英語六級(jí)英譯漢真題2012-2016

1、2012年6月 孫子兵法（The Art of War）是中國(guó)古代最重要的一部軍事著作之一，是我國(guó)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。孫子（Sun Tzu），即該書的作者，在書中揭示的一系列具有普遍意義的軍事規(guī)律，不僅受到軍事家門的推崇，還在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)、人生追求甚至家庭關(guān)系等諸多方面，具有廣泛的指導(dǎo)作用。孫子兵法中的許多名言警句（epigram），富有哲理，意義深遠(yuǎn)，在國(guó)內(nèi)外廣為流傳。如今，孫子兵法已被翻譯成多種語言，在世界軍事史上也具有重要的地位。 The Art of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military lit

2、erary works, and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China. Sun Tzu, the author of the book, revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an extensive guiding role in several fields such as economy, art of leadershi

3、p, the pursuit of life and even family relationship. There are a lot of famous saying and epigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad. Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many languages and it also

4、plays an important role in the military history of the world.2012年12月 京劇京?。≒eking Opera）已有200多年的歷史，是中國(guó)的國(guó)劇。與其他地方戲相比，京劇享有更高的榮譽(yù)，但其實(shí)京劇融合了多種地方戲的元素。京劇演員的臉譜（facial make-up）和戲服都很精美，相比之下舞臺(tái)布景則十分簡(jiǎn)單。表演者主要應(yīng)用四種技能：唱、念、做、打。京劇較擅長(zhǎng)于表現(xiàn)歷史題材的政治、軍事斗爭(zhēng)，故事大多取自于歷史演義和小說話本（historic and fictional stories）。在古代，京劇大多是在戶外演出的，因此演員們形成

5、了一種有穿透力的唱腔，以便每個(gè)人都能聽到。 Peking Opera, as the national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Compared with other Chinese local operas,Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation; but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas. The facial make-up and costumers of the performs a

6、re very delicate; by contrast, the backdrops are quiet plain. During performance, the performers mainly utilize four skills: song, speech, dance, and combat. Peking Opera is better at performing political and military struggle with historic and the performed stories are mainly from historic and fict

7、ional stories. In ancient times, Peking Opera, was mostly performed in the open air, so the performers developed a piercing style of song that could be heard by everyone.2013年6月 中國(guó)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督部門決定在未來三到五年之內(nèi)建立一個(gè)全國(guó)性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，用以監(jiān)測(cè)空氣污染對(duì)人類健康的影響。這一目標(biāo)于國(guó)家衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)(National Health and Family Planning Commission )針對(duì)空氣污染的一份

8、工作文件中披露，根據(jù)這份文件，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)將搜集不同地區(qū)空氣中的PM2.5數(shù)據(jù)和主要空氣污染物濃度變化的數(shù)據(jù)。這將為分析和評(píng)估空氣污染對(duì)健康的影響提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。這一文件提到，缺乏長(zhǎng)期而系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測(cè)使國(guó)家無法揭示空氣污染和人類健康之間的聯(lián)系。 Chinas health watchdog has decided to set up a national network to monitor the impact air pollution on humans health within the coming three to five years. The goal was revealed in a

9、work document on air pollution released by National Health and Family Planning Commission. According to the document, the network will gather data on PM2.5 in the air in different regions and the density changes of main air pollutants. That will provide data support for the analysis and evaluation o

10、f the impact of air pollution on health. The document noted that lack of long-term and systematic monitoring prevented the country from uncovering the link between air pollution and humans health.2013年12月 中國(guó)人自古以來就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收。這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似。過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗于唐代早期在中國(guó)各地開始流行。中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人門拜月的節(jié)日。這天夜晚皓月當(dāng)空，人們合家團(tuán)聚，

11、共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)貝類為中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定位公共假日。月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不可或缺的美食。人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈(zèng)親友或在家庭聚會(huì)上享用。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有“壽（longevity）”、“?！被颉昂汀钡茸謽?。 Since ancient times, Chinese people have celebrated their harvest during mid-autumn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving Day in North America. The custom of ce

12、lebrating Mid-Autumn Festival started gaining its popularity in the early Tang Dynasty around China. The Mid-Autumn Festival ,celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, is a festival for Chinese people to worship the moon. During the night of the day when the bright moon is shining in the

13、 sky, there will be family reunions and family members will enjoy the bight moon together. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed as a Chinese cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was designated as a public holiday. The moon cake is seen as the indispensable fine food for the Mid-Autumn Festival.

14、 People send moon cakes as gifts to their relatives and friends or they eat moon cakes at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters conveying such meanings as “l(fā)ongevity”, “blessing”or “harmony”.2013年12月 中國(guó)園林（the Chinese garden）是經(jīng)過三千多年演變而成的獨(dú)具一格的園林景觀（landscape）。它

15、既包括為皇室成員享樂而建造的大型花園，也包括學(xué)者、商人和卸任的政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造的私家花園。這些花園構(gòu)成了一種意在表達(dá)人與自然之間應(yīng)有的和諧關(guān)系的微縮景觀。典型的中國(guó)園林四周有圍墻，園內(nèi)有池塘、假山（rock-work）、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由蜿蜒的小路和走廊連接的建筑。漫步在花園中，人們可以看到一系列精心設(shè)計(jì)的景觀猶如山水畫卷（scroll）一般展現(xiàn)在面前。 The Chinese garden is a unique landscape in virtue of evolution of more than three thousand years. It include

16、s not only the large gardens built by the royal family for enjoyment, but also the private ones built by scholars, businessmen and former government officials for getting rid of the hustle and bustle of the outside world. These gardens constitute a kind of miniaturized landscape which aims at displa

17、ying the due harmonious relationship between human and nature. Typical Chinese gardens are surrounded by walls. In the gardens there are ponds, rock-works, trees, flowers and plants, and various architectures that are connected by winding paths or corridors. When rambling in the gardens, people can

18、enjoy a series of elaborately designed landscapes which are presented in front of them like a landscape painting scroll.2013年12月（絲綢之路） 聞名于世的絲綢之路是一系列連接?xùn)|西方的路線。絲綢之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中國(guó)的絲綢貿(mào)易。絲綢之路上的貿(mào)易在中國(guó)、南亞、歐洲和中東文明發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用。正是通過絲綢之路，中國(guó)的造紙、火藥、指南針、印刷術(shù)等四大發(fā)明才被引介到世界各地。同樣，中國(guó)的絲綢、茶葉和瓷器（porcelain）也傳遍全球。物質(zhì)文化的交流是雙向的

19、，歐洲也通過絲綢之路出口各種商品和植物，滿足中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的需求?！緟⒖挤g】 The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. It extended more than 6,000 kilometers. The Silk Road was named after ancient Chinas silk trade which played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asi

20、a, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world. Europe also exported various goods and p

21、lants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.2013年12月 四大發(fā)明 China is well known for its introduction of ways and means to help ease the life of mankind. Among the inventions of Ancient China, four emerged as great contributions to the developments and changes not only to the co

22、untry, but also to the worlds economy and culture. The Great Four Inventions of ancient China were papermaking, commercial printing, gunpowder, and the compass. Chinas four great ancient inventions made tremendous contributions to the worlds economy and the culture of mankind. They were also importa

23、nt symbols of Chinas role as a great world civilization.2014年6月（科學(xué)發(fā)展） 最近，中國(guó)科學(xué)院(Chinese Academy of Sciences ) 出版了關(guān)于其最新科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)與未來一年展望的年度系列報(bào)告。系列報(bào)告包括三部分：科學(xué)發(fā)展報(bào)告、高技術(shù)發(fā)展報(bào)告、中國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略報(bào)告。第一份報(bào)告包含中國(guó)科學(xué)家的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如新粒子研究與H7N9病毒研究的突破，該報(bào)告還突出強(qiáng)調(diào)了未來幾年需要關(guān)注的問題。第二份報(bào)告公布了一些應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的突破。該報(bào)告還突出強(qiáng)調(diào)了未來幾年需要關(guān)注的問題。第二份報(bào)告公布了一些應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的熱門領(lǐng)域。如3D打印

24、和人造器官研究。第三份報(bào)告呼吁加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì)，以消除工業(yè)升級(jí)中的結(jié)構(gòu)性障礙，并促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排?！緟⒖挤g】ChineseAcademy of Science recently published an annual report about its latestscientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists ofthree parts:science development, more advanced technology development and thesustainable strat

25、egy of China. The first one includes the latest findings ofChinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthroughin the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need tofocus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in appliedscienc

26、e. For example, the 3dimension print and the study of artificialorgans. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to getrid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote theenergy-saving and emission-reduction.2014年6月（中文熱詞） 中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化，有些在外國(guó)媒體上愈來愈流行。例如，土豪

27、(tuhao)和大媽(dama)都是老詞，但是已獲取了新的意義。 土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或者喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人，也就是說，土豪有錢，但沒有品位。大媽是對(duì)中年婦女的稱呼，但現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)下跌時(shí)大量購買黃精的中國(guó)婦女。 土豪和大媽可能會(huì)被人收入新版牛津(Oxford)英語詞典，至今已有約120個(gè)中文詞被加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典，成為了英語語言的一部分【參考翻譯】 The Chinese heated words usually reflectsocial changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popul

28、ar with foreignmedia. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they get differentmeanings now。The word tuhao used to mean rural landlordswho oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spendingmoney without limits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuh

29、aoowns money rather than taste. The word dama is used to describe middle-agedwomen. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese womenwho rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago。Tuhaoand dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to no

30、w, about 120Chinese words have been listed in it and became part of the English language.2014年6月（治理污染） 北京計(jì)劃未來三年投資7600億元治理污染，從減少PM2.5排放入手，這一新公布的計(jì)劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括500多萬倆機(jī)動(dòng)車的尾氣(exhaust)排放、周邊地區(qū)燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵。另有850億元用于新建或升級(jí)城市垃圾處理和污水(sewage)處理設(shè)施，加上300億元投資未來三年的植樹造林(forestation) 市政府還計(jì)劃建造一批水循環(huán)利用工廠，并制止違章建筑

31、，以改善環(huán)境。另外，將更嚴(yán)厲地處罰違反限排規(guī)定的行為?！緟⒖挤g】 Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan to curb environmental pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emissions of pm 2.5 emissions. The newly announced plan is intended to reduce the four major sources of pollution, including exhaust emiss

32、ions of 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and construction dust in the locality. Another 85 billion yuan is used for establishing or upgrading the facilities of municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan invests to th

33、e afforestation program in the next three years.In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to build a good number of plants which can use recycled water and to stop illegal construction. In addition, Beijing will punish those people who violate the regulations of emissi

34、on-reduction more severely.2014年12月（經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展）自從1978年啟動(dòng)改革以來，中國(guó)已從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)為以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展。平均10%的GDP增長(zhǎng)已使五億多人脫貧。聯(lián)合國(guó)的“千年（millennium）發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國(guó)均已達(dá)到或即將達(dá)到。目前，中國(guó)的第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會(huì)不平衡的問題。政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機(jī)會(huì)，并擴(kuò)大社會(huì)保障。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在7%的經(jīng)濟(jì)年增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)表明政府是在重視生活質(zhì)量而不是增長(zhǎng)速度。 Since the reform was launched in 1978, Chin

35、a has transformed from the planned economyinto a market-based economy, experiencing rapid economic and social development. On theaverage,10% of the GDP growth has made more than five hundred million people out ofpoverty. The “millennium development goal ”of the United Nations has been realized or ar

36、eabout to be reached in China. At present, the 12th five-year plan in China emphasizes thedevelopment of service industry and solve the problem of environmental and social imbalance.The government has set up a goal to reduce pollution, increasing energyefficiency，improving the chance of education an

37、d health care, and enlarging the socialsecurity. 7% of annual economic growth target in China shows that the government attachesgreat importance to the quality of life rather than the growth rate.2014年12月中國(guó)將努力確保到2015年就業(yè)者接受過平均13.3年的教育。如果這一目標(biāo)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，今后大部分進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的人都需獲得大學(xué)文憑。 在未來幾年，中國(guó)將著力增加職業(yè)學(xué)院的招生人數(shù)：除了關(guān)注高等教育

38、外，還將尋找新的突破以確保教育制度更加公平。中國(guó)正在努力最佳地利用教育資源，這樣農(nóng)村和欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)將獲得更多的支持。 教育部還決定改善欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)學(xué)生的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，并為外來務(wù)工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等機(jī)會(huì)。 China will endeavor to ensure every employee to have average 13.3 years of education. If the goal is achieved, a majority of people entering the labor market will be having Bachelors degree. In th

39、e next few years, China will increase the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure the justice of education. China is trying to optimize education resources and, accordingly, the countryside as well as th

40、e less developed areas will receive more support. In addition, the education ministry decides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provides equal opportunities for the children of workers from out of town to receive education in the city.2014年12月（文學(xué)藝術(shù)） 反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是中國(guó)

41、文明的重要特征。這在很大程度上歸功于道家對(duì)自然的感情。傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)畫有兩個(gè)最受青睞的主題，一是家庭生活的各種幸福場(chǎng)景，畫中往往有老人在下棋飲茶，男人在耕耘收割，婦女在織布縫衣，小孩在戶外玩耍。另一個(gè)則是鄉(xiāng)村生活的種種樂趣，畫有漁夫在湖上打漁，農(nóng)夫在山上砍柴采藥，或是書生坐在松樹下吟詩作畫。這兩個(gè)主題可以分別代表儒家和道家的生活理想。 The ideal of country life reflected by the art and literature is the important feature of Chinese culture, which is, to a large degree

42、, attributed to the feelings to the nature from Taoist. There are two most popular topics in the traditional Chinese painting. One is the various scenes of happiness about family life, in which the old man often plays chess and drinks tea, with the man in the harvest, woman in weaving, children play

43、ing out of doors. The other scene is all kinds of pleasures about country life, in which the fisherman is fishing on the lake, with the farmer cutting wood and gathering herbs in the mountains and the scholar chanting poetry and painting pictures sitting under the pine trees. The two themes can repr

44、esent the life ideal of Confucianism and Taoism.2015年6月 漢朝是中國(guó)歷史上最重要的朝代之一。漢朝統(tǒng)治期間有很多顯著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞開大門，對(duì)外貿(mào)易興旺。漢朝開拓的絲綢之路通向了中西亞乃至羅馬。各類藝術(shù)一派繁榮，涌現(xiàn)了很多文學(xué)、歷史、哲學(xué)巨著。公元100年中國(guó)第一部字典編撰完成，收入9000個(gè)字，提供釋義并列舉不同的寫法。其間，科技方面也取得了很大進(jìn)步，發(fā)明了紙張、水鐘、日晷（sundials）以及測(cè)量地震的儀器。漢朝歷經(jīng)400年，但統(tǒng)治者的腐敗最終導(dǎo)致了它的滅亡。 Han Dynasty was one of the most i

45、mportant dynasties in Chinese history. There were many significant achievements during the Han Dynasty. It was the first to open its doors to other cultures. Foreign trade flourished during this period. The Silk Road initiated by Han Dynasty led all the way to the West Asia and even to Rome. Various

46、 forms of art prospered, with the emergence of a lot of literature, history and philosophy masterpieces. 100 A.D. witnessed the completion of the first Chinese dictionary which included 9000 words, providing interpretation and various styles of writing. Meanwhile, technology had also achieved great

47、progress. Paper, water clocks, sundials and earthquake detectors were invented. The reign has lasted for 400 years. However, the corruption of the rulers eventually led to its downfall. 2011年是中國(guó)城市化（urbanization）進(jìn)程中的歷史性時(shí)刻，其城市人口首次超過農(nóng)村人口。在未來20年里，預(yù)計(jì)約有3.5億農(nóng)村人口將移居到城市。如此規(guī)模的城市發(fā)展對(duì)城市交通來說既是挑戰(zhàn)，也是機(jī)遇。中國(guó)政府一直提倡“以人為

48、本”的發(fā)展理念，強(qiáng)調(diào)人們以公交而不是私家車出行。它還號(hào)召建設(shè)“資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好型”社會(huì)。有了這個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)，中國(guó)城市就可以更好地規(guī)劃其發(fā)展，并把大量投資轉(zhuǎn)向安全、清潔和經(jīng)濟(jì)型交通系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展上。 2011 witnesses the historic moment of the Chinese urbanization process. The urban population exceeded the rural population for the first time. In the next 20 years, it is estimated that about 350 millio

49、n rural people would move to the cities. This scale of urbanization is both a challenge and an opportunity to urban transportation. The Chinese government has been promoting "people-oriented" development philosophy, which emphasizes that people should choose buses over private cars. It als

50、o calls for building "a resource-saving and environment-friendly" society. With this clear objective, Chinese cities will be able to better plan their development, and invest heavily on the evolution of a safe, clean and economical transportation system.2015年6月 中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的待客之道要求飯菜豐富多樣，讓客人吃不完。中國(guó)宴

51、席上典型的菜單包括開席的一套涼菜及其后的熱菜，例如肉類、雞鴨、蔬菜等。大多數(shù)宴席上，全魚被認(rèn)為是必不可少的，除非已經(jīng)上過各式海鮮。如今，中國(guó)人喜歡把西方特色菜與傳統(tǒng)中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少見。沙拉也已流行起來，盡管傳統(tǒng)上中國(guó)人一般不吃任何未經(jīng)烹飪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道湯，可以最先上或最后上桌。甜點(diǎn)和水果通常標(biāo)志宴席的結(jié)束。 The traditional Chinese hospitality requires food diversity, so that guests will be full before eating up all the dishes. A typic

52、al Chinese banquet menu includes cold dishes served at the beginning, followed by hot dishes, such as meat, poultry, vegetables, etc. At most banquets, the whole fish is considered to be essential, unless various kinds of seafood have been served already. Today, Chinese people would like to combine

53、Western specialties with traditional Chinese dishes. Therefore, it is not rare to see steak being served as well. Salad is gaining popularity, although traditionally the Chinese people generally do not eat any food without cooking. There is usually at least a bowl of soup, served at the beginning or

54、 in the end of the dinner party. Desserts and fruit usually mark the end of the feast.2015年12月（中國(guó)工業(yè)升級(jí)） 最近，中國(guó)政府決定將其工業(yè)升級(jí)。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在涉足建造高速列車，遠(yuǎn)洋船舶，機(jī)器人，甚至飛機(jī)。不久前，中國(guó)獲得了在印度尼西亞建造一條高鐵的合同：中國(guó)還與馬拉西亞簽署了為其提供高速列車的合同。這證明人們信賴中國(guó)造產(chǎn)品。中國(guó)造產(chǎn)品越來越受歡迎。中國(guó)為此付出了代價(jià)，但這確實(shí)有助于消除貧困，同時(shí)還為世界各地的人們提供了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。這是一件好事，值得稱贊。下次你去商店時(shí)，可能想看一看你所購商品的出產(chǎn)國(guó)名。很有可

55、能這件商品是中國(guó)造的。譯文1： Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in building high-speed trains, ocean-going ships, robots, even the planes. Not long ago, China won the contract of building a high-speed railway in Indonesia. The Contract of China proving hig

56、h-speed trains for Malaysia also signed by the two sides, which proves that goods made-in-China are widely trusted. Goods made-in-China has become more and more popular. Although China has paid prices for it, it does help to eliminate poverty and to provide work chances for people all over the world

57、 as well. This is a good work and worth speaking highly of. You may want to take a look at which country your goods comes from when you go to the store next time. It is very probably made in China.譯文2： Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. Now it is involved in constr

58、ucting high-speed train, ocean ship, robot, even planes.Not long ago, China got the contract of building a high-speed train in Indonesia.At the same time, China also got the contract of providing high-speed trains with Malaysia.It proves that people believe in the products made in China. Chinese-mad

59、e goods has become more and more popular.China has paid a price for this, but it not only helps to eliminate poverty, but also provides job opportunities to people around the world. It is a good thing that is worthy of praise.When you go to the store next time, you may want to know where the product you bought is produced. It is very likely that it is made in China.201