合構架built up frame 組合構架built up laminated wood 膠合板built up member 裝配件built up membrane 合成薄膜built up timbe

51、r 組合木部件bulk cement 散裝水泥bulk cement lorry 散裝水泥卡車bulk cement plant 散裝水泥料斗bulk cement truck 散裝水泥卡車bulk loading 散裝bulk material 疏松材料bulk modulus 體積彈性模量bulk product 散貨bulkhead 隔壁bulking 膨脹bulking sludge 膨脹污泥bull header 圓端磚bull nose brick 單圓角磚bulwark 防護堤bump 沖擊bund 急坡堤岸bundle 束bunker 料斗buoyant foundation

52、浮筏基礎buried concrete 地下混凝土buried laying 隱埋敷設burl 述burner 燃燒嘴burning 煅燒burning of refractories 耐火材料焙燒burnishing 磨光burnt aggregate 燒結骨料burnt and ground lime 粉沫生石灰burnt brick 燒透磚burnt lime 生石灰burst 破裂bursting stress 破壞應力bush 套筒bush hammer 鑿石錘bush hammer finish 鑿石錘裝修bush hammered concrete 石錘修琢混凝土business

53、 buildings 商業(yè)建筑物butt 連接butt joint 對接butt strap 對接貼板butt welding 對頂焊接butterfly damper 蝶形氣鄰閥butterfly gate 蝶式閘門butterfly roof 蝶形屋面butterfly valve 蝶形閥buttering 涂灰漿buttery 食品儲藏室；貯藏庫buttress 扶壁buttress bracing strut 扶壁剛性梁buttress dam 扶壁式壩buttress head 垛頭buttress type power house 支墩式發(fā)電廠建筑物buttress water p

54、ower station 支墩式水力發(fā)電廠butyl rubber tape 異丁橡膠帶bye wash 排水管溝bypass 旁道bypass pipe 旁通管bypass valve 旁通閥建筑工程專用詞（C）cab 操縱室cabine twork 細木椎cabinet 箱cabinet door 撐cabinet maker 細木工cabinet type air conditioner 框形空碟cable 電纜cable conveyor 死輸送機cable duct 電纜管道cable layer 電纜敷設機cable protection pipe 電纜保護管cable railway 纜塌路cable sag 繩擻度cable saw 蒜cable stayed b