高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句全面詳細(xì)講解

1、定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1 .定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。2 .先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3 .關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 關(guān)系副詞有 when, where, why 等?The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.注意：弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，是掌握定語(yǔ)從句、選擇好關(guān)系詞的關(guān)鍵。二關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. who?指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作

2、主語(yǔ)。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先?。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我們物理的老師。2. whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷裕诳谡Z(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？?用who來(lái)代替。Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see.李明正是我想要見的男孩。The pro

3、fessor (whom) you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來(lái)了。The girl (whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。3. which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴ootball is a game which is liked by most boys. 足 球是大 多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜歡外國(guó)作家寫的書。T

4、his is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.這是他昨天買的鋼The film (which) they went to see last night was not interes ting at all.他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。4. that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who 或whom指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。He is the man that/who lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this mornin

5、g? 我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind.你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 春天之后的季節(jié)是夏季。I don't like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜歡結(jié)尾悲傷的故事。The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn 't fit her very well. 安買的衣服不太合身。5.

6、whose指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關(guān)系，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：The house whose windows are broken is empty.The

7、 house the windows of which are broken is empty.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?三“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾經(jīng) 就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。Tomorrow I ' l

8、l bring here the magazine (which/that) you asked for.Tomorrow I' ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天 我將把你要的雜志帶來(lái)。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that) I played tennis withyesterday.Thisistheboywith whom Iplayed tennis yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。注意：不能拆開的詞組:look for / look after /take care of / p

9、ut on / take offThis is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.這是我正在找的手表。The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代 詞或者數(shù)詞。如：He loves his parentsdeeply, both of whom are verykind

10、tohim.他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。In the basket thereare quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我們班總共有40個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are a bout country life.迄今為止，他寫了 1

11、0部小說(shuō)，其中3部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。October 1,1949 was the day when the People s Republic of China was founded.1949 年 10 月 1 日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。Do yo

12、u remember the years when he lived in the countryside w ith his grandparents.你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。The housewhere Ilivedtenyears ago has been pulleddown.我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。I visitedthe farmwherealot of cows were raised.我參觀了那個(gè)飼養(yǎng)了許多

13、奶牛的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當(dāng)初 打敵人的地方嗎？3. why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請(qǐng)告訴 我你誤機(jī)的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受懲罰的 原因我們都不知道。Idontknow the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。五 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定

14、語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上：不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 B .可用that C .可用who代替whom 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上：用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A 不可省略B 不用 that C 不可用 who 代替 whom限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I cou ld depend on. 老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史 悠久的國(guó)家。In

15、 the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看 到一個(gè)來(lái)自非洲的人。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很嚴(yán)格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中國(guó)是 1949 年成立的， 現(xiàn)在正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。I have been to Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city.我去

16、過(guò)杭州，它是一個(gè)非常美麗的城市。補(bǔ)充：（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用 that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況1 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing,none, few, the one 等詞時(shí)。Everything that he said was true. 他所說(shuō)的一切都是真的。There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)似乎世界上 沒(méi)有什么不可能的事。Is there anything that I can do

17、 for you?有我能為你效勞的事嗎？That s all that I know. 我知道的就這么多。2. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very （恰恰，正好） , the only ， any， few ， little ， no， all修飾時(shí)。This is the very grammar book （that） I want to buy.這正是我要買的語(yǔ)法書。The only thing that is constant is change. 唯一不變的是變化。There was little that we could do to help her.我們沒(méi)有什么能幫助她的。3當(dāng)先行詞是

18、形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best that has been used against pollution.這是曾經(jīng)用過(guò)的最好的抗污染的辦法。This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最有趣的電影。4. 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。What is the first American film that you

19、have seen?你看過(guò)的第一部美國(guó)電影是什么？5當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who 或 which 時(shí)。Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?有常識(shí)的人誰(shuí)會(huì)相信這種無(wú)聊的事情？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？6當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他們談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠幔浚ㄋ模╆P(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句主要看關(guān)系詞

20、在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用（即所 擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?。試比較：A. I know a place we can have a picnic.我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的I know a place is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一個(gè)以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。B. I will never forget the days we spent our holid ays together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days we spent toget her.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過(guò)的日子。C.

21、This is the reason he was dismissed. 這就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason he explained to me fo r his not attending the meeting.這就是他向我解釋的他沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議的原因。as作為關(guān)系代詞，習(xí)慣上用于下列詞組：the same.as such .as as . as , so as1. Take as many books as you want.2. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.3. He read such books as

22、will make him wiser.4. The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.As用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常見以下句型：as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as we can imagine, as has been pointed out習(xí)題演練1. Everything I know will be taught to the students.2. This

23、is the best film I have ever seen.3. The manager walked toward the gate the workers are waiting.4. You can ' t go into this room they are having a meeting.5. I still remember the days we studied together.6. The picture has a house and flowers is the one I like best.7. Don t make the same mistake

24、 you did last time.8. He failed in the exam, surprised us all .9. He did all was necessary to be done.10. Her parents wouldn t let she marry anyone family was poor.11. Tom, parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.12. She is the old womanI saw this morning.13. Do you know Mr.Zhangwe like very mu

25、ch.【模擬試題】 定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí) 一 . 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. Weare learning English, a language is used in many places in the world.2. Most Americans love Chinese food, is cooked in a different wayfrom westernfood.3. This magazine belongs to the teacher teaches us history.4. Anyone comes to China will surely visit the Great Wa

26、ll near Beijing.5. Anyone has a cold should have a good rest.6. The house stands on the top of the hill was built last month.7. The medicine he bought is good for your health.8. He is the only person saw the accident yesterday.9. Tom is trying to read in the room the others are watching TV.10. We wo

27、n t forget the day the hero was killed.11. The student the teachers are talking about has won the first prize inthe Englishcontest.12. The newspaper you are reading is two days old.13. Do you remember the time we got lost in the park?14. I ll never forget the time we spent together in the army camp.

28、15. They are building a hospital on the street we used to live.16. The present he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.17. Happiness is one of the things money cannot buy.18. This is the hospital her mother works.19. I ll never forget the day I joined the League.20. The house was pulled down last week is being rebuilt.21. The man wife